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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto}}
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto}}
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto}}
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto}}
<<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>>
== Abstract ==
== Abstract ==
 
There are many howtos in the Internet about setting up mail servers and various people has various choice of MTAs. Some like, Qmail, while some like Postfix or Exim. I have been using Qmail for a long time and it is an excellent MTA. The way the Qmail is licensed and distributed that there are no binary packages so that users can easily setup with their favorite distribution, and installing basic Qmail setup even is not that difficult but users need applied various patches and tweaks etc to get a complete setup done. With all these issues Qmail is the preferred choice of many geeks, since it won't give you head ache once up and running. The drawback is that this system is difficult to upgrade since users need to compile the source code and install.
There are many howtos in the Internet about setting up mail servers and various people has various choice of MTAs. Some like, Qmail, while some like Postfix or Exim. I have been using Qmail for a long time and it is an excellent MTA. The way the Qmail is licensed and distributed that there are no binary packages so that users can easily setup with their favorite distribution, and installing basic Qmail setup even is not that difficult but users need applied various patches and tweaks etc to get a complete setup done. With all these issues Qmail is the preferred choice of many geeks, since it won't give you head ache once up and running. The drawback is that this system is difficult to upgrade since users need to compile the source code and install. The decision behind this guide is to use Postfix,an equally secure and fast MTA like Qmail, it is easy to configure and setup a [[UbuntuHelp:PostfixBasicSetupHowto|Basic System]] in any Linux distribution. Postfix has many add-ons and support Maildir format, [[UbuntuHelp:PostgreSQL|PostgreSQL]] and MySQL backend for storing and managing virtual domains very easily. This setup will be a complete virtual mail domain systems , with anti-virus and spam filtering for ISPs , hosting companies, and individual corporations who wish to use Ubuntu Linux as there preferred server platform.
The decision behind this guide is to use Postfix,an equally secure and fast MTA like Qmail, it is easy to configure and setup a [[UbuntuHelp:PostfixBasicSetupHowto| Basic System]] in any Linux distribution. Postfix has many add-ons and support Maildir format, [[UbuntuHelp:PostgreSQL|PostgreSQL]] and MySQL backend for storing and managing virtual domains very easily. This setup will be a complete virtual mail domain systems , with anti-virus and spam filtering for ISPs , hosting companies, and individual corporations who wish to use Ubuntu Linux as there preferred server platform.
 
在网上有许多HOWTO来描述如何创建邮件服务器,不同的人对MTAs有不同选择.有的人喜欢用Qmail有些人喜欢用Postfix和Exim.很长一段时间内我都喜欢用Qmail来做为我的MTA,它是一个极好的软件.但是Qmail是需要许可证的,没有源代码发放.
 
== System Overview ==
== System Overview ==
It is important to know how our system works before going to install. A virtual mail system needs to be able to handle email for numerous domains with multiple users over a variety of interfaces. When you handle multiple domains within the same mail system it presents you some management issues. We have to answer these issues using  our technology. Assume ,for example you may have following questions to answer.
It is important to know how our system works before going to install. A virtual mail system needs to be able to handle email for numerous domains with multiple users over a variety of interfaces. When you handle multiple domains within the same mail system it presents you some management issues. We have to answer these issues using  our technology. Assume ,for example you may have following questions to answer.
开始安装之前，必须了解我们的系统是如何工作的。一个虚拟邮件系统必须能够控制许多域，这些域有很多用户并且用户使用不同接口。当你在同一个邮件系统中控制多个域的时候，虚拟邮件系统会提出一些管理问题。我们必须用我们的技术回答这些问题。例如，你有下面的问题需要回答。
* What will you do if you have two users which require same username for different domains?
* What will you do if you have two users which require same username for different domains?
如果有两个用户在不同的域中使用了同一个用户名，你怎么办？
* If you are providing imap access and smtp-auth, how do combine the various authentication daemons into a single system?
* If you are providing imap access and smtp-auth, how do combine the various authentication daemons into a single system?
如果你提供了IMAP访问和smtp认证，如何将不同的认证值守程序组合在同一个系统中呢？
* How do you provide security for the numerous components that comprise the system?
* How do you provide security for the numerous components that comprise the system?
如何保证构成系统的各个组件的安全性？
* What we can do, if users are asking their own spam filtering policies.
* What we can do, if users are asking their own spam filtering policies.
如果用户要求使用自己的垃圾邮件过滤策略，我们应该如何处理？
* Individual domain administrators are asking a web-based interface to manage their mail domains
* Individual domain administrators are asking a web-based interface to manage their mail domains
每一个域的管理员要求使用基于web接口来管理他们的邮件域。
* How do you setup a web-based management system for Postfix?
* How do you setup a web-based management system for Postfix?
如何为postfix建立一个基于web的管理系统。
* Each user needs a web-base interface to change his mail account's password
* Each user needs a web-base interface to change his mail account's password
每个用户要求基于web接口改变邮件帐户密码。
* How you are going backup user account database and disaster recovery?.
* How you are going backup user account database and disaster recovery?
如何备份用户帐号数据库及灾难恢复。
* Utilizing ssl for transport layer security
* Utilizing ssl for transport layer security
利用ssl实现传输层安全。
* Handle mailing lists for any domain
* Handle mailing lists for any domain
控制任何一个域的邮件列表。
'''How do you manage all these issues together?'''
 
