“UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromMacOSX”的版本间的差异

2009年5月12日 (二) 18:59的版本

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https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromMacOSX

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<<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>> If you have come to Ubuntu from Mac OS X, welcome, and thank you for installing Ubuntu! This document intends to give you some information, resources and terminology to help you discern the similarities and differences between OS X and Ubuntu.

Installing Software

Ubuntu comes with a useful selection of applications by default, such as an office suite, web browser, multimedia applications and games. Both Mac OS X and Ubuntu use software packages to install software. Ubuntu uses a package management program to download and install programs, as opposed to downloading disk images in Mac OS X. As with Mac OS X, it is necessary to supply an administrator password to install software in Ubuntu. See Install Software for more information on how to install software from the repositories and from online sources. FreeSoftwareAlternatives is a good list of Ubuntu Free Software alternatives to Mac and Windows applications.

Alternatives to the iLife Suite

Ubuntu offers a number of open source alternatives for users migrating from Mac OS X who use Apple's iLife suite.

iTunes

Rhythmbox is a music player with similar functionality to iTunes. It also syncs with the iPod. The Magnatune and Jamendo music stores are similar to the iTunes Music store. Proprietary audio codecs such as AAC, WMA, and MP3 can be enabled by following the directions in the Ubuntu Desktop Guide for Multimedia Codecs. Rhythmbox is shipped by default with the Ubuntu GNOME desktop. In addition, DRM Dumpster can be used to remove copy protection from tracks purchased from the iTunes Music Store. Songbird is also an up-and-coming player in the "iTunes replacement" category. As new versions are released, the GUI and feature set moves closer to that of iTunes. Also, shortly after release they are packaged up at getdeb.net to make installation just a couple of clicks away! Songbird is "based on" Firefox, so it shares the same kind of Add-on community as Firefox. There are Add-Ons that enable iPod Device Support, provide "Cover Flow" functionality, and album art fetching from Amazon and Last.fm. As an example of how the best Add-ons are rolled into the core software, Album Art Manager will soon become part of the core functionality of Songbird. There is also a very active support community around Songbird, so you never have to feel that you are going it alone. Kubuntu (or Ubuntu) users can try Amarok, a powerful KDE app built into Kubuntu, or JuK, a program more similar to iTunes.

Mail

Evolution is a high-quality open-source mail, calender and contacts program.

iChat

Pidgin supports AIM, Jabber (includes GTalk and XMPP), and bonjour (with auto-installed avahi) like iChat. Plus Pidgin supports MSN, Yahoo!, ICQ, Gadu-Gadu, GroupWise, SILC, Sametime, Zephyr, MySpaceIM, QQ, and IRC. Pidgin does not support videochat, for that use the free Ekiga. Kubuntu users can use Kopete, which supports AIM, Bonjour, Gadu-Gadu, GroupWise, ICQ, Jabber, Meanwhile, QQ, SMS, Windows Live Messenger, Windows Messenger, and Yahoo, and supports videochat.

iPhoto

F-Spot is a full-featured personal photo management application for the GNOME desktop. F-Spot is shipped by default with the Ubuntu GNOME desktop. Kubuntu users can use the pre-installed DigiKam for similar tasks.

iMovie

Kino is a basic non-linear video editor which supports AVI files and raw DV files. Development for new features in Kino hasceased. Basic single-track video editing can be done with Kino. Many audio and video effects, as well as scene transitions are offered. Supports uploading to blip.tv. Kino is available in the Ubuntu Main repository. Kdenlive is a non-linear video editor for KDE. Kdenlive is intended to be a user-friendly video editor which imports and exports many audio, video, and image formats. It is still early in development and does crash sometimes. Audio and video effects are available. It is often a good idea to capture footage with kino and then edit using kdenlive. kdenlive can be installed from synaptic. If you have data in MPEG4, MP3, AAC or other proprietary formats you may need to install restricted codecs to view, edit, or transcode them.

iDVD

DeVeDe is a basic DVD authoring tool for creating DVDs from video clips that will play in PAL and NTSC DVD players. DeVeDe is available in the Ubuntu Universe repository. See DVDAuthoring for details on other solutions for DVD creation.

GarageBand

Jokosher is a multi-track audio recorder and editor. Jokosher offers a user-friendly interface with essential audio editing features such as splitting, trimming, moving, copying, and pasting clips. Jokosher is available in the Ubuntu Universe repository for Ubuntu 6.10 and later Linux MultiMedia Studio is another Garage``Band-like application, available in the Ubuntu Universe repository.

iWeb

Ubuntu doesn't ship with any pre-installed web editing software. However, many are available. The most popular is often Nvu, though it seems to be dead (Kompozer has forked a revived version).

Archive Formats

In OS X, the main types of compressed archives for files and folders are .dmg (Disk Image) and .sit/.sitx (Stuffit). Ubuntu cannot natively read .dmg archives, but the dmg2iso utility can convert a few .dmg archives to .iso. Ubuntu can read .sit, .sitx, .zip, .tar, .gz, .tar.gz, .bzip and a number of other archive formats using its built in archiving tools. comment from HenningSprang: the package info for file-roller, the standard archive Manager on Ubuntu says: File-roller supports the following formats:

• Tar (.tar) archives, including those compressed with

gzip (.tar.gz, .tgz), bzip (.tar.bz, .tbz), bzip2 (.tar.bz2, .tbz2), compress (.tar.Z, .taz) and lzop (.tar.lzo, .tzo)

• Zip archives (.zip)
• Jar archives (.jar, .ear, .war)
• 7z archives (.7z)
• iso9660 CD images (.iso)
• Lha archives (.lzh)
• Single files compressed with gzip (.gz), bzip (.bz), bzip2 (.bz2),

compress (.Z) and lzop (.lzo) No .sit(x) here, and the problem seems to be unsolved yet, e.g.: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=325374

Alternatives to Professional Creative Applications

Adobe Photoshop

There is no native software that is quite like Photoshop, but the vast majority of people who use it have no real need of it. Here are some native alternatives, which can also do some things that Photoshop can't: The GIMP is a powerful drawing and photo manipulation program. GIMP is installed by default in Ubuntu. Krita is the KOffice painting and image editing program. CinePaint was removed from the Ubuntu Universe repository for 8.04, but may be back soon. If you really need it your Windows Photoshop CS2 works well in WINE. (CS3 does not)

Final Cut Pro

LiVES and Cinelerra are advanced non-linear video editing programs.

Dreamweaver

There is no native software that can compare to Dreamweaver, but many people who use it have no real need of it. In such cases, alternatives include: KompoZer is a fairly basic WYSIWYG HTML editor and content manager. Quanta Plus is a more powerful KDE program available in the Ubuntu Main repository. Radria allows you to build a website online. If none of these suffice, you may buy a Windows version of Dreamweaver, and use it with WINE. Make sure the version you buy is compatible with WINE.

Maya

Blender is a 3D modeling and animation program.

See Also

Mark Pilgrim's list of Ubuntu essentials for those switching from Mac OS X. Includes Linux equivalents of popular Mac programs and Mark's opinions on different Linux apps. Essentials, 2006 Edition.