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非官方新手入门指南（Edgy）

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概述

  • 这是一个非官方的Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)指南。本指南与Ubuntu和Canonical有限公司无关。
  • 本指南可以在官方论坛进行讨论UbuntuGuide.org。敬请参与。
  • 如果您看到一个浅蓝色的框，那么意味着您必须在终端下（应用程序->附件->终端）执行这些命令，或按方框内所提示的内容按其他命令执行。
  • 您可以将这些命令复制、粘贴到终端以减少输入错误（右键单击那些命令->“复制”或者“粘贴”；您也可以使用Ctrl+C复制，以及Shift+Insert进行粘贴）。
  • “sudo”的意思是“superuser do”（超级用户执行的操作）。执行“sudo”后会提示“Password:”，请正确输入您的用户密码。
  • 如果您想了解任何命令的更多信息，仅仅需要用“man”指令来查看您的帮助手册。比如，“man sudo”将会显示sudo命令的相关手册。
  • 如果您觉得总是需要输入“apt-get”很烦人，请阅读#How to apt-get the easy way (Synaptic)
  • “apt-get”以及“wget”需要连接因特网才能安装、升级和下载程序。
  • 如果要下载某文件，请右键单击该链接->选择“链接另存为...”->并确保文件名和后缀名的正确性。
  • 如果您愿意帮助我们将Ubuntu翻译成您的语言或者在其他方面对Ubuntu提供帮助，请访问https://launchpad.net/
  • 愿“人道待人”的伟大精神与您同在...

如果您在使用64位系统，请将下文中的所有“i386”替换成“amd64”即可 HTML()

入门指南

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Ubuntu是什么

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Ubuntu_6.10_Edgy_Eft中有哪些新特性

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Edgy Eft 桌面安装指南

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Edgy Eft的重要链接

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哪里可以找到Ubuntu的屏幕截图

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哪里可以找到Kubuntu的屏幕截图

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哪里可以找到Xubuntu的屏幕截图

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哪里可以找到Edubuntu的屏幕截图

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哪里可以找到Ubuntu的程序/库的列表

  • Result of dpkg -l: here
  • 运行 dpkg -l: 参见here

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哪里可以下载Ubuntu

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哪里可以预订到完全免费的Ubuntu CD

There will be no Edgy Eft ShipIt CDs (Announcement), instead you can still obtain Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake LTS CDs via ShipIt. Please note that CDs may take four to six weeks to deliver. You are encouraged to copy, modify, and redistribute the discs as much as possible.

我们不再提供免费预订的Edgy Eft CD，参见(Announcement)，但是，您仍然可以预订Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake LTS CD。 请注意，CD可能需要4至6个星期才能被寄到。当然我们也鼓励您多多地复刻、修改和分发这些CD。

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Where to find help for Ubuntu

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哪里可以找到Ubuntu的帮助

  • See: System -> Help -> System Documentation
  • 参见：“系统->帮助->系统文档”

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Where to look for new programs

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哪里可以找到新软件

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Where to look for style elements for your desktop

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哪里可以找到桌面主题

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Repositories

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源

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How to add extra repositories

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如何添加额外的源

sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Replace everything with the following lines
  • 然后将所有的东西删除，并替换为以下的内容

To use your local mirror you can add "cc." before archive.ubuntu.com (cc == your country code)e.g. deb http://lv.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse 如果要使用您的本地镜像，您可以在"archive.ubuntu.com"前添加""cc.""（cc == 您的国家代码）比如“deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse” 

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf edgy-plf free non-free
deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/plf edgy-plf free non-free
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu edgy-commercial main
#deb http://theli.free.fr/packages/ edgy listen
  • Save the edited file
  • 保存编辑过的文档
wget http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/12B83718.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
  • You may also generate your own sources.list and find other repositories at: http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
  • 您也可以创建您自己的sources.list。在这里http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic您可以找到其他的源

此源包含了Nvidia、ATi驱动等软件。

  • Modify the default Ubuntu sources.list only if you understand what you're doing. Mixing repos can cause breakage.
  • "仅当您知道您在干什么，才可以修改默认的Ubuntu sources.list。混杂的源可能会导致系统的破坏。"

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Ubuntu Updates

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更新Ubuntu

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How to manually update Ubuntu

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如何手动更新Ubuntu

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

OR Use Update Manager: System -> Administration -> Update Manager ""或者"" 使用更新管理器：“系统->系统管理->更新管理器”

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Add-On Applications

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安装其他软件

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如何安装EasyUbuntu

  • Easy Ubuntu is a small straight-forward utility that allows novice users to easily install a wide variety of content for Ubuntu such as media codecs, fonts, Macromedia Flash and Sun Java.
  • Easy Ubuntu是一个简单的工具，它使得新手安装一些常用的Ubuntu软件变得十分容易。比如媒体编解码器，字体，Macromedia Flash以及Sun Java。

Open a terminal from Menu -> Accessories -> Terminal and run the following commands 打开一个终端（应用程序->附件->终端），运行以下命令 

wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
tar -zxf easyubuntu-3.023.tar.gz
cd easyubuntu
cp packagelist-dapper.pot packagelist-edgy.pot
cp packagelist-dapper.xml packagelist-edgy.xml
sudo python easyubuntu.in
  • From the Easy Ubuntu window, check the appropriate boxes to download and install content to Ubuntu.
  • 在Easy Ubuntu的窗口中，将您所需要的软件前面的框钩上就可以下载和安装。
  • Note: Users of the previous EasyUbuntu 3.0 version may experience issues with installing Flash and Java.
  • 注意：老版本的EasyUbuntu 3.0可能无法安装Flash和Java。
  • If you would like automatic update, then follow these instructions:
  • 如果您喜欢自动升级，请按照下面的方法：

depending on which version of Ubuntu you're using: 取决于您使用的Ubuntu的版本 On Ubuntu: 如果是Ubuntu： 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

On Kubuntu: 如果是Kubuntu： 

sudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list

On Xubuntu: 如果是Xubuntu： 

gksudo mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list

In your text editor which will open, add to the bottom of your /etc/apt/sources.list file: 在您的文本编辑器的末尾，添加一段： 

deb http://easyubuntu.cafuego.net main easyubuntu

From now on, EasyUbuntu should be automatically updated. 现在，EasyUbuntu将会自动升级。

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How To Uninstall EasyUbuntu

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如何卸载EasyUbuntu
sudo apt-get remove easyubuntu
  • Delete the easyubuntu directory
  • 删除easyubuntu的目录

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How to install Automatix2 on Ubuntu, Kubuntu, and Xubuntu

如何在Ubuntu, Kubuntu, 和Xubuntu上安装Automatix2

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  • Automatix2 is Automatix written in python with a more user friendly interface and better overall design for automating the installation of the most commonly requested applications in Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu linux.
  • Automatix由python语言编写，Automatix2是它的一个用户界面更加友好的版本。为了在Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu发行版中满足一般意义上的自动化安装的目的，Automatix2被全面地更好的设计。
  • Note: Before installing, please note that certain codecs it provides may be prohibited in certain countries. You are responsible for ensuring those laws are not broken.
  • 注意：安装之前，请注意，在特定国家Automatix2所提供的特定编解码器可能被禁止。你有责任确保不触犯法律。
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following lines at the end of file
  • 在文件结尾添加下面2行
deb http://www.getautomatix.com/apt edgy main
  • NOTE: Kubuntu/Xubuntu users will need to uncomment (remove the # before the word "deb") all the additional sources as well as add the automatix repository.
  • 注意：Kubuntu/Xubuntu用户需要反注释所有额外的源，同时添加Automatix的源。
  • Acquire GPG key
  • 需要GPG密钥
wget http://www.getautomatix.com/apt/key.gpg.asc
gpg --import key.gpg.asc
gpg --export --armor 521A9C7C | sudo apt-key add -
  • Update APT
  • 更新 APT
sudo apt-get update
  • Run the following commands to install Automatix2
  • 运行下面的命令行安装 Automatix2
sudo apt-get install automatix2
  • Automatix2 can be started from the the Menu
  • 可以从菜单中启动Automatix2
Menu -> System -> Automatix
  • Automatix2 can be run from terminal by typing the folowing
  • 在终端运输入如下命令可以启动 Automatix2
automatix2

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Another script to install additional programs

安装额外程序的另一个脚本 

wget http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/ubuntu/install.sh
sh install.sh

More information about this installation method can be found at http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/ubuntu/install.html

你可以在 http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/ubuntu/install.html 获得关于安装 Automatix2 的更多信息

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为firefox安装Java插件(How to install J2SE Runtime Environment (JRE) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

提示：该组件已经包含在Automatix2中，如果你已经安装并可以正常使用Automatix2,那这个插件应该也已经安装好了 

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
  • When asked, agree with DLJ license terms.
  • 安装过程中可能会出现一次DLJ许可的提示，接受它即可继续安装

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如何安装JRE5.0(How to install JRE v5.0 Update 9)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