Don't panic, I will answer all these questions one by one. Be happy and continue to read this howto.
'''How do you manage all these issues together?'''Don't panic, I will answer all these questions one by one. Be happy and continue to read this howto.
 
你如何一起处理以上所有问题？不要担心，我会逐个回答这些问题。高高兴兴地继续读下去。
=== What You Get ===
=== What You Get ===
使用这个系统你会得到什么？
* Web based system administration
* Web based system administration
基于web的系统管理
* Unlimited number of domains
* Unlimited number of domains
域的数量没有限制
* Virtual mail users without the need for shell accounts
* Virtual mail users without the need for shell accounts
与操作系统用户无关的虚拟邮件用户
* Domain specific user names
* Domain specific user names
特定域用户名
* Mailbox quotas
* Mailbox quotas
邮箱容量分配
* Web access to email accounts
* Web access to email accounts
通过web访问邮件帐号
* Web base interface to change user passwords
* Web base interface to change user passwords
基于web接口改变用户密码
* IMAP and POP3 support
* IMAP and POP3 support
支持IMAP，POP3
* Auto responders
* Auto responders
自动回复
* SMTP Authentication for secure relaying
* SMTP Authentication for secure relaying
SMTP认证保证安全中转
* SSL for transport layer security
* SSL for transport layer security
SSL保证传输层安全
* Strong SPAM filtering
* Strong SPAM filtering
强力垃圾邮件过滤
* Anti-Virus filtering
* Anti-Virus filtering
反病毒过滤
* Log Analysis
* Log Analysis
日志分析
=== Packages Required ===
=== Packages Required ===
The following packages are need to implement our system and most of these packages are in APT repositories. In our installation section you will learn how to install and configure each.
The following packages are need to implement our system and most of these packages are in APT repositories. In our installation section you will learn how to install and configure each.
我们系统必须使用下列程序包，大多数可以在APT中找到。在安装小节部分，你会学会如何安装和配置他们。
* [http://www.webmin.com/ Webmin]
* [http://www.webmin.com/ Webmin]
* [http://www.postfix.org/ Postfix]
* [http://www.postfix.org/ Postfix]
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* [http://www.vanheusden.com/sgwi/ Sgwi]
* [http://www.vanheusden.com/sgwi/ Sgwi]
* [http://www.clamav.net/ Clamav]
* [http://www.clamav.net/ Clamav]
=== The Big Picture ===
=== The Big Picture ===
整体架构图
The following figure shows the big picture of our setup. If you look at it carefully the figure itself is self explanatory.
The following figure shows the big picture of our setup. If you look at it carefully the figure itself is self explanatory.
 
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=CompleteSetupOverview.png%7D%7D
下面图示了我们建立的整体架构，如果你仔细观察这张图，你能从图上了解整个系统。
 
