UbuntuHelp:RadeonDriver

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

点击翻译:

English • 中文

请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。

title The open source ATI driver (xserver-xorg-video-ati)

This guide will show you how to use the Free, Open Source driver for many ATI graphics cards called "radeon" or "ati". It will provide 2D and 3D acceleration in your video hardware. This driver is not as fast as the closed-source, proprietary "fglrx" driver from AMD/ATI Inc. for most cards, but it is compatible with AIGLX and has better dual-head support.

Note: As of version 8.42.3, the closed-source "fglrx" driver (released on 23-10-2007) has AIGLX support and performance is much boosted beyond previous versions. To install see here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI

Will It Work On Your Card?

Check first your graphic card name and chipset:

$ lspci -nn | grep VGA

It should report something like this for your graphics card:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RV350 AS [Radeon 9550]

Unsupported

You are currently not able to use the "radeon" driver for the following cards and derivatives:

X1300 / R515 based cards.
X1600 / R530 based cards.
X1800 / R520 based cards.
X1900 / R580 based cards.

For these cards you must use the "fglrx" driver, or the new open-source "radeonhd" driver (no 3D, and in development).

2D acceleration only

Xpress 200M Northbridge integrated GPUs

Accelerated 3D support (r300 series)

All these cards and derivatives have good 3D acceleration support

9500 / R300 based cards.
9600 / rv350 or rv360 based cards.
9700 / R300 based cards.
9800 / R350 or R360 based cards.
X300 / rv370 based cards.
X600 / rv380 based cards.
X700 / rv410 based cards.
X800 / R420 or R423 or R430 or R480 based cards.
X850 / R480 or R481 based cards.
X1050 / rv370 based cards.

Full 3D support (r100 and r200 series)

All these cards and derivatives have full 3D acceleration support

7000 / rv100 based cards.
7200 / R100 based cards.
7500 / rv200 based cards.
8X00 / R200 based cards.
9000 / rv250 based cards.
9100 / R200 based cards.
9200 / rv280 based cards.

There is a bug related to the DVI output on the rv280-based cards, please check UbuntuHelp:Radeon_9200/9250__RV280__and_DVI

Ubuntu installation with AIGLX

The ati driver is already shipped with Ubuntu, so you won't have to download it. This driver is completely compatible with AIGLX, so if you want an accelerated desktop, you don't need to install XGL.

Removing the proprietary fglrx driver

fglrx is the name of the closed-source, proprietary driver from ATI. It conflicts with the open-source "radeon" driver. If the "fglrx" kernel module is loaded at boot, X will be able to start using the "radeon" driver but "Direct Rendering" (DRI) will be disabled. This results in a severe performance reduction. Use the "Restricted Driver Manager" and make sure "ATI accelerated graphics driver" is not in use. If you previously used the proprietary "fglrx" driver it is highly recommended to totally get rid of the fglrx package:

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge xorg-driver-fglrx

and reboot the computer. The libGL.so in /usr/lib might also still be the version installed by xorg-driver-fglrx. You can check that very easily, just run:

$ glxinfo |grep vendor

If you see: client glx vendor string: ATI, then the libGL.so is still from ATI. Make sure libgl1-mesa-glx and libgl1-mesa-dri are properly installed:

$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri

Of course, make sure your xorg.conf does not contain any "fglrx" entry.