提示：该组件已经包含在Automatix2中，如果你已经安装并可以正常使用Automatix2,那这个插件应该也已经安装好了 

Choose "Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 5.0 Update 9" and click on "Download"
Accept License Agreement
Download the "Linux self-extracting file"
选择"Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 5.0 Update 9"点击“下载”，接受许可协议，并选择下载“Linux自解压文件“
  • Install the required tool :
  • 安装基本工具：
sudo apt-get install java-package
  • Create the Ubuntu package :
  • 将下载的文件包转化为deb格式
fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_09-linux-i586.bin
  • Install the resulting package :
  • 安装转换好的deb软件包
sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update09_i386.deb
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
  • 重新启动firefox
  • If you get an error, try changing the 09's in the filenames to the appropriate version number.
  • 如果中途出现安装错误，尝试将文件名中“09”改为正确的版本号

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如何安装JDK（How to install Java Development Kit (JDK) v5.0）

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
  • Accept the licence agreement that appears.
  • 接受软件许可协议
  • Set Sun's JVM as default Java version:
  • 更新电脑上的JAVA默认设置
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.5.0-sun
  • Edit /etc/jvm and move /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun to the top of JVMs offered:
  • 编辑/etc/jvm并将/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun移到文件首行
gksudo gedit /etc/jvm

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安装firefox的flash播放插件（How to install Flash Player (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox）

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

Note: if you get an error message that the package is not found, try the Gnash (GNU Flash substitute)

提示：如果系统提示找不到相应文件，尝试安装下面这个文件 

sudo apt-get install libflash-mozplugin
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
  • 重启firefox使新安装的插件生效

Note: if firefox crashes when visiting a website with flash content, do the following:

提示：安装完flash插件后如果firefox一访问含有flash动画的网页就漰溃，请按下面操作修复： 

sudo gedit /usr/bin/firefox

and add the following line as last but one line of the file:

在文件的最后一行插入以下内容 

export XLIB_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1

Now firefox shouldn't crash anymore. (Launchpad bug report: [1])

这时，再重新启动firefox应该可以正常运行了

  • Restart Mozilla Firefox

Note: if sound doesn't work in Flash Player (for example on YouTube):

提示：如果出现无法播放flash动玏中的声音时，请按下面的方法修正 

sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
gksudo gedit /etc/firefox/firefoxrc

Change:将下面这个地方 

FIREFOX_DSP=""

To:改为 

FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox. Now sound should work in Flash Player.
  • 重启firefox，即可正常播放动画里的声音了

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How to update to Flash Player 9 Beta 2 (Macromedia Flash) Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

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如何将Firefox的Flash插件升级到Flash Player 9 Beta 2（Macromedia Flash）

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed "注意：程序已经包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在用Automatix2了，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了。"

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如何将Firefox的Flash插件升级到Flash Player 9 Beta 2（Macromedia Flash）

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已经包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在用Automatix2了，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了。

/!\ End of edit conflict 

wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer9_update/FP9_plugin_beta_112006.tar.gz
tar xvzf FP9_plugin_beta_112006.tar.gz
sudo cp flash-player-plugin-9.0.21.78/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
  • 重启Mozilla Firefox

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  • 重启Mozilla Firefox

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How to install PDF Reader (Adobe Reader) with Plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

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如何安装PDF阅读器（Adobe Reader）以及其Firefox插件

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如何安装PDF阅读器（Adobe Reader）以及其Firefox插件

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sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins
  • Applications -> Office -> Adobe Reader

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  • 应用程序 ->办公 -> Adobe Reader
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
  • 重启Mozilla Firefox

Note: Adobe Reader 7.0 will not run if SCIM is running. You are running SCIM if you have installed another language to Ubuntu via System -> Administration -> Language Support. To circumvent, do the following 注意 如果正在使用SCIM输入法，Adobe Reader 7.0将不会启动。如果你是通过 系统-> 系统管理-> 语言支持 安装其他语言时将SCIM输入法装上的话。为了消除问题，请执行以下操作

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  • 应用程序 ->办公 -> Adobe Reader
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox
  • 重启Mozilla Firefox

Note: Adobe Reader 7.0 will not run if SCIM is running. You are running SCIM if you have installed another language to Ubuntu via System -> Administration -> Language Support. To circumvent, do the following

注意 如果正在使用SCIM输入法，Adobe Reader 7.0将不会启动。如果你是通过 系统-> 系统管理-> 语言支持 安装其他语言时将SCIM输入法装上的话。为了消除问题，请执行以下操作

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gksudo gedit /usr/bin/acroread

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Change:将

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Change:将

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#!/bin/sh (-)
#

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to:改为

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to:改为

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#!/bin/sh (-)
#
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

Save the file. Now Adobe Reader 7.0 should work. See also:

保存文件。现在Adobe Reader 7.0应该可以正常工作了。另见：

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保存文件。现在Adobe Reader 7.0应该可以正常工作了。另见：

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How to install Download Manager (Downloader for X)

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如何安装下载管理器（Downloader for X）

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如何安装下载管理器（Downloader for X）

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sudo apt-get install d4x
  • Applications -> Internet -> Downloader for X
  • 应用程序-> Internet -> Downloader for X

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  • 应用程序-> Internet -> Downloader for X

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How to uninstall Download Manager (Downloader for X)

如何卸载下载管理器（Downloader for X）

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如何卸载下载管理器（Downloader for X）

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sudo apt-get remove d4x

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How to install a password manager (Revelation)

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如何安装密码管理器（Revelation）

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如何安装密码管理器（Revelation）

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sudo apt-get install revelation
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Revelation Password Manager
  • 应用程序 -> 附件 -> Revelation Password Manager

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  • 应用程序 -> 附件 -> Revelation Password Manager

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How to uninstall Revelation
如何卸载Revelation

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如何卸载Revelation

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sudo apt-get remove revelation

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How to Automatically cycle Flickr images as your Ubuntu desktop wallpaper

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如何自动变换你的桌面墙纸

Check here for Ubuntu Wallpapers You want to make your ubuntu desktop more Colourful and Beautiful this is for you 点此下载Ubuntu墙纸 如果你想把你的Ubuntu桌面变得丰富多彩的话，这正是为你准备的

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如何自动变换你的桌面墙纸

Check here for Ubuntu Wallpapers You want to make your ubuntu desktop more Colourful and Beautiful this is for you 点此下载Ubuntu墙纸 如果你想把你的Ubuntu桌面变得丰富多彩的话，这正是为你准备的

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How to install FTP Client (gFTP)

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如何安装FTP客户端（gFTP）

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如何安装FTP客户端（gFTP）

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sudo apt-get install gftp
  • Applications -> Internet -> gFTP
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> gFTP

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  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> gFTP

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How to uninstall gFTP
如何卸载gFTP

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如何卸载gFTP

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sudo apt-get remove gftp

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How to install IRC Client (XChat)

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=== 如何安装IRC客户端（XChat）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经安装了Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

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=== 如何安装IRC客户端（XChat）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed

注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经安装了Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

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sudo apt-get install xchat xchat-systray
  • Applications -> Internet -> XChat IRC
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> XChat IRC

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  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> XChat IRC

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How to uninstall XChat
如何卸载XChat

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如何卸载XChat

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

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sudo apt-get remove xchat xchat-systray

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How to install File share utility (LinuxDC++)

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如何安装文件共享实用工具（LinuxDC++）

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如何安装文件共享实用工具（LinuxDC++）

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wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/linuxdcpp.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf linuxdcpp.tar.gz -C /opt
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linuxdcpp.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
  • 在新文件中加入如下几行

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  • 在新文件中加入如下几行

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[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=LinuxDC++
Exec=linuxdcpp
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=/opt/linuxdcpp/pixmaps/linuxdcpp.png
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Save the edited file

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  • 保存修改过的文件
  • Applications -> Internet -> LinuxDC++
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> LinuxDC++
  • If you whant to build the latest version from CVS use this guide
  • 如果你希望从CVS编译最新的版本请参考 这篇指南

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  • 保存修改过的文件
  • Applications -> Internet -> LinuxDC++
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> LinuxDC++
  • If you whant to build the latest version from CVS use this guide
  • 如果你希望从CVS编译最新的版本请参考 这篇指南

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Azureus)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

=== 如何安装P2P BT客户端（Azureus）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

=== 如何安装P2P BT客户端（Azureus）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get install azureus
  • Applications -> Internet -> Azureus
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict

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(Alternative Method)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

==== （可选方法）==== The above method installs a version of Azureus compiled with gcj, the free alternative to Sun's Java. 上述方法将安装Azureus的gcj编译版本，一个Sun的Java的免费替代。

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

==== （可选方法）==== The above method installs a version of Azureus compiled with gcj, the free alternative to Sun's Java. 上述方法将安装Azureus的gcj编译版本，一个Sun的Java的免费替代。

/!\ End of edit conflict 

wget http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/azureus/Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2
sudo tar jxvf Azureus_2.5.0.0_linux.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/azureus.desktop
  • Add the following to the new file
  • 在新文件中加入如下几行

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 在新文件中加入如下几行

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict 

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Azureus
Comment=Java BitTorrent Client
Exec=/opt/azureus/azureus
Icon=/opt/azureus/Azureus.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Save the edited file