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=CompleteSetupOverview.png
 
In our setup:
In our setup:
* '''Postfix''' Mail Transfer Agent receives emails via the SMTP protocol and delivers them to different places on your hard disk.
* '''Postfix''' Mail Transfer Agent receives emails via the SMTP protocol and delivers them to different places on your hard disk.
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* '''Courier''' is a standalone mail server just like Postfix but we just use its POP3/IMAP server component to let users access the mailboxes.
* '''Courier''' is a standalone mail server just like Postfix but we just use its POP3/IMAP server component to let users access the mailboxes.
* '''SASL''', the Cyrus library  is using to authenticate  your users who are dialed in at another ISP while they are on the road they get an IP address outside of your network. Your mail server however only trusts local IP addresses. The SASL  ,'''Simple Authentication and Security Layer''', adds authentication to SMTP and makes your mail server trust them.
* '''SASL''', the Cyrus library  is using to authenticate  your users who are dialed in at another ISP while they are on the road they get an IP address outside of your network. Your mail server however only trusts local IP addresses. The SASL  ,'''Simple Authentication and Security Layer''', adds authentication to SMTP and makes your mail server trust them.
在我们的系统中：
* '''Postfix'''：负责通过MTA接收和发送emails。
* '''MySQL''' ：数据库服务器保存postfix的控制信息。主要涉及用户信息，域信息，email转发及密码
* '''Courier''' ：像postfix一样的独立的邮件服务，我们利用它的pop3/IMAP服务部件使用户访问邮箱。
* '''SASL'''：简单认证与安全层 。你的邮件服务仅信任内部地址，所以对使用外部网络地址的用户进行身份认证。通过SASL对SMTP认证使你的邮件服务信任他们。
== How Postfix Mappings Work? ==
== How Postfix Mappings Work? ==
It is very important to understand how Postfix mapping works. Heart of our system is Postfix mapping. Let's discuss it here. Don't skip this section.
It is very important to understand how Postfix mapping works. Heart of our system is Postfix mapping. Let's discuss it here. Don't skip this section.
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|}
|}
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
| https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png || Usually we do not use colon(:) in LHS for Postfix and this has been done for backward compatibility with historical reasons. The local alias file is a special file that is compiled with '''newaliases''' command but not with usual Postfix mapping command '''postmap'''
| {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png%7D%7D || Usually we do not use colon(:) in LHS for Postfix and this has been done for backward compatibility with historical reasons. The local alias file is a special file that is compiled with '''newaliases''' command but not with usual Postfix mapping command '''postmap'''
|}
|}
With a basic default Postfix installation we use text file for mappings. We write the mappings into this file and then convert it into a '''hash''' file using '''postmap''' command so Postfix can look up items quickly. For example, assume that we need to map our virtual mailboxes in a file called '''<code><nowiki>/etc/Postfix/virtual_mailboxes</nowiki></code>'''. The syntax of this file look like:
With a basic default Postfix installation we use text file for mappings. We write the mappings into this file and then convert it into a '''hash''' file using '''postmap''' command so Postfix can look up items quickly. For example, assume that we need to map our virtual mailboxes in a file called '''<code><nowiki>/etc/Postfix/virtual_mailboxes</nowiki></code>'''. The syntax of this file look like:
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</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
For the purposes of this discussion, lets assume this is saved in a file called '''<code><nowiki>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf</nowiki></code>'''. You would then be able to use this mapping in postfix using the following entry in '''<code><nowiki>main.cf</nowiki></code>''' file.
For the purposes of this discussion, lets assume this is saved in a file called '''<code><nowiki>/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf</nowiki></code>'''. You would then be able to use this mapping in postfix using the following entry in '''<code><nowiki>main.cf</nowiki></code>''' file.
<pre><nowiki>virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
<pre><nowiki>
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
The fields in this configuration file are the '''user''' that needs to connect to the MySQL database, '''password''' of that MySQL user, '''dbname''', the name of the MySQL database, '''table''' ,the name of the table in MySQL database and '''hosts''', the name of the server that MySQL runs on.
The fields in this configuration file are the '''user''' that needs to connect to the MySQL database, '''password''' of that MySQL user, '''dbname''', the name of the MySQL database, '''table''' ,the name of the table in MySQL database and '''hosts''', the name of the server that MySQL runs on.
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* '''Virtual mailbox domains:''' Postfix uses these domains to receive mails for users under the domains and store them in the mailboxes on the hard disk. This is parameter which will simply tell Postfix to receive the mails on behalf of the domain and store them in each user's mailbox. The '''virtual_mailbox_maps''' mapping is used by Postfix to determine the location of the mailbox on your hard disk. Please remember that you can still use the '''virtual_alias_maps''' mapping to forward email to other mailboxes or external email addresses so not every user on that domain must actually have a mailbox but can also just have the email forwarded somewhere else.
* '''Virtual mailbox domains:''' Postfix uses these domains to receive mails for users under the domains and store them in the mailboxes on the hard disk. This is parameter which will simply tell Postfix to receive the mails on behalf of the domain and store them in each user's mailbox. The '''virtual_mailbox_maps''' mapping is used by Postfix to determine the location of the mailbox on your hard disk. Please remember that you can still use the '''virtual_alias_maps''' mapping to forward email to other mailboxes or external email addresses so not every user on that domain must actually have a mailbox but can also just have the email forwarded somewhere else.
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
| https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconHint.png || It is important to understand that a domain is either a '''virtual alias domain''' or a '''virtual mailbox domain''' or a '''local domain'''. If you make a domain a '''virtual alias domain''' you will not be able to receive email for that domain on your server. On the contrary you can use the '''virtual_alias_maps''' to forward?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=alias email for both types of domain. So the virtual mailbox domains are generally the more flexible to use.
| {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconHint.png}} || It is important to understand that a domain is either a '''virtual alias domain''' or a '''virtual mailbox domain''' or a '''local domain'''. If you make a domain a '''virtual alias domain''' you will not be able to receive email for that domain on your server. On the contrary you can use the '''virtual_alias_maps''' to forward?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=alias email for both types of domain. So the virtual mailbox domains are generally the more flexible to use.
|}
|}
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
| https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png || A domain can either be virtual or local and you can not use one domain in the both of these roles. Please never both. So if you decide you want your default domain be a virtual domain then remove it from the '''mydestination''' definition. Just leave it blank or set it to '''mydestination=localhost'''. Email addresses like root@localhost would then be delivered to the local '''root''' user.
| {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D || A domain can either be virtual or local and you can not use one domain in the both of these roles. Please never both. So if you decide you want your default domain be a virtual domain then remove it from the '''mydestination''' definition. Just leave it blank or set it to '''mydestination=localhost'''. Email addresses like root@localhost would then be delivered to the local '''root''' user.
|}
|}
== Installing a Ubuntu Server System ==
== Installing a Ubuntu Server System ==
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$ mysql -u root -p < postfixadmin-mysql.sql
$ mysql -u root -p < postfixadmin-mysql.sql
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki>#------------------------------------Start copy-------------------------------------
<pre><nowiki>
#------------------------------------Start copy-------------------------------------
#
#
# Postfix Admin
# Postfix Admin
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Postfix is using the '''"address"''' and '''"goto"''' column. Courier is not using this table.
Postfix is using the '''"address"''' and '''"goto"''' column. Courier is not using this table.
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
| https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png || This table can be used for virtual .forward files. This table is nothing more than '''<code><nowiki>/etc/aliases</nowiki></code>''' that you will find on any *nix OS. Multiple destination email addresses need to be separated by a "," (comma).
| {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png%7D%7D || This table can be used for virtual .forward files. This table is nothing more than '''<code><nowiki>/etc/aliases</nowiki></code>''' that you will find on any *nix OS. Multiple destination email addresses need to be separated by a "," (comma).
|}
|}
Following is the table structure for table alias. Copy and paste the sql statement to your '''mysql>''' prompt
Following is the table structure for table alias. Copy and paste the sql statement to your '''mysql>''' prompt
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Note that in the files we create below, we specify <code><nowiki>127.0.0.1</nowiki></code> for the <code><nowiki>hosts</nowiki></code> field instead of <code><nowiki>localhost</nowiki></code>. This is because Postfix is run in a chroot environment, and if you specify <code><nowiki>localhost</nowiki></code> Postfix will try to connct to the MySQL deamon using a unix socket in the directory /var/run/mysql, to which it will not have access. Using <code><nowiki>127.0.0.1</nowiki></code> forces Postfix to connect using a TCP/IP socket, which will work in the chroot environment.
Note that in the files we create below, we specify <code><nowiki>127.0.0.1</nowiki></code> for the <code><nowiki>hosts</nowiki></code> field instead of <code><nowiki>localhost</nowiki></code>. This is because Postfix is run in a chroot environment, and if you specify <code><nowiki>localhost</nowiki></code> Postfix will try to connct to the MySQL deamon using a unix socket in the directory /var/run/mysql, to which it will not have access. Using <code><nowiki>127.0.0.1</nowiki></code> forces Postfix to connect using a TCP/IP socket, which will work in the chroot environment.
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
| https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png || In all files below we use <code><nowiki>postfixpassword</nowiki></code> for the password field. You will want to change this password to one of your own choosing for security reasons. You will also not want to post these configuration files when asking for help on the forums without changing the password field for obvious reasons.
| {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D || In all files below we use <code><nowiki>postfixpassword</nowiki></code> for the password field. You will want to change this password to one of your own choosing for security reasons. You will also not want to post these configuration files when asking for help on the forums without changing the password field for obvious reasons.
|}
|}
=== Creating Virtual Alias Maps ===
=== Creating Virtual Alias Maps ===
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</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7C%7CFor security concerns you should let all these to be read by '''root''' only. If you let other users in the system to read these files, very body on your system can read the '''postfix''' database access password which is written in plain text and find out information about user accounts and alter them in the database. '''Dangerous!!!'''.
|{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D%7C%7CFor security concerns you should let all these to be read by '''root''' only. If you let other users in the system to read these files, every body on your system can read the '''postfix''' database access password which is written in plain text and find out information about user accounts and alter them in the database. '''Dangerous!!!'''.
|}
|}
Execute the following commands to make these file secure from others.
Execute the following commands to make these file secure from others.
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In /etc/postfix/main.cf add
In /etc/postfix/main.cf add
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service,inet
# modify the existing smtpd_sender_restrictions
# modify the existing smtpd_sender_restrictions
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
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== Other links ==
== Other links ==
Until this article will be finished, you can find very similiar one here:
Until this article will be finished, you can find very similiar one here:
[http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix] created by Ivar Abrahamsen
[[http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix]] created by Ivar Abrahamsen
Howto created by: ChinthakaDeshapriya.
Howto created by: ChinthakaDeshapriya.
----
[[category:CategoryDocumentation]]
[[category:CategoryNeedsExpansion]]


