特殊:Badtitle/NS100:TestingStorageMedia
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<<Include(Tag/StyleCleanup)>> <<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>> This page explains how to test storage media. If you suspect you have a problem with your hard disk, this page could help you.
Introduction
When you store your files, be they pictures or text, they reside on a physical media. They can be magnetically coded on the surface of a hard disk, etched and optically read from a CD, or electrically stored on a USB flash drive. Using these methods, your files are organised in a way analogous to placing files in a filing cabinet. Nothing being perfect, there are two problems that may occur : your files may become lost - a corrupt index meaning that all the pieces of the files are so muddled up they no longer make any sense - or the storage media may develop defects - bad blocks on hard disks or scratched CDs. Of course, in case this should happen, tools exist to detect and repair errors. We will present these tools to you now, in the unlucky event you will need them. Remember, always backup your files on at least a separate media.
Checking Filesystems
On occasion, errors may occur in the data stored on a disk. This may be due for example to power failures, system crashes or impetuous removal of media. When this happens, files may become lost or corrupt - you will need to check your data for validity. The tools used to check your data depend on your filesystem, please refer to the appropriate section.
ext2 and ext3
In a terminal run :
man e2fsck
to consult the documentation related to testing there partitions.
FAT32 and FAT16
To check and repair MS-DOS type filesystem, we will use the dosfsck tool. In a terminal, type the following to know the name of the partition you want to check :
sudo fdisk -l
No we will run the check with the following command (assuming your partition is /dev/hda1) :
dosfsck -a -v /dev/hda1
- The a option is use to automatically repair the file system.
- The v option is use to get some more information about the check.
You may have a look at :
man dosfsck
to get some information about the others options available.
NTFS
Their is no equivalent yet to chkdsk/scandisk for NTFS in linux. The linux-ntfs team project aims to make one. Check http://wiki.linux-ntfs.org/doku.php?id=ntfsck for the current status of the project. In the meanwhile, you'll have to use windows to check your NTFS partition.
Checking for Physical defects
In a terminal run :
man badblocks
to consult the documentation related to testing disks.
Recovering Data
See the DataRecovery page for details on how to recover lost files.