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 保存编辑过的文件
  • Applications -> Internet -> Azureus
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

  • 保存编辑过的文件
  • Applications -> Internet -> Azureus
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Azureus

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to uninstall Azureus
如何卸载Azureus

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

如何卸载Azureus

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get remove azureus

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How to install P2P BitTorrent Client (Bittornado)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

=== 如何安装P2P BT客户端（Bittornado）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

=== 如何安装P2P BT客户端（Bittornado）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get install bittornado bittornado-gui
  • Applications -> Internet -> Bittornado Client
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Bittornado Client

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> Bittornado Client

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to uninstall Bittornado

如何卸载Bittornado

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

如何卸载Bittornado

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get remove bittornado bittornado-gui

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How to install P2P eMule Client (aMule)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

=== 如何安装P2P 电骡客户端（aMule）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

=== 如何安装P2P 电骡客户端（aMule）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get install amule
  • Applications -> Internet -> aMule
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> aMule

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> aMule

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to uninstall P2P eMule Client (aMule)
如何卸载aMule

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

如何卸载aMule

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get remove amule

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How to install P2P Gnutella Client (FrostWire)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

=== 如何安装P2P Gnutella客户端（FrostWire）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

=== 如何安装P2P Gnutella客户端（FrostWire）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

/!\ End of edit conflict 

wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
sudo dpkg -i FrostWire-4.10.9-2.i586.deb
  • Applications -> Internet -> FrostWire
  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> FrostWire

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 应用程序 -> Internet -> FrostWire

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to install Messenger (Skype)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

=== 如何安装通讯软件（Skype）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

  • With Edgy the Skype is not included in the Ubuntu repositories anymore.
  • 在Edgy中Skype已比再被包含。

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

=== 如何安装通讯软件（Skype）=== Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 注意：程序已包含在Automatix2。如果你已经在使用Automatix2，那么这个程序应该已经被安装了

  • With Edgy the Skype is not included in the Ubuntu repositories anymore.
  • 在Edgy中Skype已比再被包含。

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo apt-get install libqt3-mt
wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb
sudo dpkg -i skype_debian-*.deb

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(Alternative Method - Official Skype Repository)

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

（可选方法- 官方Skype仓库）

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

（可选方法- 官方Skype仓库）

/!\ End of edit conflict 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following lines to the end of file
  • 在文件尾部加入如下几行

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 在文件尾部加入如下几行

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict 

deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype
  • To run Applications > Internet > Skype
  • 启动请点 应用程序 > Internet > Skype

/!\ Edit conflict - other version:

  • 启动请点 应用程序 > Internet > Skype

/!\ Edit conflict - your version:

/!\ End of edit conflict

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How to install WinPopup (LinPopUp)

sudo apt-get install linpopup
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/linpopup.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=LinPopUp
Comment=LinPopUp
Exec=linpopup
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/linpopup.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Accessories -> LinPopUp

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How to install Multimedia Codecs

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse libxine-extracodecs w32codecs

[/index.php?title=User:Stubby&action=edit Stubby] All known codecs work except for wmv, [/index.php?title=User:Radiobuzzer&action=edit Radiobuzzer] WMV9 codecs don't work especially for amd64 users. Advanced users should follow this patch

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How to install DVD playback capability

[/index.php?title=User:Ironss&action=edit ironss]: gstreamer dvd plugin is available as part of plugins-bad (or ugly?) and does not work reliably. However, Totem works with the xine backend to play back DVDs. This will keep you going until gstreamer gets dvd playback. Note that you do not have to install xine-ui or mplayer as suggested in 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install totem-xine

[/index.php?title=User:Stubby&action=edit Stubby]: gstreamer dvd plugin not ported to dapper yet. following instructions will not work properly 

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2

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How to install MIDI sound server (Timidity++)

  • Timidity allows for the playback of MIDI by those who do not have MIDI hardware or MIDI processing built into their sound card (most users) via a software synthesizer.
  • First install Timidity
sudo apt-get install timidity
  • Set up Timidity to start on boot
sudo gedit /etc/default/timidity
  • Uncomment the following line (remove the "#" sign)
#TIM_ALSASEQ=true
  • Set the required modules to load as well
sudo gedit /etc/modules
  • Add the following modules to the end of the file
snd-seq-device
snd-seq-midi
snd-seq-oss
snd-seq-midi-event
snd-seq
  • Restart your computer

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How to install Multimedia Player (xine-ui)

sudo apt-get install xine-ui libxine-extracodecs
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> xine

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How to install Multimedia Player (VLC) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-* mozilla-plugin-vlc
  • In order to stream video via vlc, you also need to install the following packages.
apt-get install avahi-daemon
apt-get install avahi-utils

Applications -> Sound and Video -> VLC Media Player HTML()

How to install Multimedia Player (Mplayer) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

Applications -> Sound and Video -> MPlayer Movie Player

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How to install Multimedia Player (Totem) with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
  • Restart Mozilla Firefox

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How to uninstall Totem with plug-in for Mozilla Firefox
sudo apt-get remove totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin

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How to install Multimedia Player (XMMS)

sudo apt-get install xmms xmms-skins
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i xmms-wma_1.0.4-2_i386.deb
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> XMMS

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How to install Multimedia Player (Songbird)

First download this shell script from Psychocats.net Open up the terminal and type these commands in one at a time 

cd Desktop
chmod +x installsongbird.sh
./installsongbird.sh
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Songbird

To remove if you want use this shell script and use the same instructions that you used to install songbird but substitute install with remove.

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How to install Multimedia Player (amaroK)

sudo apt-get install amarok
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

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How to uninstall amaroK
sudo apt-get remove amarok

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How to install Multimedia Player (RealPlayer 10)

sudo apt-get install realplay

Note: 'realplay' installs RealPlayer 10 from PLF repository, which you should be enabled if you followed this guide. 'realplayer' installs RealPlayer 8 from multiverse.

  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> RealPlayer 10
  • It will also install all the necessary plugins automagically for it to view embedded real videos in Firefox
  • To avoid issues of flickering or screen going blank when switching windows, goto
  • RealPlayer 10 -> Tools -> Preferences -> Hardware -> Uncheck XVideo

Alternative Source

Then add execute permissions to the installer and execute it. 

chmod +x RealPlayer10GOLD.bin
sudo ./RealPlayer10GOLD.bin

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How to install Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)

sudo apt-get install streamtuner
sudo apt-get install streamripper
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> streamtuner

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How to uninstall Stream Directory Browser (streamtuner)
sudo apt-get remove streamtuner streamripper

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How to install Music Organizer (Cowbell)

sudo apt-get install cowbell
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Cowbell Music Organizer

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How to uninstall Cowbell
sudo apt-get remove cowbell

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How to install ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)

sudo apt-get install easytag
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> EasyTAG

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How to uninstall ID3 Tag Editor (EasyTAG)
sudo apt-get remove easytag

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How to install Video Editor (Kino)

sudo apt-get install kino
sudo apt-get install kinoplus
sudo apt-get install kino-timfx
sudo apt-get install kino-dvtitler
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Kino Video Editor

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How to uninstall Video Editor (Kino)
sudo apt-get remove kino kinoplus kino-timfx kino-dvtitler

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How to install Audio Editor (Audacity)

sudo apt-get install audacity
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audacity

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How to uninstall Audacity
sudo apt-get remove audacity

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How to install Music Composition Program (NoteEdit)

sudo apt-get install noteedit lilypond
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/noteedit.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=NoteEdit
Comment=A free music score editor
Exec=noteedit
Icon=/usr/share/app-install/icons/noteedit.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  • Save the file
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> NoteEdit

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How to install Music Manager and Player (Banshee)

sudo apt-get install banshee

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How to uninstall Banshee
sudo apt-get remove banshee

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How to install DVD Ripper (dvd::rip)

sudo apt-get install dvdrip vcdimager cdrdao subtitleripper
sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/rar-2.80
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/dvdrip.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=dvd::rip
Comment=dvd::rip
Exec=dvdrip
Icon=/usr/share/perl5/Video/DVDRip/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> dvd::rip

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How to install DVD Ripper (AcidRip)

sudo apt-get install acidrip

Note: AcidRip will not recognize dvd if dma is turned on. If so undo the process #How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM.

