UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH-Light
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目录
- 1 References
- 2 Preparing the Hard Disk
- 3 The Base System
- 4 Basic Configuration
- 5 Enter the new environment
- 6 Installing Packages
- 7 Install GRUB
- 8 Finishing
- 9 OPTIONAL STEPS
- 9.1 Istall some more packages
- 9.2 Istall some more useful command line tools
- 9.3 Istall graphical essential UI
- 9.4 Istall graphical minimal GUI
- 9.5 Istall graphical standard gnome GUI
- 9.6 Istall graphical kde GUI
- 9.7 Istall medibuntu NON-FREE multimedia components
- 9.8 Istall windows pseudo-emulation tools (substitute mark with your user)
References
/!\ This is a light 8.04 version of OverSSH installation Guide. It's a work in progress. It maybe not mature yet and it may break your system!
enter into the system
boot from gutsy/hardy live CD or boot from another gutsy/hardy OS installed on same machine then ssh from a remote workstation or login on local machine to install
Preparing the Hard Disk
Partitioning
Use fdisk
to partition your hard disk.
sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Remember to set the root partition bootable! For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout. /dev/sda1 (83 Linux) - for /, /dev/sda2 (82 Linux swap) - as swap
Creating File Systems
Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1
And the same for our swap partition.
sudo mkswap /dev/sda2
The Base System
Mounting Root
sudo mkdir /mnt/ubuntu ; \ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/ubuntu
Installing the Base System with Debootstrap
first of all upgrade your working system
sudo aptitude update; sudo aptitude -y dist-upgrade
sudo aptitude -y install debootstrap ; \ sudo debootstrap hardy /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
or if you had an apt-cacher server on 192.168.63.22 and na.mirror.garr.it were your fastest mirror
sudo debootstrap hardy /mnt/ubuntu/ http://192.168.63.22:3142/na.mirror.garr.it/ubuntu
Basic Configuration
Set hostname hosts fstab resolv.conf sources.list interfaces froma running 8.04 OS
sudo cp /etc/hostname /etc/hosts /etc/fstab /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/ubuntu/etc/ ;\ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /mnt/ubuntu/etc/apt/ ;\ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /mnt/ubuntu/etc/network/
customizing fstab with filesystems UUID
sudo vol_id /dev/sda1 | grep ID_FS_UUID ;\ sudo vol_id /dev/sda2 | grep ID_FS_UUID
substitute sda1 whith your correct real root and sda2 whith your correct real swap partition
now put correct UUIDs in the / and swap line of /etc/fstab
sudo vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab
example /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 UUID=74be20cd-9cb5-4b7b-9ae3-5096a7667b7a / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=9e9d9afc-e35b-4b6a-b2b8-7eee38dfb473 none swap sw 0 0
Enter the new environment
Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev
sudo mount -t proc none /mnt/ubuntu/proc ;\ sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev ;\ sudo LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash
Change the root password
It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....
sudo passwd
Create a user mark
sudo addgroup --system admin ;\ sudo useradd -m -G admin -s /bin/bash mark; \ sudo passwd mark
grant sudo-rights to admin group
sudo -i echo "%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers visudo
verify last line than exit from visudo without other changes
and switch shadow password on
sudo dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd
Installing Packages
first of all upgrade your NEW system
sudo aptitude update; sudo aptitude -y dist-upgrade
Installing OpenSSH Server
sudo apt-get install ssh
Install a Kernel
Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:
sudo apt-get install linux
Install GRUB
sudo apt-get install grub ;\ sudo mkdir /boot/grub ;\ sudo cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub ;\ sudo update-grub
type y on question /!\ Due to a bug that seems affect update-grub sometimes the /boot/grub/menu.lst contains wrong reference to kernel version and/or partition. E.G. (hd0,0) instead of (hd1,3). Verify it with
sudo vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
install grub in the master boot record
sudo grub
hint: using double <TAB> KEY-presssing for completione after typing "root (hd" and "setup (hd" you ca also view partitions and after "root (hd0,0)/boot/" you can also list /boot/ files
grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) grub> quit
Reboot
exit cd /
sudo umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc ; \ sudo umount /mnt/ubuntu/dev ; \ sudo umount /mnt/ubuntu ; \ sudo reboot
Finishing
After the reboot ssh as "mark" in again.
Generate locales
sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 ; \ sudo echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment ; \ sudo echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment ; \ sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
Add user Mark to useful groups
sudo addgroup mark adm ; sudo addgroup mark lp; sudo addgroup mark dialout; \ sudo addgroup mark fax; sudo addgroup mark cdrom; sudo addgroup mark floppy; \ sudo addgroup mark tape; sudo addgroup mark audio; sudo addgroup mark dip; \ sudo addgroup mark video; sudo addgroup mark plugdev; sudo addgroup mark staff; \ sudo addgroup mark scanner; sudo addgroup mark fuse; sudo addgroup mark lpadmin; \ sudo addgroup mark admin; sudo addgroup mark sambashare;
OPTIONAL STEPS
Istall some more packages
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-standard
Istall some more useful command line tools
sudo apt-get install mc vim htop screen
Istall graphical essential UI
sudo apt-get install xorg icewm xterm
(you have to do startx for starting GUI)
Istall graphical minimal GUI
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
Istall graphical standard gnome GUI
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
Istall graphical kde GUI
sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop
Istall medibuntu NON-FREE multimedia components
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list; \ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update; \ sudo aptitude install libdvdcss2 w32codecs googleearth-4.3 wine virtualbox
Istall windows pseudo-emulation tools (substitute mark with your user)
sudo aptitude install wine virtualbox sudo addgroup mark vboxusers