Configuring X.org

From Ubuntu 7.10 and onwards, the driver and server autodetect most settings. You can often just take away your xorg.conf and it will run fine. The instructions below are based on the edition of /etc/X11/xorg.conf . You will have to edit it with superuser privileges (using the sudo command). You can use gedit if you are using Ubuntu (Gnome) or kate if you are using Kubuntu (KDE). If you are in a console you can use vim or nano .

sudo vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf

or

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Configuring your graphics card "Device" section

You first of all have to find the device section already related to your graphics card. It can have any name, or might even not exist if you are just installing your xserver. You can usually find it right after your mouse entry. It should look like this:

Section "Device"
	Identifier	"Radeon 9600"
	Driver		"ati"
	BusID		"PCI:1:0:0"
	Option		"XAANoOffscreenPixmaps"
EndSection

Identifier is the name you give your graphics card. It is better if it is short. It can be anything. (I only tested with alphanumerical names though). Driver specifies which driver you want to use. IT HAS TO BE ati and NOT radeon or fglrx. The "ati" driver is a wrapper that will load the "radeon" driver if possible. BusID gives the hardware address of the graphics card. It is always PCI, even for an AGP card. The BusID can be found using the command lspci. A BusID given in lspci as 01:00.0 will become "PCI:1:0:0" in xorg.conf . (Warning: lspci reports hexadecimal numbers, xorg.conf needs decimal.) The "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" option maybe necessary for AIGLX desktop acceleration, you can try disabling it and it should work fine (maybe quicker) for the newest versions of ubuntu.

The "Monitor" section

This is what your monitor section should look like:

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier	"Generic Monitor"
	Option		"DPMS"
	HorizSync	28-72
	VertRefresh	43-60
EndSection

Identifier is the name you want to give your monitor. The DPMS option is a power management option -but i am not sure about that anymore- anyway, it will certainly be compatible with your hardware. Horiz``Sync and Vert``Refresh options are often not necessary. However for me they are. These are given in the example but are pretty much standard. You can refer to your monitor's documentation to find them.

The "Screen" section

It will basically look like that:

Section "Screen"
	Identifier	"Default Screen"
	Device		"Radeon 9600"
	Monitor		"Generic Monitor"
	DefaultDepth	24
	SubSection "Display"
		Depth		24
		Modes		"1440x900" "1024x768"
	EndSubSection
EndSection

Identifier is the name you give to your screen. It does not really matter, but I prefer it short. Device has to be the name you previously gave to your graphics card. Monitor is the name you gave your monitor Default``Depth is the bit-per-pixel depth X.org will use, most likely you want 24. The modes in the "Display" subsection have to be supported by your monitor. If you don't know, choose 1024x768, it is a safe bet. If you know, list your favorite resolution first, and the other resolutions available after. For cards low on video RAM, you might need to add a "Virtual" line to the "Display" subsection of the "Screen" section in xorg.conf, since the default values (see /var/log/Xorg.0.log) are a bit "greedy" on memory.

                Virtual         1024 768

Set the x and y values according to the wanted maximum size of your virtual desktop.

Finalizing

Add the following sections at the end of the file if they don't exist elsewhere:

Section "DRI"
        Mode 0666
EndSection
        
Section "Extensions"
        Option "Composite" "Enable"
EndSection

Then check the "Server``Layout" section:

Section "ServerLayout"
	Option		"AIGLX"		"true"
	Identifier	"Default Layout"
	Screen		"Default Screen"
	InputDevice	"Generic Keyboard"
	InputDevice	"Configured Mouse"
EndSection

The AIGLX option is to enable AIGLX for fancy 3D desktop effects. Identifier should not be changed. Screen is the name you gave to your screen in the screen section. Input``Device are for the devices you want to use (with a section device in this file) and which are not your graphics card or monitor.

Restart and get a new accelerated desktop!

Restart the X server by pressing simultaneously Ctrl-Alt-Backspace (quick and dirty) or log out, switch to a text console (ctrl-alt-F1), log in and run

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

If you want to have a new windows decorator to use AIGLX, you can try compiz (simple and performant) or Beryl (lots of bugs, sometimes slow, but lots of fancy stuff). However before that you might want to test the driver:

Testing The Driver

To see if you are using the driver you can test your 3D settings. To test your OpenGL acceleration you can run:

$ glxinfo | grep vendor

This has to be SGI. Otherwise you did not install the driver properly. Make sure you restarted the Xserver, or if this does not help, go to the "good bye fglrx" section.