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How to install CD Ripper (Goobox)

sudo apt-get install goobox
sudo rm -f /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/goobox.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=CD Player & Ripper
Comment=Play and extract CDs
Exec=goobox
Icon=goobox.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD Player & Ripper

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How to install Image Viewer (digiKam)

sudo apt-get install digikam digikamimageplugins kipi-plugins
  • Applications -> Graphics -> digikam

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How to install Picasa image organizer

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following lines at the end of file
# Google Picasa for Linux repository
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free
  • Save the edited file
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install picasa
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Picasa

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How to install Internet TV (DemocracyTV beta)

  • If your system has a 32bit processor (i386) open a Terminal and type
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb
  • if your system has a 64bit processor (amd64)
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/pculture.org/democracy/linux/ubuntu/democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb
sudo apt-get install mozilla-browser mozilla-psm mozilla-dev
sudo dpkg -i democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb
  • in both cases you might also need to install dependencies of the player package if dpkg returns a dependency error.
sudo apt-get -f install
  • to get support for more formats you have to install libxine-extracodecs (check Restricted Formats for more info)
sudo apt-get install libxine-extracodecs

or use an alternate procedure: double click (or right click and select "Open with gdebi") on the deb files so they are opened with gdebi, first democracyplayer-data_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_all.deb and after that democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_i386.deb (if you have a 32bit processor) or democracyplayer_0.9.0.2-1ubuntupcf_amd64.deb (if you have a 64bit processor)

  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> Democracy TV

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How to install Vector Graphics Editor (Inkscape)

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Second installation method: 

1. Download the official Inkscape Linux installer.
2. Choose a mirror and save it to your Desktop.
3. Right-click it, enable "Properties --> Permissions --> Owner:Execute" and close the dialogue box. (One-time procedure)
4. Double-click it and follow the instructions.
5. Install the support code system-wide, if you have the root password. (One-time procedure)

NOTE: You can and should install the program as a User, rather than Root. This is easily accomplished with the second method.

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How to install Opera web browser

sudo apt-get install libqt3-mt
wget http://ftp.wayne.edu/opera/linux/902/final/en/i386/shared/opera_9.02-20060919.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i opera_9.02-20060919.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb
  • Applications -> Internet -> Opera
  • To get java working go to Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Content-> Check "Enable Java". Click the "Enable Java..." button enter "/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/lib/i386" (for sun java) in the new dialog and then click the "Validate Java Path" button.

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How to install Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
  • Applications -> Internet -> Thunderbird Mail Client

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How to install Newsreader (Pan)

sudo apt-get install pan
  • Applications -> Internet -> Pan Newsreader

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How to install RSS/RDF/Atom Newsreader (RSSOwl)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME=/usr/lib/mozilla-firefox
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME}:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
cd /opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/
./run.sh
  • Save the edited file
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/runRSSOwl.sh
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RSSOwl.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RSSOwl
Comment=RSSOwl
Exec=runRSSOwl.sh
Icon=/opt/rssowl_linux_1_1_3_bin/rssowl.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Internet -> RSSOwl

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How to install WYSIWYG Web Authoring System (Nvu)

sudo apt-get install nvu
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Programming -> Nvu

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How to install Web Authoring System (BlueFish)

sudo apt-get install bluefish
  • Applications -> Programming -> Bluefish Editor

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How to install Web Development Environment (quanta plus)

sudo apt-get install quanta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Quanta Plus

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How to install Project Management Application (Planner)

sudo apt-get install planner
  • Applications -> Office -> Project Management

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How to install jedit

wget -c http://optusnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit/jedit_4.3pre8_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i jedit_4.3pre8_all.deb
  • Applications -> Programming -> Programmers text editor jedit

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How to install Accounting Application (GnuCash)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 

sudo apt-get install gnucash
  • Applications -> Office -> GnuCash

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How to install Personal Accounting Software (Eqonomize!)

sudo apt-get install eqonomize

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eqonomize.desktop
  • Add the following to the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Eqonomize!
Comment=Personal Accounting Software
Exec=eqonomize %i %m -caption "%c"
Terminal=false
Type=Application
MimeType=application/x-eqonomize
Categories=Application;Office;
X-DCOP-ServiceType=Unique
X-DCOP-ServiceName=eqonomize
X-KDE-StartupNotify=true
Comment=Personal finances manager / bookkeeping software
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=desktop_eqonomize
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Office -> Eqonomize!

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How to install Desktop Publishing Application (Scribus)

sudo apt-get install scribus
  • Applications -> Office -> Scribus

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How to install Diagram Editor (Dia)

sudo apt-get install dia-gnome
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Dia

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How to install Compiled HTML Help (CHM) Viewer (xCHM)

sudo apt-get install xchm
  • Applications -> Graphics -> xCHM

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How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (GnomeBaker)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> GnomeBaker

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How to install CD/DVD Burning Application (K3b)

sudo apt-get install k3b libk3b2-mp3
  • Applications -> Sound & Video -> K3b

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How to install Dialup PPP Client (GNOME PPP)

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp
  • Applications -> Internet -> GNOME PPP

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How to install Broadband ADSL/PPPoE Client (RP-PPPoE)

wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf rp-pppoe-3.6.tar.gz -C /opt/
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/RP-PPPoE.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=RP-PPPoE
Comment=RP-PPPoE
Exec=gksudo /opt/rp-pppoe-3.6/go-gui
Icon=pppoeconf.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Internet -> RP-PPPoE

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How to install Boot-Up Manager (BUM)

sudo apt-get install bum
  • System -> Administration -> Boot-Up Manager

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How to install Partition Editor (GParted)

sudo apt-get install gparted
  • System -> Administration -> GNOME Partition Editor (GParted)

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How to install Firewall (Firestarter)

sudo apt-get install firestarter
  • System -> Administration -> Firestarter

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How to install network traffic analyzer (Ethereal)

Note: Ethereal has been abandoned by its developers in favor of Wireshark. 

sudo apt-get install ethereal
  • Applications -> Internet -> Ethereal

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How to install network traffic analyzer (Wireshark)

sudo apt-get install wireshark
  • Applications -> Internet -> Wireshark

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How to install Vulnerability Scanner (Nessus)

sudo apt-get install nessus
sudo apt-get install nessusd
sudo nessus-adduser
sudo ln -fs /etc/init.d/nessusd /etc/rc2.d/S20nessusd
sudo /etc/init.d/nessusd start
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Nessus.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Nessus
Comment=Nessus
Exec=nessus
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/nessus.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> System Tools -> Nessus

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How to install RAR Archiver (rar)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 

sudo apt-get install rar unrar
  • Applications -> Accessories -> Archive Manager

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How to install Extra Fonts

sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-arabic
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-asian
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-european
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-japanese-big
sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-phonetic
sudo apt-get install gsfonts-x11
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
sudo fc-cache -f -v

Note: Ubuntu Dapper comes with the DejaVu fonts (derived from Bitstream Vera) and provides adequate support for Latin, Greek and Cyrillic based languages. HTML()

How to install Chinese Input Method (SCIM)

The following advices are outdated and it could be hard to revert to normal afterwards. Please follow instead the official Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake guide HERE Please note that scim is now installed by default in Dapper, and installing Chinese, Japanese or Korean Support is done using System>Administration>Language Support. The wiki details the method more thoroughly 

sudo apt-get install scim
sudo apt-get install scim-chinese
sudo apt-get install scim-config-socket
sudo apt-get install scim-gtk2-immodule
sudo apt-get install scim-tables-zh
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf fireflysung-1.3.0.tar.gz -C /usr/share/fonts/truetype/
sudo chown -R root:root /usr/share/fonts/truetype/fireflysung-1.3.0/
sudo fc-cache -f -v
  • System -> Preferences -> SCIM Input Method Setup
  • To activate SCIM
Press 'Ctrl + Space'

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How to install Desktop Applets (gDesklets)

Note: Program included in Automatix2. I you have already used Automatix2, this program may have been installed 

sudo apt-get install gdesklets
sudo apt-get install gdesklets-data
  • Applications -> Accessories -> gDesklets

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How to install Basic Compilers (build-essential)

sudo apt-get install build-essential

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How to install .rpm to .deb Converter (Alien)

sudo apt-get install alien

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How to install Integrated Development Environment (Anjuta)

sudo apt-get install anjuta
  • Applications -> Programming -> Anjuta IDE

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How to install C# Integrated Development Environment (MonoDevelop)

sudo apt-get install mono mono-gmcs mono-gac mono-utils monodevelop

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How to install Java Integrated Development Environment (Eclipse)

sudo apt-get install eclipse
  • By default Eclipse will use GNU's java instead of Sun's. This will make Eclipse run very slowly and crash from time to time. To solve this problem, we will use Sun's JVM.
  • Install Sun JRE:
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin sun-java5-bin sun-java5-fonts
  • Make Sun's JVM default:
sudo update-alternatives --config java
  • Choose the line that says
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/bin/java.
  • Edit the JVM Configuration file:
gksudo gedit /etc/jvm

# This file defines the default system JVM search order. Each
# JVM should list their JAVA_HOME compatible directory in this file.
# The default system JVM is the first one available from top to
# bottom.
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun
/usr/lib/jvm/java-gcj
/usr/lib/jvm/ia32-java-1.5.0-sun
/usr
  • Next, we need to tell Eclipse to use this JVM as well. This can be done on systemlevel or userlevel.
  • System:
gksudo gedit /etc/eclipse/java_home

# This file determines the search order the Eclipse Platform uses to find a
# compatible JAVA_HOME. This setting may be overridden on a per-user basis by
# altering the JAVA_HOME setting in ~/.eclipse/eclipserc.
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun
/usr/lib/jvm/java-gcj
/usr/lib/kaffe/pthreads
/usr/lib/j2se/1.5
/usr/lib/j2se/1.4
/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-ibm
/usr/lib/j2sdk1.4-ibm
/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun
/usr/lib/j2sdk1.4-sun
  • User:
gedit ~/.eclipse/eclipserc