[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2008年10月19日 (日) 16:54的版本

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<<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>>

Abstract

There are many howtos in the Internet about setting up mail servers and various people has various choice of MTAs. Some like, Qmail, while some like Postfix or Exim. I have been using Qmail for a long time and it is an excellent MTA. The way the Qmail is licensed and distributed that there are no binary packages so that users can easily setup with their favorite distribution, and installing basic Qmail setup even is not that difficult but users need applied various patches and tweaks etc to get a complete setup done. With all these issues Qmail is the preferred choice of many geeks, since it won't give you head ache once up and running. The drawback is that this system is difficult to upgrade since users need to compile the source code and install. The decision behind this guide is to use Postfix,an equally secure and fast MTA like Qmail, it is easy to configure and setup a Basic System in any Linux distribution. Postfix has many add-ons and support Maildir format, PostgreSQL and MySQL backend for storing and managing virtual domains very easily. This setup will be a complete virtual mail domain systems , with anti-virus and spam filtering for ISPs , hosting companies, and individual corporations who wish to use Ubuntu Linux as there preferred server platform.

System Overview

It is important to know how our system works before going to install. A virtual mail system needs to be able to handle email for numerous domains with multiple users over a variety of interfaces. When you handle multiple domains within the same mail system it presents you some management issues. We have to answer these issues using our technology. Assume ,for example you may have following questions to answer.

  • What will you do if you have two users which require same username for different domains?
  • If you are providing imap access and smtp-auth, how do combine the various authentication daemons into a single system?
  • How do you provide security for the numerous components that comprise the system?
  • What we can do, if users are asking their own spam filtering policies.
  • Individual domain administrators are asking a web-based interface to manage their mail domains
  • How do you setup a web-based management system for Postfix?
  • Each user needs a web-base interface to change his mail account's password
  • How you are going backup user account database and disaster recovery?.
  • Utilizing ssl for transport layer security
  • Handle mailing lists for any domain

How do you manage all these issues together? Don't panic, I will answer all these questions one by one. Be happy and continue to read this howto.

What You Get

  • Web based system administration
  • Unlimited number of domains
  • Virtual mail users without the need for shell accounts
  • Domain specific user names
  • Mailbox quotas
  • Web access to email accounts
  • Web base interface to change user passwords
  • IMAP and POP3 support
  • Auto responders
  • SMTP Authentication for secure relaying
  • SSL for transport layer security
  • Strong SPAM filtering
  • Anti-Virus filtering
  • Log Analysis

Packages Required

The following packages are need to implement our system and most of these packages are in APT repositories. In our installation section you will learn how to install and configure each.

