UbuntuHelp:ServerGUI
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目录
Introduction
This guide covers installing an X11 GUI environment on the Ubuntu Server Edition. In most cases it is better to not install a GUI on a production server!
Arguments Against a GUI
Most Ubuntu Server developers do not recommend installing X on a server. There are multiple reasons for not installing a GUI, but on the other hand there are certain cases where it is useful. Some reasons to not install a GUI include:
- You'll have more code subject to security vulnerabilities, more packages that need updated, and more server downtime.
- X11 and desktop packages are not supported for the full 5 years that server packages are in the LTS releases of Ubuntu.
- Performance may suffer because resources (memory, hard disk space, CPU, etc.) will be consumed by the GUI.
- It is best practice to only install needed software on a production server.
- The GUI may include other network services that are inappropriate for a server.
- One of the goals of Ubuntu Desktop Edition is to make it easier for users to use Linux. When installing some desktop environments, services that you may not specifically want will be installed. For example avahi-daemon, which is used to help configure networking, adds another open port and may introduce unwanted DNS conflicts with a .local domain.
So for the most secure server it is best to not install a GUI.
GUI Alternatives
Instead of installing a full GUI on an Ubuntu server, you might consider using a web based administration package such as eBox.
X11 Client Installation
You may find it preferable to only run specific X11 clients on the server, and forward the X11 connections over ssh to display them on your desktop of choice. This way you avoid the need for an X11 server or desktop environment on the server itself. But note on the other hand that this opens up different vulnerabilities if the remote desktop can be compromised. To do this, simply install the applications you need, and apt-get will bring in other packages as needed to satisfy the dependencies.
X11 Server Installation
If you want an X11-server-based GUI there are several light weight desktop environments that may work better than a standard Gnome or KDE environment.
To install a minimum X11 on Ubuntu Server Edition enter the following:
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg x-window-system-core
Next install a Window Manager:
sudo apt-get install openbox
Note: you can replace openbox with fluxbox, blackbox, etc.
Full Desktop Environments
To install the Gnome desktop on Ubuntu server Edition enter:
sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment
- For KDE change gnome-desktop-environment to kubuntu-desktop.
- For XFCE enter xubuntu-desktop.
Note: This guide has been tested on Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), and the upcoming Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron).