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/
  • Applications -> Development -> Eclipse

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How to install 3D modeling tool (Blender 3d)

sudo apt-get install blender
  • Applications -> Graphics -> Blender 3D modeller

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How to install game Tuxracer

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-data planetpenguin-racer-extras
  • Applications -> Games -> planetpenguin-racer

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How to install game Frozen-Bubble

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
  • Applications -> Games -> Frozen-Bubble

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How to install game Scorched3D

sudo apt-get install scorched3d
gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/scorched3d.desktop
  • Insert the following lines into the new file
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Scorched 3D
Comment=A 3D Remake Of Scorched Earth
Exec=scorched3d
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Game;ArcadeGame;
  • Save the edited file
  • Applications -> Games -> Scorched 3D

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How to install real-time-strategy game (globulation 2 alpha21)

wget http://globulation2.org/releases/0.8.21/glob2_alpha21_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i glob2_alpha21_i386.deb

you might also need to install dependencies if dpkg returns a dependency error 

sudo apt-get -f install

to play use command 

glob2

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How to install virtual planetarium (Stellarium)

sudo apt-get install stellarium
  • Applications -> Other -> Stellarium

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How to install Google Toolbar for Firefox

The current version of Google Toolbar works fine with Firefox 1.5.0.7 in Ubuntu 6.06 In Firefox, click the link below http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/toolbar/ then click on the big download button. The official Google version doesn't work with Firefox 2.0 on Ubuntu Edgy for now, but there's a rebuild which works - Google Toolbar Edgy (download this file and open in Firefox 2.0), you can read more information about it on UbuntuForums.org thread Warning! This is unsigned extension, use it at your own risk.

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How to install Google Earth

wget -c http://dl.google.com/earth/GE4/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
sudo sh GoogleEarthLinux.bin
  • Leave /usr/local/google-earth as the installation path
  • After installation click Exit. If you instead chose to run the application, read the Note below.
sudo cp /usr/local/google-earth/googleearth.desktop /usr/share/applications/
  • Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth
  • Note: If you run Google Earth for the first time from the installer, it will require root privileges to run the next time. To fix that:
sudo chmod 777 -R ~/.googleearth

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How to install KDE Edutainment applications

sudo apt-get install kdeedu
  • Applications -> Education -> ...

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How to install Internet Explorer + Flash 9 (IEs4Linux)

This will install a wine'd version of Internet Explorer 6 with Flash 9, as well as IE 5.5/5.01 if you really want them.

  • Note: This installed Flash 9 will NOT be available in browsers other than IE.
  • Install Cabextract. Open a terminal and run
sudo apt-get install cabextract
  • Open a terminal and run this:
wget http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
cd ies4linux-*
./ies4linux

Do not run this as root (no sudo), as this can cause the script to malfunction and ruin your X configuration.

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How to install Python Development Tools

Python Dev Tools 

sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev python-dev python-setuptools python2.4-profiler

Install EZ Setup (tool for installing Python stuff) 

wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
sudo python ez_setup.py

Upgrade Setup Tools 

sudo easy_install -U --script-dir /usr/local/bin setuptools

Install TurboGears Framework (optional) 

sudo easy_install --script-dir /usr/local/bin TurboGears

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How to install Windows Applications in Linux (Wine)

Wine Is Not an Emulator. Wine is an Open Source implementation of the Windows API on top of X and Unix. Think of Wine as a compatibility layer for running Windows programs. Wine does not require Microsoft Windows, as it is a completely free alternative implementation of the Windows API consisting of 100% non-Microsoft code, however Wine can optionally use native Windows DLLs if they are available. In other words, Wine will let you run Windows applications in Linux.

  • First, add repository for Wine:
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following lines at the end of this file
# Repository for wine
deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt dapper main
  • Save the edited file
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

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How to install a Drop Down Terminal like in First Person Shooters (tilda)

Do you want a console like in a first person shooter? Tilda should take care of you. 

sudo apt-get install tilda
  • The default keybinding is F1. To change the default keybinding, either enter tilda -C at the terminal, or right click on the tilda terminal then click Preferences. While in preferences, you can change other things such as transparency, font, size, and window size.

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Other Desktop Environments

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How to install KDE

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

Note: This installation will require ~400MB of disk space

  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to KDE click on Sessions and choose KDE

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How to install XFCE

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
  • System -> Log Out -> Log Out
  • To log in to XFCE click on Sessions and choose XFCE

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How to install XFCE 4.4 preview versions (4.3.90.1)

  • to install Xfce 4.4 beta 1 (4.3.90.1) on a fresh install of Dapper:
sudo apt-get install build-essential gcc pkg-config libglib2.0-0 \
libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev libxml++2.6c2a libxml++2.6-dev \
libvte-dev libvte4 a2ps libxpm-dev libxpm4 alsa-source alsa alsa-base \
alsa-oss alsa-utils libxml-parser-perl libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libdbh1.0-dev

chmod +x xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
sudo ./xfce4-4.3.90.1-installer.bin
  • on installer, use default setting, except:

Extensive Optimizations, can be truned on for 386Use ALSA for the Xfce Mixer, can be turned off(see http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=4697&)

  • finally to enable Xfce, you may need to enable it on the desktop manager (mark allow Xfce manage desktop)

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How to install FluxBox

Here's some Screenshots. Fluxbox is a popular minimalist Window Manager. 

sudo apt-get install fluxbox

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Make it start when you login thru GDM
echo "exec startfluxbox" > ~/.xinitrc

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Make it make the pretty sound on login
sudo apt-get install sox
gedit ~/.fluxbox/startup
  • Find this line:
exec /usr/local/bin/fluxbox
  • Put this above it somewhere:
play /usr/share/sounds/login.wav > /dev/null 2>&1 &
  • Listen happily.

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Eye Candy

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How to install Xgl/Compiz (Nvidia)

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Find this section
Section "Module"
Load    "i2c"
Load    "bitmap"
...
Load    "type1"
Load    "vbe"
EndSection
  • Comment out dri and GLcore (if present)
#    Load    "dri"
#       Load    "GLcore"
  • Make sure the glx module is loaded
Load "glx"
  • Find this section (your values may vary)
Section "Device"
Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Driver          "nv"
BusID           "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection
  • Replace with the following lines, leaving the Identifier and BusID as it is
Section "Device"
...
Driver          "nvidia"
...
Option          "RenderAccel"           "true"
Option          "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true"
EndSection
  • Find this section
Section "Screen"
Identifier      "Default Screen"
Device          "NVIDIA Corporation NV34M [GeForce FX Go5200]"
Monitor         "Generic Monitor"
DefaultDepth    16
  • Make sure DefaultDepth is set to 24, if it isn't already
DefaultDepth 24
  • Save the edited file
  • Install Xgl/Compiz
sudo apt-get install compiz xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 compiz-gnome
sudo cp /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom-backup
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom
  • Replace everything with the following lines
# GDM Configuration Customization file.
#
# This file is the appropriate place for specifying your customizations to the
# GDM configuration.   If you run gdmsetup, it will automatically edit this
# file for you and will cause the daemon and any running GDM GUI programs to
# automatically update with the new configuration.  Not all configuration
# options are supported by gdmsetup, so to modify some values it may be
# necessary to modify this file directly by hand.
#
# To hand-edit this file, simply add or modify the key=value combination in
# the appropriate section in the template below.  Refer to the comments in the
# gdm.conf file for information about each option.  Also refer to the reference
# documentation.
#
# If you hand edit a GDM configuration file, you should run the following
# command to get the GDM daemon to notice the change.  Any running GDM GUI
# programs will also be notified to update with the new configuration.
#
# gdmflexiserver --command="UPDATE_CONFIG <configuration key>"
#
# For example, the "Enable" key in the "[debug]" section would be specified by
# "debug/Enable".
#
# You can also run gdm-restart or gdm-safe-restart to cause GDM to restart and
# re-read the new configuration settings.  You can also restart GDM by sending
# a HUP or USR1 signal to the daemon.  HUP behaves like gdm-restart and causes
# any user session started by GDM to exit immediately while USR1 behaves like
# gdm-safe-restart and will wait until all users log out before restarting GDM.
#
# For full reference documentation see the gnome help browser under
# GNOME|System category.  You can also find the docs in HTML form on
# http://www.gnome.org/projects/gdm/
#
# NOTE: Lines that begin with "#" are considered comments.
#
# Have fun!
[daemon]
[security]
[xdmcp]
[gui]
[greeter]
[chooser]
[debug]
[servers]# Override display 1 to use Xgl
0=Xgl
[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :0 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:fbo
flexible=true
  • Create a script that runs Xgl/Compiz on startup
gksudo gedit /usr/bin/thefuture
  • Insert the following lines into the new file. Replace .us with appropriate keyboard binding for your region. Eg .gb for United Kingdom. For a full list of keyboard bindings, type ls /usr/share/xmodmap in a terminal. If unsure, leave as .us (United States)
#!/bin/bash (-)
gnome-window-decorator &  compiz --replace gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place switcher &
xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us
  • Save the file
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/thefuture
  • To run compiz for this session
thefuture
  • To have compiz load on startup
  • System -> Preferences -> Sessions
    • Startup Programs -> Add
/usr/bin/thefuture
  • Troubleshooting
  • If Xgl/Compiz doesn't seem to work, or you get errors, simply restart your machine after adding "thefuture" to Startup programs
    • If moving windows slows down the system, run gconf-editor from the terminal. Find apps/compiz/general/screen0/options. Disable detect_refresh_rate and set refresh rate to 60. Everything should work fine now...
    • If you are using a non default keyboard layout (other language), you might have to change it back to what you need if the keyboard acts funny at System/Settings/Keyboard.
    • You can also set the Super-key to the windows button here.
    • If you don't want "bottom expanded panel", type "killall gnome-panel" in terminal.
  • Tips
  • Switch windows = Alt + Tab
    • Arrange and View All Windows = F12 turns on or off; clicking a window will zoom it to the front
    • Switch desktops on cube = Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
    • Switch desktops on cube - with active window following = Ctrl + Shift + Alt + Left/Right Arrow
    • Rotate cube manually = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
    • Make window translucent/opaque = currently only possible with the "transset" utility
    • Zoom-in once = Super-key right-click
    • Zoom-in manually = Super-key + wheel mouse up
    • Zoom-out manually = Super-key + wheel mouse down
    • Move window = Alt + left-click
    • Snap Move window (will stick to borders) = Ctrl + Alt + left-click
    • Resize window = Alt + right-click