The Big Picture

The following figure shows the big picture of our setup. If you look at it carefully the figure itself is self explanatory. {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=CompleteSetupOverview.png%7D%7D In our setup:

  • Postfix Mail Transfer Agent receives emails via the SMTP protocol and delivers them to different places on your hard disk.
  • MySQL database server stores the information to control the behavior of postfix. It knows about users, domains, email forwarding and passwords.
  • Courier is a standalone mail server just like Postfix but we just use its POP3/IMAP server component to let users access the mailboxes.
  • SASL, the Cyrus library is using to authenticate your users who are dialed in at another ISP while they are on the road they get an IP address outside of your network. Your mail server however only trusts local IP addresses. The SASL ,Simple Authentication and Security Layer, adds authentication to SMTP and makes your mail server trust them.

How Postfix Mappings Work?

It is very important to understand how Postfix mapping works. Heart of our system is Postfix mapping. Let's discuss it here. Don't skip this section. The generic literal meaning of mapping is assign one value to another. What we have to map in Postfix is email user accounts or email address. One example is /etc/aliases, the local aliases or local system users mapping file used by Postfix. The syntax of this file is: 

postmaster: root

This makes all the mails which are coming to [email protected] are redirected to [email protected]. We can divide the above syntax to Left Hand Side LHS and Right Hand Side RHS. This RHS and LHS are common abbreviations which we usually used in mappings. The following table will make this idea even more clear.

LHS RHS
postmaster: root
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png%7D%7D Usually we do not use colon(:) in LHS for Postfix and this has been done for backward compatibility with historical reasons. The local alias file is a special file that is compiled with newaliases command but not with usual Postfix mapping command postmap

With a basic default Postfix installation we use text file for mappings. We write the mappings into this file and then convert it into a hash file using postmap command so Postfix can look up items quickly. For example, assume that we need to map our virtual mailboxes in a file called /etc/Postfix/virtual_mailboxes. The syntax of this file look like: 

[email protected] sigiri
[email protected] kala

You may have noticed that we don't have colon(:) in the LHS of the mappings file Then you need to run: 

postmap /etc/postfix/virtual_mailboxes

You can access this mappings in the Postfix configuration file by including the following line: 

virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_mailboxes

In our setup, we will replace this text mapping files with MySQL tables. Our intention is to make data handling lot more flexible, robust, and scalable. Since database tables can and usually contain more than just two columns you will need to tell Postfix which database column is meant to be the LHS and which is the RHS. This is accomplished by creating a configuration file which will look something like this: 

user = postfix
password = YJiNLQtubgnOE
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
#additional_conditions = and active = '1'

For the purposes of this discussion, lets assume this is saved in a file called /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf. You would then be able to use this mapping in postfix using the following entry in main.cf file. 

virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf

The fields in this configuration file are the user that needs to connect to the MySQL database, password of that MySQL user, dbname, the name of the MySQL database, table ,the name of the table in MySQL database and hosts, the name of the server that MySQL runs on. Postfix uses the this configuration file as a guide on how to use the database table as a mapping similar to the mapping file with two fields described above. The LHS of the mapping is defined as where_field and the RHS is defined as select_field. In this example we will map the maildir column to the username column. Using the configuation, Postfix constructs a SQL query something like select maildir from postfix.mailbox where username='johndoe' to lookup the maildir for a given username. The following table breaks this distiction out:

LHS RHS
where_field select_field
username maildir

How Postfix Virtual Domains Work?

Understanding how virtual domains work is very important to understand how our virtual mail setup works. There are two types of domains in Postfix.

  • Local domains: All domains which are listed as mydestination are treated as local domains by Postfix. Emails for local domains are delivered to system users which are listed in /etc/passwd file and these mails are spooled in /var/mail directory.
  • Virtual domains: In addition to the local domains Postfix can deliver mails for virtual domains. Not like local domains, Postfix will let us to handle virtual domains in a very flexible manner. The good thing is with virtual domains is that we do not need system account in /etc/passwd for each and every mail account. This provides us a way to handle thousands of mail accounts very easily in our mail server system. The mapping which we discussed above is used to handle mail account information. You can use MySQL, PostgreSQL , or LDAP for the user account management. In our setup we use MySQL backend to manage user accounts of virtual domains.

Postfix handles virtual domains as two different categories and need to understand how they work.

  • Virtual alias domains: These domains are used to forward or alias mails from one email address to another email address. Such domains can be used receive mailboxes and store on your hard disk. You do not necessarily need to use virtual alias domains in your setup. Instead we can user virtual_alias_maps even if the domains are not listed as virtual alias domains. The virtual_alias_maps is a general-purpose redirection mapping that works for everything that passes your system including local domains.
  • Virtual mailbox domains: Postfix uses these domains to receive mails for users under the domains and store them in the mailboxes on the hard disk. This is parameter which will simply tell Postfix to receive the mails on behalf of the domain and store them in each user's mailbox. The virtual_mailbox_maps mapping is used by Postfix to determine the location of the mailbox on your hard disk. Please remember that you can still use the virtual_alias_maps mapping to forward email to other mailboxes or external email addresses so not every user on that domain must actually have a mailbox but can also just have the email forwarded somewhere else.
模板:Https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconHint.png It is important to understand that a domain is either a virtual alias domain or a virtual mailbox domain or a local domain. If you make a domain a virtual alias domain you will not be able to receive email for that domain on your server. On the contrary you can use the virtual_alias_maps to forward?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=alias email for both types of domain. So the virtual mailbox domains are generally the more flexible to use.
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D A domain can either be virtual or local and you can not use one domain in the both of these roles. Please never both. So if you decide you want your default domain be a virtual domain then remove it from the mydestination definition. Just leave it blank or set it to mydestination=localhost. Email addresses like root@localhost would then be delivered to the local root user.

