特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Repositories/Personal:修订间差异
小无编辑摘要 |
小无编辑摘要 |
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
There are often a few packages that you want to install that don't exist in the Ubuntu repositories. If they have any dependencies on other packages, trying to using '''dpkg''' can drop you into "dpkg hell", and having '''apt''' resolve those dependencies for you would really help. | There are often a few packages that you want to install that don't exist in the Ubuntu repositories. If they have any dependencies on other packages, trying to using '''dpkg''' can drop you into "dpkg hell", and having '''apt''' resolve those dependencies for you would really help. | ||
There are full blown methods of creating your own local repository, such as [[UbuntuHelp:Debarchiver|Debarchiver]] or [[UbuntuHelp:Dak|Dak]]. These are overkill, when all you want is a means of resolving dependencies of the handful of packages you've downloaded from the web (not for an entire repository that you want to use without Internet connection; for this use [[UbuntuHelp:AptGet/Offline/Repository|AptGet/Offline/Repository]]. A simple solution is to use '''dpkg-scanpackages''', which will build a repository you can add to your sources.list. | There are full blown methods of creating your own local repository, such as [[UbuntuHelp:Debarchiver|Debarchiver]] or [[UbuntuHelp:Dak|Dak]]. These are overkill, when all you want is a means of resolving dependencies of the handful of packages you've downloaded from the web (not for an entire repository that you want to use without Internet connection; for this use [[UbuntuHelp:AptGet/Offline/Repository|AptGet/Offline/Repository]]). A simple solution is to use '''dpkg-scanpackages''', which will build a repository you can add to your sources.list. | ||
== Creating a Personal Repository == | == Creating a Personal Repository == | ||
There are 4 steps to setting up a simple repository for yourself | There are 4 steps to setting up a simple repository for yourself | ||
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If you have installed apt-cacher you will have additional packages stored in its /packages directory. | If you have installed apt-cacher you will have additional packages stored in its /packages directory. | ||
=== The Script update-mydebs === | === The Script update-mydebs === | ||
It's a simple | It's a simple three liner: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
#! /bin/bash | #! /bin/bash | ||
cd /usr/local/mydebs | cd /usr/local/mydebs | ||
dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > Packages.gz | dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > Packages.gz | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
Cut and paste the above into gedit, and save it as '''update-mydebs''' in ~/bin. (the tilde '~' means your home directory. If ~/bin does not exist, create it: Ubuntu will put that directory in your PATH. It's a good place to put personal scripts). Next, make the script executable: | Cut and paste the above into gedit, and save it as '''update-mydebs''' in ~/bin. (the tilde '~' means your home directory. If ~/bin does not exist, create it: Ubuntu will put that directory in your PATH. It's a good place to put personal scripts). Next, make the script executable: | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
'''How the script works:''' | '''How the script works:''' | ||
'''dpkg-scanpackages''' looks at all the packages in mydebs, and the output is compressed and written to a file (Packages.gz) that '''apt-get update''' can read (see below for a reference that explains this in excruciating detail). /dev/null is an empty file; it is a substitute for an override file which holds some additional information about the packages, which in this case is not really needed. | '''dpkg-scanpackages''' looks at all the packages in mydebs, and the output is compressed and written to a file (Packages.gz) that '''apt-get update''' can read (see below for a reference that explains this in excruciating detail). /dev/null is an empty file; it is a substitute for an override file which holds some additional information about the packages, which in this case is not really needed. See deb-override(5) if you want to know about it. | ||
=== Sources.list === | === Sources.list === | ||
add the line | add the line | ||
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Badly made packages will probably fail, but you won't have endured dpkg hell. | Badly made packages will probably fail, but you won't have endured dpkg hell. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[UbuntuHelp:AptGetHowto|AptGetHowto]] | * [[UbuntuHelp:AptGetHowto|AptGetHowto]] | ||
[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/index.en.html Debian New Maintainers Guide] (this is the exruciating one) | * [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/index.en.html Debian New Maintainers Guide] (this is the exruciating one) | ||
---- | ---- | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] |
2009年5月12日 (二) 18:37的版本
文章出处: |
{{#if: | {{{2}}} | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Personal }} |
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:}}Repositories/Personal}}/id | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|Bahasa Indonesia| [[::Repositories/Personal/id|Bahasa Indonesia]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | {{#if: | :}}Repositories/Personal}}/it | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|italiano| [[::Repositories/Personal/it|italiano]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | {{#if: | :}}Repositories/Personal}}/ja | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|日本語| [[::Repositories/Personal/ja|日本語]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | {{#if: | :}}Repositories/Personal}}/ko | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|한국어| [[::Repositories/Personal/ko|한국어]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal | {{#if: | :}}Repositories/Personal}}/ksh | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|Ripoarisch| 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{{#ifeq:UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Personal|:Repositories/Personal|请不要直接编辑翻译本页,本页将定期与来源同步。}} |
{{#ifexist: :Repositories/Personal/zh | | {{#ifexist: Repositories/Personal/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Repositories/Personal|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Repositories/Personal|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}
General information: Repositories in Ubuntu
Introduction
There are often a few packages that you want to install that don't exist in the Ubuntu repositories. If they have any dependencies on other packages, trying to using dpkg can drop you into "dpkg hell", and having apt resolve those dependencies for you would really help. There are full blown methods of creating your own local repository, such as Debarchiver or Dak. These are overkill, when all you want is a means of resolving dependencies of the handful of packages you've downloaded from the web (not for an entire repository that you want to use without Internet connection; for this use AptGet/Offline/Repository). A simple solution is to use dpkg-scanpackages, which will build a repository you can add to your sources.list.
Creating a Personal Repository
There are 4 steps to setting up a simple repository for yourself
- Install dpkg-dev
- Put the packages in a directory
- Create a script that will scan the packages and create a file apt-get update can read
- Add a line to your sources.list pointing at your repository
Install dpkg-dev
Type in a terminal
apt-get install dpkg-dev
The Directory
Create a directory where you will keep your packages. For this example, we'll use /usr/local/mydebs.
mkdir /usr/local/mydebs
Now move your packages into the directory you've just created. Previously downloaded Packages are generally stored on your system in the /var/cache/apt/archives directory. If you have installed apt-cacher you will have additional packages stored in its /packages directory.
The Script update-mydebs
It's a simple three liner:
#! /bin/bash cd /usr/local/mydebs dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > Packages.gz
Cut and paste the above into gedit, and save it as update-mydebs in ~/bin. (the tilde '~' means your home directory. If ~/bin does not exist, create it: Ubuntu will put that directory in your PATH. It's a good place to put personal scripts). Next, make the script executable:
chmod u+x ~/bin/update-mydebs
How the script works: dpkg-scanpackages looks at all the packages in mydebs, and the output is compressed and written to a file (Packages.gz) that apt-get update can read (see below for a reference that explains this in excruciating detail). /dev/null is an empty file; it is a substitute for an override file which holds some additional information about the packages, which in this case is not really needed. See deb-override(5) if you want to know about it.
Sources.list
add the line
deb file:/usr/local/mydebs ./
to your /etc/apt/sources.list, and you're done. See Repositories/Ubuntu.
Using the Repository
Whenever you put a new deb in the mydebs directory, run
sudo update-mydebs sudo apt-get update
Now your local packages can be manipulated with Synaptic, aptitude and the apt commands: apt-get, apt-cache, etc. When you attempt to apt-get install, any dependencies will be resolved for you, as long as they can be met. Badly made packages will probably fail, but you won't have endured dpkg hell.
References
- AptGetHowto
- Debian New Maintainers Guide (this is the exruciating one)