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How to install Xgl/Beryl (ATI)

(From Beryl Forums)

First make sure you have 3d acceleration available in a normal gnome session. There are lots of howtos for this , Google if you need any help with that. So if glxinfo shows direct rendering: yes , then you are good to go. If not xgl and Beryl wont work!

  • Update your system
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  • Prepare and update repositories
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add quinstorms' and reggaemanus' repositories to /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://www.beerorkid.com/compiz/ dapper main
deb http://xgl.compiz.info/ dapper main
deb-src http://xgl.compiz.info/ dapper main
  • Download and import the gpg key for quinnstorms repository
wget http://www.beerorkid.com/compiz/quinn.key.asc -O - | sudo apt-key add -
  • Update your sources
sudo apt-get update
  • Install needed packages
sudo apt-get install xserver-xgl libgl1-mesa xserver-xorg libglitz-glx1 beryl beryl-core beryl-manager beryl-plugins beryl-plugins-data beryl-settings emerald emerald-themes
  • Make a startup script for xgl
sudo gedit /usr/bin/startxgl.sh
  • Add to script
Xgl -fullscreen :1 -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:pbuffer & sleep 2 && DISPLAY=:1
# Start GNOME
exec gnome-session
  • Make the script executable
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/startxgl.sh
  • Make a xgl session for the login manager
sudo gedit /usr/share/xsessions/xgl.desktop
  • Add to session
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=XGl
Exec=/usr/bin/startxgl.sh
Icon=
Type=Application
  • add
beryl
emerald

to gnome session startup programs. ( go to system , preferences , sessions and select the startup programs tab )

  • Reboot
  • In the login manager you can now choose a session named Xgl
  • Answer to following question that you want to use Xgl for this session only (if something went wrong you are logged in next time using standard session)
  • If everything works fine , you can set it as the default session , remember you can always login a normal gnome session if you want.
  • If you own an x series radeon and have problems with lockups, read this post:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=150854 Note for all cards: glxinfo will show that direct rendering is not working , dont worry thats normal when you are running xgl.

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How to install Beryl/AIGLX (Nvidia)

(From Ubuntu Forums)

  • Ensure all packages up to date
Install your *ubuntu-desktop metapackage specific to your DE, e.g. sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  • Add repositories
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add the following line at the end of this file:
deb http://beryl-mirror.lupine.me.uk/ edgy main-edgy

(If you need the 64bit beryl add this to the repository list) 

deb http://ubuntu.lupine.me.uk/ edgy main-amd64
  • Add key
wget http://beryl-mirror.lupine.me.uk/quinn.key.asc -O - | sudo apt-key add -
  • Save the edited file
sudo apt-get update
  • Install Beryl
sudo apt-get install beryl-core beryl-plugins beryl-plugins-data emerald beryl-settings beryl-manager beryl beryl-dev emerald-themes
  • Back up xorg.conf
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • Add this to xorg.conf "Screen" section
# Enable 32-bit ARGB GLX Visuals
Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
# If you are using an older version of compiz that
# does not support rendering into the Composite
# Overlay Window, you will need to disable clipping
# of GLX rendering to the X Root window with this
# option, or you will get a blank screen after
# starting compiz:
Option "DisableGLXRootClipping" "True"
  • Add this to xorg.conf "Device" section
Option          "TripleBuffer" "true"
  • Restart X with ctrl+alt+backspace
  • Start Beryl
beryl-manager

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How to install Beryl/AIGLX (Intel i915)

Follow the how-to on beryl project wiki. If that does not work, check if you have direct rendering enabled (type into the terminal): 

glxinfo | grep direct

The output should be: 

direct rendering: Yes

If the output says No, check you have direct rendering manager loaded: 

lsmod|grep 915

The output should be: 

i915   21632  3
drm    74644  4 i915
tsdev   9152  0

If it shows only tsdev line, you can try to configure xorg.conf to driver i810, restart, CTRL-ALT-F1 to terminal session and configure xorg.conf back to use i915. That helped me.

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How to install alternate boot splash screen

  • This installs a minimalistic splash screen that appears when the computer is booting up and shutting down. It is devoid of any text messages.
wget -c http://www.users.on.net/~stubby/usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo dpkg -i usplash-minimalistic_0.1.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so
  • Select the minimalistic alternative (/usr/local/lib/usplash/minimalastic.so) by entering the corresponding number. If you ever want to revert back to the original splash, select the default (/usr/lib/usplash/usplash-default.so)
  • Restart your computer to see the effects

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Commercial Applications

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How to install Windows 9X/ME/2000/XP (Win4Lin)

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How to install Windows Applications (CrossOver Office)

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How to install Windows Games (Cedega)

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User Administration

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How to set/change/enable root user password

sudo passwd root

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How to disable root user account

sudo passwd -l root

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How to allow root user to login into GNOME

  • System -> Administration -> Login Screen Setup
  • Login Screen Setup
Security Tab -> Security -> Allow root to login with GDM ('''Checked''')

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How to switch to root user in Console mode

sudo -s -H
Password: <specify user password>

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How to add/edit/delete system users

  • System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups
Users Tab -> Add User.../Properties/Delete

or 

sudo useradd jim
sudo userdel jim
  • For more info read
man usermod

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How to add/edit/delete system groups

  • System -> Administration -> Users and Groups
  • Users and Groups
Groups Tab -> Add Group.../Properties/Delete

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How to automatic login into GNOME (not secure)

  • System -> Administration -> Login Window
Security Tab -> Enable Automatic Login ('''Checked''')
Now choose a user from the drop-down menu.

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How to allow more sudoers

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo
  • Append the following line at the end of file
system_username      ALL=(ALL) ALL
  • Save the edited file

OR since everyone in the admin group can use sudo: 

sudo adduser a_username admin

This appends the admin group to the user's supplementary group list. They will now have sudo access.

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How to use "sudo" without prompt for password (not secure)

EDITOR=gedit sudo visudo
  • Find this line
...
system_username ALL=(ALL) ALL
...
  • Replace with the following line
system_username      ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
  • Save the edited file

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How to explicitly destroy the "sudo" session

sudo -K

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How to change files/folders permissions

Right click on files/folders -> '''Properties'''

Permissions Tab -> Read/Write/Execute (Checked the permissions for Owner/Group/Others)

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How to change files/folders ownership

sudo chown system_username /location_of_files_or_folders

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How to change files/folders group ownership

sudo chgrp system_groupname /location_of_files_or_folders

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Hardware

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Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox

Just add two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox. This should work with most 5-button mouse. Here is a list of mice that worked with this instruction.

  • Logitech MX510
  • Logitech MX518
  • Logitech MX700
  • Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)

Backup Gnome configuration file 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

Modify the Gnome configuration file 

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below. You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7, just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons (remember back/forward, wheel click & tilt left/right all count as buttons) Change: 

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
EndSection

to: 

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Option "CorePointer"
...
Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
...
Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
Option "Buttons" "7"
Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

At this point you can reboot your computer or reboot Gnome (Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in FireFox. They still won't work in Nautilus yet until you install the imwheel dameon.