Installing a Ubuntu Server System

In this howto I assume that you already know how to setup a Ubuntu server system. I would suggest you to do a Ubuntu server installation without a GUI. If you want to know more about installation look here

DNS Setup

This how to assumes that you already have at least one valid registered domain with an MX record setup for that domain. Setting up a BIND DNS server can be learned here

Package Installation and Configuration

You will to have install and configure all packages which I have mentioned in the "Package Required" section. Let's deal with one by one.

Postfix Base Server Installation

Here we install Postfix and other packages which Postfix requires connect with a MySQL backend.

Installing Postfix

When you install Postfix I would suggest to select "Internet Site" option. To install Postfix, you need to install the postfix package. For Postfix documentation, you need the postfix-doc package.

Installing MySQL map support for Postfix

We need to add MySQL mapping support for Postfix. Hope that you have already read How Postfix Mappings Work? section in this howto. To install postfix-mysql, install the postfix-mysql package. To install MySQL client program, install the mysql-client package. To install MySQL server, install the mysql-server package.

Installing Packages for Client Access and Authentication

We will need to offer our user IMAP/POP3 access. Our setup will offer those using the following packages. To provide client authentication, install the courier-authdaemon package. To add MySQL support for courier-authdaemon, install the courier-authmysql package. On Ubuntu 7.10, courier-authmysql seems deprecated, install courier-authlib-mysql instead. To provide unencrypted POP3 access, install the courier-pop package. To provide SSL-encrypted POP3 access, install the courier-pop-ssl package. To provide unencrypted IMAP access, install the courier-imap package. To provide SSL-encrypted IMAP access , install the courier-imap-ssl package.

Installing package for SMTP authentication

Our system will allow road-warriors to send email through our server using authenticated SMTP. This will basically stop unauthorized relaying through our mail server. Not only we are authenticating our user's when they are retrieving mails but also we authenticate them when they are sending mails as well. To provide encrypted authenticated SMTP, install the postfix-tls package. This may have already installed with postfix. If so,leave it. To install Cyrus SASL library, install the libsasl2 package. To add authentication mechanisms for the SASL library, install the libsasl2-modules package. To add MySQL support authentication mechanisms with the SASL library, install the libsasl2-modules-sql package. To create certificates, install the openssl package.

Setting MySQL Backend

Now that we have installed packages required to prepare a MySQL backend for Postfix. In this section we will configure MySQL database for Postfix.

Setting MySQL root Password

Please note that MySQL root is different from Linux root account. It is the account which which users can use to get administrative previlege with MySQL database sever. Initial installation of MySQL has no password fro root account. If you have not setup a password for MySQL root yet, this is the time for you to do so. There are few ways to do the same and I will present two of them here. Please user either one of them. To set MySQL root in the command prompt: 

$ sudo mysqladmin -u root password rootpassword

or you can use the following steps to do the same 

$ mysql -u root

Then in the mysql prompt type: 

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('rootpassword');

Don't forget set a good password rootpassword

Setting MySQL Database for Impatient Users

The schema is based on the postfixadmin MySQL schema. If you are impatient you can driectly create the tables using following steps. 

$ editor postfixadmin-mysql.sql

Then copy and paste the following script to the above file and save it. Replace postfixpassword on the INSERT INTO user line with a password of your choosing for the postfix user. Do the same for the postfixadmin password. To create the database, type in a terminal. 

$ mysql -u root -p < postfixadmin-mysql.sql

#------------------------------------Start copy-------------------------------------
#
# Postfix Admin
# by Mischa Peters <mischa at high5 dot net>
# Copyright (c) 2002 - 2005 High5!
# License Info: http://www.postfixadmin.com/?file=LICENSE.TXT
#

# This is the complete MySQL database structure for Postfix Admin.
# If you are installing from scratch you can use this file otherwise you
# need to use the TABLE_CHANGES.TXT or TABLE_BACKUP_MX.TXT that comes with Postfix Admin.
#
# There are 2 entries for a database user in the file.
# One you can use for Postfix and one for Postfix Admin.
#
# If you run this file twice (2x) you will get an error on the user creation in MySQL.
# To go around this you can either comment the lines below "USE MySQL" until "USE postfix".
# Or you can remove the users from the database and run it again.
#
# You can create the database from the shell with:
#
# mysql -u root [-p] < DATABASE_MYSQL.TXT

#
# Postfix / MySQL
#
CREATE DATABASE postfix;

GRANT SELECT ON postfix.* TO postfix@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'postfixpassword';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON postfix.* TO postfixadmin@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'postfixadmin';

USE postfix;
#
# Table structure for table admin
#
CREATE TABLE admin (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  password varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (username),
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Admins';

#
# Table structure for table alias
#
CREATE TABLE alias (
  address varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  goto text NOT NULL,
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (address),
  KEY address (address)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Aliases';

#
# Table structure for table domain
#
CREATE TABLE domain (
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  description varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  aliases int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  mailboxes int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  maxquota int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  transport varchar(255) default NULL,
  backupmx tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '0',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (domain),
  KEY domain (domain)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Domains';

#
# Table structure for table domain_admins
#
CREATE TABLE domain_admins (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Domain Admins';

#
# Table structure for table log
#
CREATE TABLE log (
  timestamp datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  action varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  data varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  KEY timestamp (timestamp)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Log';

#
# Table structure for table mailbox
#
CREATE TABLE mailbox (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  password varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  name varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  maildir varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  quota int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (username),
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Mailboxes';

#
# Table structure for table vacation
#
CREATE TABLE vacation (
  email varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  subject varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  body text NOT NULL,
  cache text NOT NULL,
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (email),
  KEY email (email)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Vacation';
#------------------------------------End copy-------------------------------------

Step by Step Database Setup

The users who are wish to setup database step by step can use the following steps and understand what table is using what purpose.

