“UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
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{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows}} | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows}} | ||
#title Switching to Ubuntu from Windows | #title Switching to Ubuntu from Windows | ||
| − | This community-written page discusses practical differences between Windows and Ubuntu | + | This community-written page discusses practical differences between Windows and Ubuntu. |
== Installing Programs == | == Installing Programs == | ||
Windows software comes in `.exe` files, which you are expected to get from the web or from a store. Ubuntu software comes in ''packages'', which are installed and updated through a centralised system, like a more powerful version of ''Windows Update'' and ''Add/Remove Programs''. | Windows software comes in `.exe` files, which you are expected to get from the web or from a store. Ubuntu software comes in ''packages'', which are installed and updated through a centralised system, like a more powerful version of ''Windows Update'' and ''Add/Remove Programs''. | ||
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<<Include(../PopularPrograms)>> | <<Include(../PopularPrograms)>> | ||
=== Firewalls and antivirus software === | === Firewalls and antivirus software === | ||
| − | Ubuntu's main firewall program is called '' | + | Ubuntu's main firewall program is called ''ufw'' ([[UbuntuHelp:apt:gufw|click here to install gufw]]). There are currently very few Linux viruses in the wild, so Ubuntu doesn't come with antivirus software installed. See [[UbuntuHelp:Antivirus|Antivirus]] for more information. |
=== The Terminal === | === The Terminal === | ||
Linux includes a text-based interface like `cmd.exe`, called the ''terminal''. Many Linux guides ask you to run commands in the terminal, which should be available from ''Applications > Accessories > Terminal''. See [[UbuntuHelp:UsingTheTerminal|Using the Terminal]] for more information. | Linux includes a text-based interface like `cmd.exe`, called the ''terminal''. Many Linux guides ask you to run commands in the terminal, which should be available from ''Applications > Accessories > Terminal''. See [[UbuntuHelp:UsingTheTerminal|Using the Terminal]] for more information. | ||
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Linux doesn't use drive letters, so there's no `C:` drive and no `D:` drive. You'll get used to Linux's filesystem gradually, but for now here are the most important locations: | Linux doesn't use drive letters, so there's no `C:` drive and no `D:` drive. You'll get used to Linux's filesystem gradually, but for now here are the most important locations: | ||
/home/<your user name>:: This is your ''home folder'', which is fairly similar to ''My Documents'' in Windows. You can access this folder by clicking '''Places''' > '''Home Folder'''.<<BR>>Because this folder is used so often, many programs refer to it as "$HOME" or "~" ("tilde", pronounced "till-der". For example, saving a file as `~/my-file.txt` is the same as saving it as `/home/<your user name>/my-file.txt` | /home/<your user name>:: This is your ''home folder'', which is fairly similar to ''My Documents'' in Windows. You can access this folder by clicking '''Places''' > '''Home Folder'''.<<BR>>Because this folder is used so often, many programs refer to it as "$HOME" or "~" ("tilde", pronounced "till-der". For example, saving a file as `~/my-file.txt` is the same as saving it as `/home/<your user name>/my-file.txt` | ||
| − | /home:: This is folder contains everybody's home folders, and is fairly similar to ''Documents and Settings'' in Windows.<<BR>>The main thing to remember | + | /home:: This is folder contains everybody's home folders, and is fairly similar to ''Documents and Settings'' in Windows.<<BR>>The main thing to remember is that despite the name, '''this is not ''your'' home folder'''. If somebody tells you to go to your home folder, they mean ''/home/<your user name>''. |
| − | /media:: This folder contains CD-ROMs, memory sticks, and other removable media.<<BR>>Individual drives will appear in '''Places''' | + | /media:: This folder contains CD-ROMs, memory sticks, and other removable media.<<BR>>Individual drives will also appear in the '''Places''' menu item and on your desktop. |
/tmp:: This folder contains temporary files, and is cleaned out when you reboot. | /tmp:: This folder contains temporary files, and is cleaned out when you reboot. | ||
=== Safely removing drives === | === Safely removing drives === | ||
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* [[UbuntuHelp:SettingUpSamba|Configuring Ubuntu to work in a complex Windows network]] | * [[UbuntuHelp:SettingUpSamba|Configuring Ubuntu to work in a complex Windows network]] | ||
* [[UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows/Configuring|Making Ubuntu feel more like Windows]] | * [[UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows/Configuring|Making Ubuntu feel more like Windows]] | ||
| + | * [[UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindowsRu|Russian translation]] | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] | ||
2010年5月20日 (四) 00:19的最新版本
- title Switching to Ubuntu from Windows
This community-written page discusses practical differences between Windows and Ubuntu.
目录
Installing Programs
Windows software comes in `.exe` files, which you are expected to get from the web or from a store. Ubuntu software comes in packages, which are installed and updated through a centralised system, like a more powerful version of Windows Update and Add/Remove Programs. See the software installation guide for instructions on how to install new programs. Application packages will usually appear in the Applications menu, configuration tools will usually appear in the Preferences or Administration menu. In the same way that Windows only runs software designed for Windows, applications must be made for Linux to be able to run on Ubuntu. Most Linux software is available for free over the Internet. The following pages feature a small selection of popular applications available for free in Ubuntu: <<Include(../PopularPrograms)>>
Firewalls and antivirus software
Ubuntu's main firewall program is called ufw (click here to install gufw). There are currently very few Linux viruses in the wild, so Ubuntu doesn't come with antivirus software installed. See Antivirus for more information.
The Terminal
Linux includes a text-based interface like `cmd.exe`, called the terminal. Many Linux guides ask you to run commands in the terminal, which should be available from Applications > Accessories > Terminal. See Using the Terminal for more information.
Task Manager
Ubuntu's System Monitor is the closest equivalent to the Task Manager in Windows. It's available through System > Administration > System Monitor.
Where To Put Your Files
Linux doesn't use drive letters, so there's no `C:` drive and no `D:` drive. You'll get used to Linux's filesystem gradually, but for now here are the most important locations:
/home/<your user name>:: This is your home folder, which is fairly similar to My Documents in Windows. You can access this folder by clicking Places > Home Folder.<
>Because this folder is used so often, many programs refer to it as "$HOME" or "~" ("tilde", pronounced "till-der". For example, saving a file as `~/my-file.txt` is the same as saving it as `/home/<your user name>/my-file.txt`
/home:: This is folder contains everybody's home folders, and is fairly similar to Documents and Settings in Windows.<
>The main thing to remember is that despite the name, this is not your home folder. If somebody tells you to go to your home folder, they mean /home/<your user name>.
/media:: This folder contains CD-ROMs, memory sticks, and other removable media.<
>Individual drives will also appear in the Places menu item and on your desktop.
/tmp:: This folder contains temporary files, and is cleaned out when you reboot.
Safely removing drives
When you are finished with a removable drive, right click on the drive's desktop icon and select Unmount volume or Eject, depending on what type of drive it is.
See Also
- The all-systems switching guide
- The official guide
- The Ubuntu vs. Windows philosophy guide
- Transferring Files and Settings
- Ext2fsd lets you see your Linux drives from Windows (EXT4 Support requested)
- Configuring Ubuntu to work in a complex Windows network
- Making Ubuntu feel more like Windows
- Russian translation
