VirtualBox

VirtualBox 简介

原文出处：https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualBox

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This document provides information on using the Virtual Box system emulator under Ubuntu.

Installation

There are two versions of VirtualBox availabe, the Open Source Edition and the free, but proprietary, Personal Use / Evaluation License version.

Open Source Edition

Currently the best way to install the GPL version of Virtual Box is to compile from scratch. The following page details how to compile Virtual Box (follow instructions for use under Debian).

Build Instructions

After you compile and install VirtualBox, you may need to load the module before the program will run.

sudo modprobe vboxdrv

PUEL (Personal Use & Evaluation License) Version

For both Edgy and Feisty, install the edgy .deb from http://virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

While this is non-free and only for personal use, it adds USB support and virtual Remote Desktop support. Without this, your USB devices can't be used in the guest OS and you cannot use Windows Remote Desktop as a server in the guest OS.

Using Virtual Box

First Run

attachment:01_Screenshot-VirtualBox_OSE.png

Creating a new Virtual Machine

Click New to start the "Create New Virtual Machine" Wizard.

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Specify a virtual machine name and operating system type.

attachment:03_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Machine-1.png

Specify an amount of RAM to dedicate to this virtual machine when it is running.

attachment:04_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Machine-2.png

Either choose an existing image, go and find one with the Existing button, or press "New" to start the "Create New Virtual Disk" Wizard.

attachment:05_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Machine-3.png

Creating a new disk image

attachment:06_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Disk.png attachment:07_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Disk-1.png attachment:08_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Disk-2.png attachment:09_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Disk-3.png

Assign the image to the virtual machine

Back in the "Create New Virtual Machine" Wizard.

attachment:10_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Machine-4.png

Summary page is then shown.

attachment:11_Screenshot-Create_New_Virtual_Machine-5.png

Details page shows the settings for this Virtual Machine.

attachment:12_Screenshot-VirtualBox_OSE-1.png

Attaching a CDROM image

Click on CD/DVD-ROM in the Details tab.

Tick "Mount CD/DVD Drive" and tick ISO Image file then go find it with the select button.

attachment:13_Screenshot-Ubuntu_Dapper_6.06_LTS_-_Settings.png

Virtual Disk Manager starts. Click Add.

attachment:14_Screenshot-Virtual_Disk_Manager.png

Explorer style dialog (!) appears, go find the ISO image.

attachment:15_Screenshot-Select_a_DVD-CD-ROM_disk_image_file.png

Added to the Virtual Disk Manager as a CD/DVD Image, choose it then click Select.

attachment:16_Screenshot-Virtual_Disk_Manager-1.png

Back in the CD/DVD-ROM selection dialog.

attachment:17_Screenshot-Ubuntu_Dapper_6.06_LTS_-_Settings-1.png

Starting the emulator

Boot up the VM using the "Start" button.

attachment:19_Screenshot-VirtualBox_OSE-2.png

The VM booted.

attachment:18_Screenshot-Ubuntu_Dapper_6.06_LTS_[Running]_-_VirtualBox_OSE.png

Un-Grabbing the mouse & keyboard

In the bottom right hand corner of the emulated machine window is the name of the key required to make Virtual Box un-grab the mouse and keyboard. By default this is Control_R which actually means the right hand Control key, not control and the letter R.

Networking

To start, NAT is by far the easiest way to get your guests connected to the interweb, but you may want to use the guests as servers, for this you need Host Networking. You will need to install bridge-utils and uml-utilities so that you can make a tap device and add it to a bridge.

sudo apt-get install bridge-utils uml-utilities

Now make a bridge, and put your current interface into it:

sudo tunctl -t tap1 -u fred #where fred is the user you will be running vbox as
sudo chmod 666 /dev/net/tun

Make a new bridge called br0:

sudo brctl addbr br0

Put your current interface (in this case eth0) into promiscuous mode, then add it to the bridge and give the bridge a dhcp address.

sudo ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc
sudo brctl addif br0 eth0
dhclient br0

Add the new tap1 device to the bridge

sudo brctl addif br0 tap1

You should now be able to use host networking in vbox, just change "attached to" to "host interface" and add the interface name of tap1 in your networking settings. Read the manual as well, there are some other nifty ways to do this

USB

To get USB support, you need the PUEL version. Via the GUI, there is an option to enable USB.

Furthermore, your user must be able to access /proc/bus/usb/* and the best way I've found to do this is to give run chown on /proc/bus/usb.

sudo chown -R root:vboxusers /proc/bus/usb

Now just make sure your user is part of the group vboxusers, and all is well. I'm assuming this solution doesn't work when you restart your computer so we've got a fix for that as well.

sudo nano /etc/init.d/mountdevsusbfs.sh

Append ",devgid=1003", where 1003 is the number if your vboxusers group in /etc/group, to the end of the "domount usbfs ..." line, and change the devmode to 0664.

Support

For help with virtualbox beyond the scope of this documentation, see the VirtualBox Community Page or for live assistance try #vbox on irc.freenode.net in an IRC client.