Setting up Database, Users, and Privileges

Connect to MySQL database as root 

$ mysql -u root -p

Then execute the following SQL commands. To create and use the database: 

mysql> CREATE DATABASE postfix;
mysql> USE postfix;

To create Postfix user & set password (replace postfixpassword with a password of your choosing): 

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON postfix.* TO postfix@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'postfixpassword';

To create Postfix Admin user & set password (replace postfixadmin with a password of your choosing): 

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON postfix.* TO postfixadmin@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'postfixadmin';

Create the Table Admin

This table is used create the administrators for our virtual mail system. The admin user will be able create, modify, and delete virtadomain administrators, mailboxes and other administrative tasks in the mail system. Postfix is not using this table. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt. 

CREATE TABLE admin (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  password varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (username),
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Admins';

Create the Alias table

Postfix is using the "address" and "goto" column. Courier is not using this table.

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint.png%7D%7D This table can be used for virtual .forward files. This table is nothing more than /etc/aliases that you will find on any *nix OS. Multiple destination email addresses need to be separated by a "," (comma).

Following is the table structure for table alias. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt 

CREATE TABLE alias (
  address varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  goto text NOT NULL,
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (address),
  KEY address (address)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Aliases';

Create the Domain table

Postfix is using the "domain" and "description" column. Courier is not using this table. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt 

CREATE TABLE domain (
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  description varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  aliases int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  mailboxes int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  maxquota int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  transport varchar(255) default NULL,
  backupmx tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '0',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (domain),
  KEY domain (domain)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Domains';

Create the Domain Admin Table

Table structure for table domain_admins. This table is used to create individual administrators for each virtual domain. Postfix or Courier is not using this table. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt. 

CREATE TABLE domain_admins (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Domain Admins';

Create the Mailbox Table

Postfix is using the "username" and "maildir" column while Courier is using the "username", "password", "name" and "maildir" column. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt. 

CREATE TABLE mailbox (
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  password varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  name varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  maildir varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  quota int(10) NOT NULL default '0',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  modified datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (username),
  KEY username (username)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Mailboxes';

Create the Log Table

Postfix or Courier is not using this table. Instead this table is used to log the activities of domain administrators and mailbox users. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt. 

CREATE TABLE log (
  timestamp datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  username varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  action varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  data varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  KEY timestamp (timestamp)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Log';

Create the Vacation Table

Virual Vacation is done with a local shell account that can receive email. The email is then handled by a Perl script which sends the Vacation message back to the sender. Copy and paste the sql statement to your mysql> prompt. 

CREATE TABLE vacation (
  email varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  subject varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  body text NOT NULL,
  cache text NOT NULL,
  domain varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  created datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  active tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '1',
  PRIMARY KEY  (email),
  KEY email (email)
) COMMENT='Postfix Admin - Virtual Vacation';

Setting Postfix MySQL Maps

As specified earlier in this document you need to tell Postfix where the control information is stored in the database. You need to create the following four text files in /etc/postfix for that reason. Note that in the files we create below, we specify 127.0.0.1 for the hosts field instead of localhost. This is because Postfix is run in a chroot environment, and if you specify localhost Postfix will try to connct to the MySQL deamon using a unix socket in the directory /var/run/mysql, to which it will not have access. Using 127.0.0.1 forces Postfix to connect using a TCP/IP socket, which will work in the chroot environment.

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D In all files below we use postfixpassword for the password field. You will want to change this password to one of your own choosing for security reasons. You will also not want to post these configuration files when asking for help on the forums without changing the password field for obvious reasons.

Creating Virtual Alias Maps

Postfix will use this file for Virtual Alias Maps and it will use The LHS of the mapping is defined as where_field and the RHS is defined as select_field. In this file it would be a mapping of the address column to the goto column. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf

Then add the following code segment to the above file. 

user = postfix
password = postfixpassword
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address

Virtual Domain Maps

Posfix is only using domain field from this table. For domains we do not need to map LHS and RHS. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf

Then add the following code segment to the above file. 

user = postfix
password = postfixpassword
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = domain
where_field = domain
#additional_conditions = and backupmx = '0' and active = '1'

Virtual Mailbox Maps

Postfix will map username column with maildir querying mailbox table. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf

Then add the following code segment to the above file. 

user = postfix
password = postfixpassword
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
#additional_conditions = and active = '1'

Virtual Mailbox Quota Maps

Postfix will this maps to handle the quota for virtual mailboxes. Username column will be mapped with the quota column in the mailbox table. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf

Then add the following code segment to the above file. 

user = postfix
password = postfixpassword
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
#additional_conditions = and active = '1'

Relay Domain Maps

If you are going to use your mail system only for hosting backup MX for some virtual domains then you need this mapping to tell the Postfix to enable the relaying for these domains. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/mysql_relay_domains_maps.cf

Then add the following code segment to the above file. 

user = postfix
password = postfixpassword
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = domain
where_field = domain
additional_conditions = and backupmx = '1'
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning.png%7D%7D%7C%7CFor security concerns you should let all these to be read by root only. If you let other users in the system to read these files, every body on your system can read the postfix database access password which is written in plain text and find out information about user accounts and alter them in the database. Dangerous!!!.