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Install & Configure IMWheel

  • Install IMWheel
sudo apt-get install imwheel
  • Modify IMWheel configuration file
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/imwheel/imwheelrc
  • Insert the following at the bottom of this existing file
".*"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right
"(null)"
None, Up, Alt_L|Left
None, Down, Alt_L|Right
  • Create IMWheel start-up script
sudo mkdir /home/login
gksudo gedit /home/login/mouse
  • Insert the following into this new file
#!/bin/sh (-)
exec xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5" &
exec imwheel -k -b "67" &
exec $REALSTARTUP
  • Grant execution for everyone to this new script
sudo chmod +x /home/login/mouse
  • Configure this script to be executed at start-up
  • Select 'System' > 'Preferences' > 'Sessions'
  • Click the StartUp tab
  • Click Add, then input: /home/login/mouse
  • Click OK, then Close
  • Reboot your computer or your Gnome environment and then test your back/forward mouse buttons in Nautilus

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How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-kernel-common
sudo nvidia-xconfig
  • Should the above not enable the new driver, you can enable it manually by opening the X config file:
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  • and replacing "nv" with "nvidia"
  • Enable XvMC by creating the nVidia XvMC configuration file
sudo gedit /etc/X11/XvMCConfig
  • Insert the following line into the new configuration file, to tell the players the name of the nVidia XvMC shared library:
libXvMCNVIDIA_dynamic.so.1
  • To use XvMC to accelerate video playback, use the following flags. See [[2]] for more details.
xine -V xxmc filename.ts
mplayer -vo xvmc -vc ffmpeg12mc filename.ts

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How to install Beta Graphics Driver (NVIDIA)

  • Thanks to Alberto Milone
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Add ONE of the following lines based on your architecture
deb http://albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/nonlegacy/32bit binary/
deb http://albertomilone.com/drivers/edgy/nonlegacy/64bit binary/
  • Save the edited file
  • Add the GPG key
wget http://albertomilone.com/drivers/tseliot.asc
gpg --import tseliot.asc
gpg --export --armor [email protected] | sudo apt-key add -
  • Update and install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
sudo apt-get upgrade
  • The upgrade should update your linux-restricted-modules & linux-restricted-modules-common packages.
sudo nvidia-xconfig
  • Restart the computer and your new drivers should be installed.

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How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with default X.org NVIDIA drivers

  • Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The default nVidia drivers shipped with X.org ("nv") support software screen rotation. Note that it's unaccelerated and can be slow, read #How to install Graphics Driver (NVIDIA) if you decide to install the proprietary driver.
  • To rotate the screen find the "Device" section for the "nv" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file:
Section "Device"
Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
Driver          "nv"
  • Add the following options to this section:
Option "Rotate" "CW"

Where the "Rotate" option has two possible values (depending on the orientation of the monitor):

  1. CW - rotate the display clockwise (right). HTML()

    How to setup pivot (screen rotation) with proprietary NVIDIA drivers

    • Some LCD monitors are equipped with the pivot feature, to take advantage of it the display has to be rotated 90 degrees. The proprietary nVidia drivers support hardware rotation with the Xrandr extension.
    • To enable rotation support find the "Device" section for the "nvidia" driver in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file:
    Section "Device"
Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]"
Driver          "nvidia"
    • Add the following option to this section:
    Option          "RandRRotation" "on"
    • Then the display can be rotated (direction depends on the orientation of the monitor) by:
    • Setting the "Rotation" property to either "Left" or "Right" in the "System > Preferences > Screen Resolution" dialog.
    • Issuing either "xrandr -o left" or "xrandr -o right" command.

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    How to disable NVIDIA graphics logo on GNOME startup

    sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    • Find this section
    ...
Section "Device"
Identifier      "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]"
Driver          "nvidia"
BusID           "PCI:1:0:0"
...
    • Add the following line below it
    Option               "NoLogo"
    • Save the edited file

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    How to install Graphics Driver (ATI)

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    How to install Graphics Driver (Intel)

    Note: This driver is for Intel® 82830M, 82845G, 82852GM, 82855GM, 82865G, and 82915G/GM graphics controller-based products only. 

    wget -c http://downloadmirror.intel.com/df-support/8211/eng/dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo alien dri-I915-v1.1-20041217.i386.rpm
sudo dpkg -i dri-i915_v1.1-20041218_i386.deb

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    How to Correct the Graphics Resolution (Intel)

    • Intel 915g, 945g, etc. graphics chipsets only have a limited set of resolutions initially installed, despite the correct driver being detected.
    • Install the resolution altering tool:
    sudo apt-get install 915resolution
    • Run the following to see the availible modes:
    915resolution -l
    • Choose a resolution you don't need and replace, for example the following changes 1920x1440 to 1920x1200
    915resolution 5c 1920 1200
    • This should add the option for that resolution to the "System>Preferences>Screen Resolution" tool.
    • If it works correctly then you can make the change permanent:
    sudo gedit /etc/rc.local
    • Simply add the command you typed in above before:
    exit 0

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    How to detect CPU temperature, fan speeds and voltages (lm-sensors)

    sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

    Create file called mkdev.sh, and paste in the following 

    #!/bin/bash (-)
# Here you can set several defaults.
# The number of devices to create (max: 256)
NUMBER=32
# The owner and group of the devices
OUSER=root
OGROUP=root
# The mode of the devices
MODE=600
# This script doesn't need to be run if devfs is used
if [ -r /proc/mounts ] ; then
if grep -q "/dev devfs" /proc/mounts ; then
echo "You do not need to run this script as your system uses devfs."
exit;
fi
fi
i=0;
while [ $i -lt $NUMBER ] ; do
echo /dev/i2c-$i
mknod -m $MODE /dev/i2c-$i c 89 $i || exit
chown "$OUSER:$OGROUP" /dev/i2c-$i || exit
i=$[$i + 1]
done
#end of file

    Make this file executable, then run it 

    sudo chmod +x mkdev.sh
./mkdev.sh

    Now detect sensors, and answer "y" to all questions. 

    sudo sensors-detect

    Load the modules into kernel 

    sensors -s

    Now, let's see the output 

    sensors

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    How to control fan speed (lm-sensors)

    Install and config lm-sensors first, see section above. Then run pwmconfig to test your fans 

    pwmconfig

    If you can control fan speeds, great. Now creat a file called /etc/init.d/fancontrol, and paste in the following 

    #!/bin/sh (-)
#
# Fancontrol start script.
#
set -e
# Defaults
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/fancontrol
PIDFILE=/var/run/fancontrol-pid
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
test -f $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
case "$1" in
start)
log_begin_msg "Starting fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --start -o -q -m -b -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON
log_end_msg $?
 ;;
stop)
log_begin_msg "Stopping fancontrol daemon..."
start-stop-daemon --stop -o -q -p $PIDFILE
log_end_msg $?
 ;;
force-reload|restart)
sh $0 stop
sh $0 start
 ;;
*)
log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/fancontrol {start|stop|restart|force-reload}"
log_success_msg "  start - starts system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg "  stop  - stops system-wide fancontrol service"
log_success_msg "  restart, force-reload - starts a new system-wide fancontrol service"
exit 1
 ;;
esac
exit 0

    Make it excutable 

    sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/fancontrol

    Test it 

    /etc/init.d/fancontrol start

    and 

    /etc/init.d/fancontrol stop

    If it works fine, autoload it when you reboot. Insert the following line into /etc/rc.local, before "exit 0" 

    /etc/init.d/fancontrol start

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    How to show nvidia GPU temperature (nvidia-settings)

    At a terminal, type 

    nvidia-settings

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    How to monitor CPU, GPU temperatures, fan speeds and voltages (GKrellM)

    • Install hddtemp first to monitor hard drive temperatures
    sudo apt-get install hddtemp

    GKrellM is a hardware monitor that can display CPU and GPU temperatures, fan speeds, voltages, CPU load, network load, disk activity, disk temperature, memory usage, and swap usage. The installation is very easy, and configuration is just a few mouse-clicks. You can set alerts to warn you if the CPU is too hot or there is a fan failure. The hddtemp utility works with GKrellM to allow it to sense the disk temperature, as keeping your disks cool (e.g. less than around 40C) will allow them to last longer than if they run continually at higher temperatures (e.g. above 50C). 

    sudo apt-get install gkrellm

    To run the program 

    Click Applications -> System Tools -> GKrellM

    To configure the settings, 

    Right click on GKrellM -> Configuration

    I was struggling with lm_sensors before, but it doesn't detect all of the sensors on my computer. Later I found "GKrellM". It displays the GPU temperature on my nVidia 6600 GT out of the box. GKrellM also has plugins that show weather info, set reminders, etc. Add an audio alert (optional Step): Here is how to play an audio message when the CPU is too hot or a fan fails. First you need to find or record your own audio alert files. (I use Audacity to record my own.) Then go to: 

    Configuration -> Builtins folder (Left side)-> Sensors -> Temperatures folder (Right side)-> CPU -> Alerts Button

    Paste ONE of the following lines into a Terminal window first to test the sound. If you have two sound cards, you can use "-ao oss:/dev/dsp1" option to route the sound to the second sound card. Modify the file path and name so it points to the correct file. If you can hear the sound, then copy that line to a command line text field on the GKrellM's Alerts window. 

    mplayer /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3
mplayer -ao oss:/dev/dsp1 /home/myfolder/alert_messages/heat_alert.mp3

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    How to identify Modem chipset

    • To install Modem chipset identifier
    wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/scanModem.gz
gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem
chmod +x scanModem
sudo cp scanModem /usr/bin/
    • To identify Modem chipset
    sudo scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

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    How to install Windows Wireless Drivers (Ndiswrapper)

    • In order to install ndiswrapper you need a copy the windows drivers for your Wireless ethernet device.
    • Find out if you have acx module loaded. Because acx module interferes with windows driver, we need to remove it if it is found.
    lsmod | grep acx
    • Remove the acx module if found. It could also be acx_pci or similar. Please Note: New kernel updates will auto load the acx module again. So repeat the following two commands every time the kernel is updated.
    sudo rmmod acx
sudo mv /lib/modules/2.6.15-26-386/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/acx /root/
    • Install ndiswrapper and drivers (due to a bug in Edgy, you need to specify ndiswrapper-utils-1.8)
    sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.8
sudo ndiswrapper -i /location_of_your_wireless_driver/your_driver.inf
sudo ndiswrapper -l
sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
    • Set ndiswrapper to load on startup
    sudo ndiswrapper -m
gksudo gedit /etc/modules
    • Add the following module to the list
    ndiswrapper
    • Now you can configure your wireless card with ifconfig and iwconfig.

    e.g. Supposing wlan0 is your wireless device. 

    sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "AP" key ababababababababab mode Managed
iwconfig
    • You sould now be able to see the MAC address of the access point and signal rate.