$ glxinfo | grep "direct rendering"

For trouble-shooting, try also

$ LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose glxinfo

If you get No direct rendering, then your card probably is not supported by the open source driver. You will have to install the proprietary fglrx driver.

Tweaking The Driver

There are a few options which you can give to the driver to speed up its performance. Here is an exemple of the device section of /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Section "Device"
        Identifier      "ATI Technologies, Inc. Radeon 9600"
        Driver          "ati"
        Option          "AGPMode"        "8"    #usually not needed, the driver will use the setting from BIOS
        Option          "AccelMethod"    "XAA"  #either XAA or EXA. "XAA" is the default and safe choice
        Option          "ColorTiling"    "on"
        Option          "EnablePageFlip" "true" #only works with accelmethod "XAA"
        Option          "AccelDFS"       "true" #seemed to speed things up using EXA acceleration
        Option          "TripleBuffer"   "true" #This *might* help if you use something like Beryl and have slow video playback.
        Option          "DynamicClocks"  "on"   #This is for laptop users, it saves energy when in battery mode.

        Option          "DMAForXv"       "true" #This can speed up movie playback but can in rare cases case instability
        Option          "GARTSize"       "64"   #This is the size of the "GART" that xorg will use.

        BusID           "PCI:1:0:0"             #must match your lspci output
EndSection

Accel``Method is by default "XXA". The newer "EXA" architecture keeps improving, and for some cards you might see speed improvements using it. Other cards might experience instability. Color``Tiling should generally be kept on, it is automatically disabled if it can't be used for whatever reason and speeds things up. Accel``DFS is only enabled when Accel``Method is set to EXA, it can increase performance. Even under accel method XAA, Enable``Page``Flip can cause a lot of instability on some newer radeon cards. It can give a performance boost though, if your are experiencing instabilities consider disabling this option. Dynamic``Clocks will lower the 'clockspeed' of the GPU when its not in use, hopefully saving energy. if your feeling green you can enable this, some people report a reduced performance however. DMAForXV will increase the performance of video (movies and such) but can cause instabilities. if totem/mplayer/yourfavoritemovieplayer is experiencing crashes consider disabling this. GARTSize increasing the size of this may increase the performance of your graphics card but it will also increase the memory footprint of the X server, consider reducing this size if you experience this. Check the manpage of the radeon driver for more options. Please note that some more options might be available, but are undocumented.

$ man radeon

Getting Dual-head to work

There used to be two different ways to get dual-head (multiple displays on one computer) to work in X: using MergedFB or Xinerama. MergedFB is the simplest to configure, and has DRI (this has to do with 3D support) on both screens. Newer driver versions uses "xrandr".

XRandR 1.2

Since Ubuntu 7.10, the "ati" driver has support for xrandr 1.2, and xrandr is now the preferred way to set up dual-head. See http://wiki.debian.org/XStrikeForce/HowToRandR12 for detailed documentation, or http://www.intellinuxgraphics.org/dualhead.html for more examples.

MergedFB

MergedFB is automatically enabled when an external display is detected. If not configured correctly this will result in the screens running in clone mode, in stead of extending the desktop. To get a big desktop, add the following to the Section "Device" of your Xorg.conf:

        Option  "MonitorLayout"                 "LCD, CRT"
        Option  "CRT2Position"                  "RightOf"
        Option  "MetaModes"                     "1400x1050-1024x768"
        Option  "MergedXinerama"                "on"
        Option  "MergedNonRectangular"          "true"
        Option  "MergedFB"                      "true"

