UbuntuHelp:Ubuntu Getting Started

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Ubuntu_Getting_Started

点击翻译:

English

~+So, you've downloaded Ubuntu and burned the disk, then installed the OS, but what do you do now, how do you install things, what things can you install, where's Internet Explorer!?+~

Introduction

Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy Heron" Welcome to the Ubuntu Getting Started guide, here I will tell you step by step how to go about customizing your new OS and installing new applications. First a few things that you need to know, your beloved .exe's GONE!!! all of them (well some of them)Ubuntu doesn't use exe files to install things, instead it uses .deb files. basically all you need to know about them is that .deb files are how we package applications.

How do I do...

Here I will give a list of windows programs and there Ubuntu counterparts. MS Word -- Open Office Writer/word processor
MS Excel -- Open Office Spreadsheet
MS Access -- Open Office Database
MS Outlook -- Mozilla Thunderbird
Internet Explorer -- Mozilla Firefox
Photo Shop -- The Gimp
Notepad -- Gedit
MSN -- aMSN/pidgin

Shopping Frenzy (without the £££ bit)

Ok, so one of the main things your probably going to want to do is install loadsa stuff. Now in Ubuntu Programs/Applications (stuff) are stored repositories (big boxes) the only problem is you havent got all the repositories, but they are easy to obtain. The location of these repositories is stored in a text file on your machine, we have to edit this text file in order to tell our machine where the repositories are. We can do this through the Synaptic GUI (Graphical User Interface) or by manually editing the text file, I will explain both ways.

Synaptic GUI

Synaptic is basically a program from which you can install things. You access Synaptic by clicking on System --> Administration --> Synaptic Package Manager at the top of your screen. You will be prompted for your password, this is just for security purposes, but get used to it because you will be typing your password ~+allot+~. Once Synaptic has finished loading, at the top of the screen click Settings --> Repositories This will open up a new window.In this new window you want to tick all tick boxes on the first 3 tabs with the exception of the live CD in the 'Third Party Software' tab. Press Close to get rid of the window then click the 'Reload' button in the top left corner of Synaptic. That's it you now have all your repositories (boxes of stuff) enabled.

Manually Editing sources.list

At the top of your screen click on Places --> Home Folder This will open up a file browser window called 'nautilus' Once nautilus is loaded on the left hand side click on 'File System' then find a folder on the right called 'etc' open it, then find a folder called 'apt' and open it, from there find a text file called sources.list, this is the file we will be editing. Whenever you are editing a system config file you should make a backup, for this we will open a terminal (like cmd.exe - command prompt). We do this by clicking at the top of the screen on Applications --> Accessories --> Terminal

You should now have a command prompt, in which type/copy and paste (ctrl+shift+c & ctrl+shift+v to copy and paste in a terminal respectively whereas everywhere else uses standard ctrl+c & ctrl+v) into the terminal and press enter.

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

So now that we have are backup in case anything goes wrong we can start editing. In the terminal type

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

You will now have a Text Editor called gedit and the contents of your sources.list file is displayed in it. Now, press ctrl+f or press the find button in the tool bar and make a search for the word 'deb'. This will highlight the lines which we have to edit. We need to uncommented all lines beginning with 'deb' (uncomment means to remove '#' character from the beginning of the line), after you have done this go to File --> Save and exit gedit, now you have all your repositories (boxes of stuff) enabled.

---