特殊:Badtitle/NS100:TestingStorageMedia/zh

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本文讲述当你怀疑自己的硬盘出现某些问题时,如果对其进行检测.

简述

当你通过计算机存储你的图片或文档文件时,它们将以某种形式记录在你的物理存储器上.比如转化为磁性信号然后存取于硬盘上,或是通过光信号存取于光盘上,或是转换为电流信息存取于U盘.无论是哪种方式,都可以把它比拟为是往某个文件柜中存放文档.

任何事物都不是完美的,你有可能会碰到两个问题:你的文件丢失-你的文件变得无比混乱,甚至根本无法正常读取,或者是你的存储介质发出故障-比如硬盘坏道,光盘腐蚀.

当然,当遇到这些情况的时候,有些工具是可以帮助进行错误检测和修复的,本文就是向你介绍这些工具,以便在你发生上述不幸时给予一些帮助.切记,要经常在一个独立的设备上备份你的最新文件.

检测文件系统

在某些情况下,你的硬盘上存储的数据有可能出现错误,比如突然断电,系统崩溃或是不正常的拔除存储设备.当这些情况发生时,文件有可能出现丢失的情况,这个时候就有必要对文件的正确性进行检测了.

不同的文件系统对应着不同的检测工具,请必务保证工具和系统的匹配.

ext2和ext3的检测

在终端中运行下面的指令:

man e2fsck

来检测该类分区中的文档

FAT32和FAT16的检测

要对MS-DOS文件系统分区进行检测,我们需要用到dosfsck这个工具.

打开终端,执行下面的指令以得到你想检测的分区对应的名称:

sudo fdisk -l

然后通过下面的指令对该分区进行检测(假设该分区为/dev/hda1)

dosfsck -a -v /dev/sda1

选项"a"让系统自动对文件系统进行修复.
选项"v"用于获取更多关于检测的信息.

你最好阅读一下相关的说明文档:

man dosfsck

以便于获取更多的参数及对应的说明.

NTFS的检测

在Linux系统中并没有提供类似chkdsk/scandisk这类对NTFS文件系统进行检查的工具

不过linux-ntfs小组为之开发了一个工具. 你可以浏览 http://wiki.linux-ntfs.org/doku.php?id=ntfsck 获得该工具的最新信息.

换言之,你最好使用windows所提供的检测工具来对NTFS分区进行检测

物理错误的检修

打开终端,执行下面的指令

man badblocks

阅读关于硬盘物理检测的相关资料.

数据恢复

TestDisk是一个专门用于数据修复的工具,点击这个链接访问它的官方网站.

你也可以在Universe源中找到一些相关的资料点击这里.

深入学习

Testing your hard drive

This page is a stub, you can help the Ubuntu documentation team by expanding it.