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    Ndiswrapper for Broadcom 43xx wireless chipset

    • The Broadcom 43xx (bcm43xx) wireless chipset is one of the most common chipsets, so special scripts have been written for it.
    • Only follow this if you have a bcm43xx device. To check in the Terminal type:
    lspci | grep Broadcom\ Corporation

    If it displays a line similar to this, 

    0000:02:02.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 03)

    you have a Broadcom wireless chipset. Please proceed with the instructions.

    • Put the Ubuntu CD that you installed Ubuntu with in the CD drive.
    • Download this to the desktop (the Firefox default, so if you haven't changed it, that's where it went/will go).
    • In a terminal type
    cd ~/Desktop (or wherever you downloaded the file)
tar -xf bcm4318*.tar.gz
sudo ./ndiswrapper_setup

    Your wireless chipset should now work. Try rebooting if you have problems. Please see this thread if you have problems: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=197102&highlight=install+ndiswrapper

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    How to enable WPA with Ndiswrapper driver

    • First, make sure the Ndiswrapper driver works by itself without encryption.
    • Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, and paste in the following. Modify the ssid and psk values.
    ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
network={
ssid="YourWiFiSSID"
psk="YourWiFiPassword"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
proto=WPA
pairwise=TKIP
}
    • Test it. Make sure your router is broadcasting its SSID.
    sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -dd
    • If you WPA works. Load it automatically when you reboot.
    gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
    • Change your wlan0 section to the following.

    If you are using static IP: 

    auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant

    or this, if you are using dhcp. 

    auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
pre-up wpa_supplicant -Bw -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
post-down killall -q wpa_supplicant
    • Reboot

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    How to install Modem Driver (SmartLink)

    uname -r (must be 2.6.10-5-386)
wget -c http://easylinux.info/uploads/sl-modem-modules-2.6.10-5-386_2.9.9a-1ubuntu2+2.6.10-34_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i sl-modem-modules-*.deb
sudo apt-get install sl-modem-daemon

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    How to configure PalmOS Devices

    gksudo gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/10-custom.rules
    • Insert the following line into the new file
    BUS="usb", SYSFS{product}="Palm Handheld*", KERNEL="ttyUSB*", NAME{ignore_remove}="pilot", MODE="666"
    • Save the edited file
    • Add the pilot-applet to the Taskbar by Right-Clicking on an empty spot
    • Follow the instructions on screen

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    How to list partition tables

    sudo fdisk -l
    • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

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    How to list filesystem disk space usage

    df -Th
    • You can also use System -> Administration -> Disks

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    How to list mounted devices

    mount

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    How to list PCI devices

    lspci

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    How to list USB devices

    lsusb

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    How to speed up CD/DVD-ROM

    e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 

    sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup
gksudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
    • Append the following lines at the end of file
    /dev/cdrom {
dma = on
}
    • Save the edited file

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    How to mount/unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually, and show all hidden and associated files/folders

    e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

    • To mount CD/DVD-ROM
    sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
    • To unmount CD/DVD-ROM
    sudo umount /media/cdrom0/

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    How to forcefully unmount CD/DVD-ROM manually

    e.g. Assumed that /media/cdrom0/ is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 

    sudo umount /media/cdrom0/ -l

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    How to remount /etc/fstab without rebooting

    sudo mount -a

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    How to install a Wacom tablet

    For a detailed guide with screenshots about how to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications, please follow the official Dapper guide at https://wiki.ubuntu.com//Wacom With the version of the Linux Wacom driver (0.7.2) in Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake, if you unplug you tablet, it won't function when you plug it back in and you will have to restart X. For this reason, it is best to leave the tablet plugged in. This limitation will be removed when the 0.7.4 version of the driver is included in Ubuntu.

    • 1. Using Synaptic package manager, check if the packages xserver-xorg-input-wacom and wacom-tools are already installed - if not, install them. If you prefer using the command line, you can also execute :
    sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-wacom wacom-tools
    • 2. Save a copy of your /etc/X11/xorg.conf :
    sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
    • then edit it with the command line :
    gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    • and change all /dev/wacom occurences into /dev/input/wacom (created by wacom-tools udev scripts), then save the file.
    • You should be ready to go after you have restarted X. Remember to configure the "Extended input devices" in your graphic applications (Gimp, Inkscape), however you can already check if it's working by moving your stylus on the tablet : the mouse cursor should go through the whole screen.

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    How to enable Multicore Support

    如何启用多核心支持

    • Starting Edgy, you no longer need to do this. Just use the default linux-generic and you will get SMP support automagicly. This section can and should be ignore.
      • 启动Edgy，您无须手动启用了。只需使用缺省的inux-generic你就能自动获得SMP支持。本部分可以也应当被忽略。（晕:(）
    • This should work for both Multicore systems and SMP systems
      • 这对多核心系统和SMP系统都有效
    sudo apt-get install linux-686-smp
    • You can check that this works by running the following and seeing two CPUs listed
      • 您可以通过运行如下命令检查是否起效，可见两个CPU被列出
    cat /proc/cpuinfo

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    How to enable Large Widescreen Support

    如何启用大尺寸宽屏支持

    /!\ Edit conflict - other version:

    • 24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200. 24/23" 宽屏监视器有时运行1920x1200分辨率会出问题
    • Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display. 例子包括：Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display

    /!\ Edit conflict - your version:

    • 24/23" widescreen monitors sometimes have issues running 1920x1200. 24/23" 宽屏监视器有时运行1920x1200分辨率会出问题
    • Examples include: Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display. 例子包括：Dell 2405, HP 2335 or an Apple Cinema Display

    /!\ End of edit conflict 

    sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    • Add the following line to the appropriate "Monitor" section
    Modeline     "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
    • For example the HP2335 should now look like:
    Section "Monitor"
Identifier      "hp L2335"
Option          "DPMS"
Modeline        "1920x1200" 154 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235
EndSection

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    How to setup the surround speakers (5.1 and others) with ALSA

    • Edit the ~/.asoundrc file, create it if it doesn't exist:
    gedit ~/.asoundrc
    • Enter the following section:
    pcm.!default {
type plug
slave.pcm "surround51"
slave.channels 6
route_policy duplicate
}
    • This will allow to play the surround output and duplicate the stereo output to all 6 channels (not only front ones).

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    How to configure Apple Mighty Mouse

    Apple Mighty Mouse works out of the box, this how to should cover setting up of horizontal scrolling using ball and sidebuttons. This is placeholder only. Please, provide working howto.

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    CD/DVD Burning

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    How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW

    e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 

    sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

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    How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD

    nautilus burn:///
    • File Browser: CD/DVD Creator
    • Drag files/folders into window
    File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

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    How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD

    Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

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    How to duplicate CD/DVD

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    How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD

    e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM 

    sudo umount /dev/cdrom
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso bs=1024

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    How to create Image (ISO) files from folders

    mkisofs -r -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

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    How to generate MD5 checksum files

    md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

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    How to check MD5 checksum of files

    e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder 

    md5sum -c file.iso.md5

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    How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning

    • To mount Image (ISO) file
    sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop
    • To unmount Image (ISO) file
    sudo umount /media/iso/

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    How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner

    • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
    • Configuration Editor
    / -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

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    How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner

    • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
    • Configuration Editor
    / -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof ('''Checked''')

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    How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner

    • Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
    • Configuration Editor
    / -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn ('''Checked''')

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    Networking

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    How to configure Google Talk

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    How to activate/deactivate network connections

    • System -> Administration -> Networking
    • Network settings
    Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> Activate/Deactivate

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    How to configure network connections

    • System -> Administration -> Networking
    • Network settings
    Connections Tab -> Select "Ethernet connection" -> '''Properties'''
Connection -> Enable this connection
取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=老旧文章/EdgyGuide&oldid=136562”