Execute the following commands to make these file secure from others. To set the group of these files to postfix: 

$ sudo chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/mysql_*.cf

To make the file readable by the group: 

$ sudo chmod 640 /etc/postfix/mysql_*.cf

Create a vmail user

Our system can hold mailboxes for thousands of users. All of these users are virtual users and none of them is a Linux system user, hence these users can not store their mail in our system's hard disk. You probably do not want to assign a unique UID (user ID) to every user, so let's create a Linux user who will become the owner of all mailboxes. 

$ sudo groupadd -g 5000 vmail
$ sudo useradd -m -g vmail -u 5000 -d /home/vmail -s /bin/bash vmail

Configuring Postfix with MySQL maps

We have already created our MySQL maps config files and now the time is to setup Postfix main.cf file so that Postfix can query MySQL database for virtual mailboxes and domains. Open the main.cf file. 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/main.cf

Then add the following code segment to main.cf 

# Virtual Mailbox Domain Settings

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 51200000
virtual_minimum_uid = 5000
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail
virtual_transport = virtual

# Additional for quota support

virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes
virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the your maildir has overdrawn your diskspace quota, please free up some of spaces of your mailbox try again.
virtual_overquota_bounce = yes

Setting up Postfix

Postfix has several hundred configuration parameters that are controlled via the main.cf file. Fortunately, all parameters have sensible default values. We only have to define the following parameters 

$ sudo editor /etc/postfix/main.cf

#The host name where your MX for virtual domains will point to
myhostname = mail.domain.com  
mydestination = #Remains blank since we are going to host virtual domains
relayhost = #Remains blank unless you are going to use your ISP's SMTP server mail sending out mails. In which case it would be set to the host name of the ISP's SMTP server

Leave the following to their default values 

alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mynetworks = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all

Enhanced Mail Services

Postfixadmin

dpkg -i postfixadmin_2.2.0-1rc1_all.deb

Warning: this package does not contains mysql scripts. You could use one from the svn version. I hope this will be fixed soon in released 2.2.

  • setup databases

(warning: it could overlapped databases created manualy before) do not forget to change passwords in DATABASE_MYSQL.TXT 

 cat DATABASE_MYSQL.TXT|mysql -u root -p
  • restart apache2
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  • edit /usr/share/postfixadmin/config.inc.php and setup database password and set the flag "configured"=true
  • browse to http://localhost/postfixadmin
  • now you can add domains and mailboxes
    • TODO** rewrite this part with release 2.2

Courier-IMAP and Authentication Services

  • In /etc/courier/authmysqlrc
MYSQL_SERVER 127.0.0.1
MYSQL_USERNAME postfix
MYSQL_PASSWORD thepassword
MYSQL_DATABASE postfix
MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password
#MYSQL_CLEAR_PWFIELD     password
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD maildir
MYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD concat(quota,'S')
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD        '/home/vmail'
MYSQL_UID_FIELD '5000'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD '5000'
  • Restart daemons and checks logs:
 /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart ; /etc/init.d/courier-imap restart; /etc/init.d/courier-pop restart
 tail -f /var/log/mail*

SMTP Authentication

A good documentation : http://www.starbridge.org/spip/spip.php?article1 In /etc/postfix/main.cf add 

smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service,inet
# modify the existing smtpd_sender_restrictions
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
# then add these
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = /etc/postfix/sasl:/usr/lib/sasl2
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =

In /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf 

pwcheck_method: auxprop
auxprop_plugin: sql
mech_list: plain login cram-md5 digest-md5
sql_engine: mysql
sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1
sql_user: postfix
sql_passwd: yourpassword
sql_database: postfix
sql_select: select passwd from mailbox where username='%u@%r' and active = 1

Web Access

SquirrelMail is a standards-based webmail package written in PHP. It includes built-in pure PHP support for the IMAP and SMTP protocols, and all pages render in pure HTML 4.0 (with no JavaScript required) for maximum compatibility across browsers. It has very few requirements and is very easy to configure and install. SquirrelMail has all the functionality you would want from an email client, including strong MIME support, address books, and folder manipulation. SUORCE: SquirrelMail home page 

$ sudo apt-get install squirrelmail

Refining the Setup

Anti-Spam Configuration

Installing Amavisd and Spamassassin

Quarantine and Spam Management

Auto and Per-Recipient White/Black Lists

Amavis/Spamassassin UI

GreyListing

Distributed and Collaborative Networks

Anti-Virus Configuration

Configuring for ClamAV

Log Analyzer

Install and Configure AWStats

Wrapping it Up

Final Changes and Troubleshooting

Other links

Until this article will be finished, you can find very similiar one here: [[1]] created by Ivar Abrahamsen Howto created by: ChinthakaDeshapriya.

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=特殊:Badtitle/NS100:PostfixCompleteVirtualMailSystemHowto&oldid=93162”