Please pay attention to the following things: - Use the "Monitor``Layout" LCD and CRT even if you have 2 LCDs or CRTs. This basically defines which is the primary display. - The "CRT2 Position" indicates the physical location of your secondary monitor in relationship to your primary monitor. Valid options are: Clone, Left``Of, Right``Of, Above, and Below - "Meta``Modes" sets the monitor resolutions for Primary-Secondary monitors, which together make up the total virtual desktop. In this double-resolution example the primary display runs at 1400x1050 and the second display runs at 1024x768. These resolutions can also be equal. Defining a single resolution results in clone mode and putting multiple resolutions (single or double) between the parentencies allows switching with CTRL-ALT-+/-. - the "Merged``Xinerama" setting assists in window placement support. - If the two screens defined with "Meta``Modes" are not working at the same resolution, "Merged Non Rectangular" blocks the smaller one from scrolling by not allowing the mouse pointer to use the height difference of the two resolutions on the smallest screen. If you do not get dual-head working based on these instructions, start by reading the "radeon" manual pages. They contain an overview of options that can be used with explanation of how they work. Reading the manual can be done by opening a terminal and running the following command:

$ man radeon

Please note however that this manual can be out of date, which means some of the available options might not be described there.

Xinerama

Using Xinerama requires declaring all devices twice in Xorg.conf. Even if you only have one video card, you have to define it twice if you use two of its video output options. Your Xorg.conf will thus contain two monitor, device and screen definitions. Below is an example of this:

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor0"
	Option	    "DPMS" "true"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor1"
	Option	    "DPMS" "true"
EndSection

Section "Device"
	Identifier  "ati0"
	Driver      "ati"
	Option      "MonitorLayout"  "LVDS, CRT"
	Screen      0
	BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Device"
	Identifier  "ati1"
	Driver      "ati"
	Option      "MonitorLayout"  "LVDS, CRT"
	Screen      1
	BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen0"
	Device     "ati0"
	Monitor    "Monitor0"
	DefaultDepth     24
	SubSection "Display"
		Depth     24
		Modes		"1400x1050" "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
	EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen1"
	Device     "ati1"
	Monitor    "Monitor1"
	DefaultDepth     24
	SubSection "Display"
		Depth     24
		Modes		"1400x1050" "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
	EndSubSection
EndSection

Make sure the Monitor``Layout definition is correct. The types that can be used can be found in the ati manual page. Also make sure both screen definitions refer to the right device and monitor and the correct display modes are set. Some changes also have to be made to the "Server``Layout" section. In the standard Ubuntu Xorg.conf only Screen 0 is defined. Make sure it contains the following settings:

	Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
	Screen      1  "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0"
	Option         "Xinerama"   "true"

Note that Screen 1 could also be "Clone", "Left``Of", "Right``Of", "Above", or "Below".

About the different drivers

Some information not related to the direct install or configuration of the driver: The features of your hardware are useless unless the driver (the piece of software which controls it) has support for them. This is a serious issue with graphics cards, a vital component which is constantly being updated. The main issue with these cards is between the use of Free Software drivers, which are included in Ubuntu (such as the "nv" driver for Nvidia cards and the "ati" for ATI's cards) and the non-free drivers offered by the card's manufacturers. Since the inner working of these cards are often trade secrets the proprietary manufacturer's drivers often have more features than the Free Software drivers, but cannot be included in Ubuntu for moral, technical (they often only work on the x86 platform) and sometimes legal reasons. The exception to this rule is the Free Software "radeon" driver, which offers full OpenGL 3D acceleration on graphics cards such as the Radeon X1050 and below. The "radeon" driver is automatically called by the "ati" driver if your card is supported. You should therefore specify "ati" in xorg.conf. 3D acceleration is enabled using the drivers from the DRI project such as: r300, r200, r100, r128. For a complete map of supported chipsets see the DRI wiki or DRI driver features (this page however is out of date).

ToDo

If the "radeon" driver documentation is out of date, file bugs on bugs.freedesktop org and attach patches. Add more options to the "Tweaking" section and document the few which are there. Make a radeon-specific xrandr 1.2 guide/example.

个人工具

UbuntuHelp:RadeonDriver - Ubuntu中文

搜索

导航

编辑

工具