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查看“UbuntuHelp:CdDvd/Burning”的源代码
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CdDvd/Burning}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:CdDvd/Burning}} Writing data to write-able and re-write-able CDs and DVDs and Blu-Ray media is commonly referred to as "burning". This tutorial covers the default burning software provided with Ubuntu as well as command line burning. There are also alternative burning programs to consider such as xcdroast or k3b. == Graphical User Interface(GUI) == This section covers using a GUI for burning. === Burning ISO images === For burning ISO images like the Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] using a GUI, please refer to the [[UbuntuHelp:BurningIsoHowto|BurningIsoHowto]] page. === Burning Files to CD or DVD === <ol><li>Insert a blank CD or DVD into your drive </li><li>Wait for the pop-up and choose Data or Music CD (older versions may offer a Photo CD option, and is identical to the Data CD option)</li></ol> * To burn a Music CD, see [[UbuntuHelp:AudioCDCreation|AudioCDCreation]] * To burn a Data CD, drag the data over to the window and click '''Burn''' === Copying Discs and Other Advanced Operations === You can copy CDs and DVDs, erase(blanking) rewritable media and more with [[UbuntuHelp:GnomeBaker|GnomeBaker]], a traditional dedicated CD burning program. * Install the '''gnomebaker''' package * Click '''Applications''' -> '''Sound and Video''' -> '''CD/DVD Writer [[UbuntuHelp:GnomeBaker|GnomeBaker]]''' * Create a new project when prompted. * Click '''Help''' -> '''Contents''' if further help is needed. === Blu-Ray Burning === There are currently no graphical tools that support Blu-Ray disc burning, though GUI support is expected to be available in the future. See '''Burning a DVD or Blu-Ray Disc''' below for command line instructions. == Command Line (Terminal) == === Burning a CD or DVD using Command Line tools === This section details the use of the command line(terminal) to burn either a CD or DVD disk. ==== Creating an ISO image ==== A command called mkisofs can make an .ISO image to be burned or mounted. <pre><nowiki> genisoimage -r -J -o cd_image.iso /directory </nowiki></pre> The '''-r''' and '''-J''' ensures long file names work for Unix (using Rock Ridge) and Windows (using Joliet extensions) respectively. ===== Checking CD Images Before Burning ===== It's possible to check CD images before burning. The easiest way is to simply double-click on it from the file browser, which will view the image with the Archive Manager. If you have sudo access, you can also mount the image, and explore its contents <pre><nowiki> sudo modprobe loop sudo mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop=/dev/loop0 cd_image.iso /media/cdrom </nowiki></pre> Remember to unmount an image after checking: <pre><nowiki> sudo umount /media/cdrom </nowiki></pre> === Burning a CD on the Command Line with wodim === cdrecord can burn an ISO(.iso) disk image or other data onto a CD. To burn a data CD (using image prepared earlier): First see where the CDROM/DVDROM is located. Something like this <pre><nowiki> $ wodim --devices wodim: Overview of accessible drives (1 found) : ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 dev='/dev/scd0' rwrw-- : 'LITE-ON' 'DVDRW SOHW-1633S' ------------------------------------------------------------------------- </nowiki></pre> After finding the info. from device scanning, take the appropriate target. This is important if there are more than one device on the system. In my case /dev/cdrw and /dev/dvdrw both point to /dev/scd0 <pre><nowiki> $ ls -l /dev/cdrw lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-01-26 21:56 /dev/cdrw -> scd0 </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> $ ls -l /dev/dvdrw lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2009-01-26 21:56 /dev/dvdrw -> scd0 </nowiki></pre> Hence one can use the following notation :- <pre><nowiki> wodim dev=/dev/cdrw -v -data cd_image.iso </nowiki></pre> To burn an audio cd from wav files: <pre><nowiki> wodim dev=/dev/cdrw -v -audio [wav files...] </nowiki></pre> Replace '''/dev/cdrw''' as needed if this is not your CD-Writer '''-v''' (verbose) lets you track the recording progress ==== Blanking a CD/RW ==== To reuse a rewritable CD or DVD you first need to 'blank' the disk. This erases the old data and prepares the disk for new data. <pre><nowiki> wodim -vv dev=/dev/cdrw blank=all </nowiki></pre> see http://lists.debian.org/cdwrite/2004/10/msg00031.html ==== Using wodim on "unsupported" drives ==== Sometimes Ubuntu fails to detect and configure your Burner. This results in "no media found" if you use 'wodim dev=/dev/cdrw'. Even 'wodim -scanbus' does not work - so you just don't know, how to address the drive. You can work around this by looking into the boot messages with dmesg, to identify the devicepath to your burner. F.e. <pre><nowiki> $ dmesg hda: PIONEER DVD RW DVR-108, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive hdb: IDE DVD-ROM 16X, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive [...] hda: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM DVD-R CD-R/RW drive, 2000kB Cache </nowiki></pre> Ok so we know, it is hda. Now you can burn on this drive using: <pre><nowiki> wodim dev=ATAPI:/dev/hda -data -v -eject your_data.iso </nowiki></pre> ==== Burning a DVD or Blu-Ray Disc ==== * Install the '''dvd+rw-tools''' package. See [InstallingSoftware]. * Use the packages <code><nowiki>growisofs</nowiki></code> application to burn a DVD or Blu-Ray disc. <pre><nowiki> growisofs -Z /dev/dvdrw -R -J /some/files </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> growisofs -speed=2 -dvd-compat -Z /dev/dvdrw=dvd_image.iso </nowiki></pre> Note that -dvd-compat closes the disk in write-once context (DVD+R or DVD-R). Add additional sessions by using <pre><nowiki> growisofs -M /dev/dvdwriter additionaldata </nowiki></pre> ==== Blanking DVD+RW discs ==== <pre><nowiki> dvd+rw-format -blank /dev/cdrw </nowiki></pre> ---- [[category:CategoryHardware]] [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
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