特殊:Badtitle/NS100:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora：修订间差异

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Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.
Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
|<rowstyle="background: #7D590E; color: white; text-align:center"> '''Task''' || '''Red Hat/Fedora''' || '''Ubuntu'''  
| '''Task''' || '''Red Hat/Fedora''' || '''Ubuntu'''  
|-
|-
|||||<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A">'''Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages'''
|||||'''Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages'''
|-
|-
| Refresh list of available packages || Yum refreshes each time it's used || apt-get update  
| Refresh list of available packages || Yum refreshes each time it's used || apt-get update  
第34行： 第34行：
| Upgrade the entire system || yum upgrade || apt-get dist-upgrade  
| Upgrade the entire system || yum upgrade || apt-get dist-upgrade  
|-
|-
|||||<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A">'''Package Information'''
|||||'''Package Information'''
|-
|-
| Get information about an available package || yum search ''package_name'' || apt-cache show ''package_name''  
| Get information about an available package || yum search ''package_name'' || apt-cache show ''package_name''  
第54行： 第54行：
| Show other packages that depend on a <br> given package (reverse dependency) || rpm -q -whatrequires [args] || apt-cache rdepends  
| Show other packages that depend on a <br> given package (reverse dependency) || rpm -q -whatrequires [args] || apt-cache rdepends  
|-
|-
|||||<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A">'''Package File Information'''
|||||'''Package File Information'''
|-
|-
| Get information about a package file || rpm -qpi ''package.rpm'' || dpkg --info ''package.deb''  
| Get information about a package file || rpm -qpi ''package.rpm'' || dpkg --info ''package.deb''  
第70行： 第70行：
| Find package that provides a particular file || yum provides ''filename'' || apt-file search ''filename''  
| Find package that provides a particular file || yum provides ''filename'' || apt-file search ''filename''  
|-
|-
|||||<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A">'''Misc. Packaging System Tools'''
|||||'''Misc. Packaging System Tools'''
|-
|-
| Show stats about the package cache || - || apt-cache stats  
| Show stats about the package cache || - || apt-cache stats  
第82行： 第82行：
| Remove header files from the local cache directory <br> (forcing a new download of same on next use) || yum clean headers || apt-file purge  
| Remove header files from the local cache directory <br> (forcing a new download of same on next use) || yum clean headers || apt-file purge  
|-
|-
|||||<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A">'''General Packaging System Information'''
|||||'''General Packaging System Information'''
|-
|-
| Package file extension || *.rpm || *.deb  
| Package file extension || *.rpm || *.deb  
第97行： 第97行：
Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The ''apache''/''httpd'' service is used as an example.
Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The ''apache''/''httpd'' service is used as an example.
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
{|border="1" cellspacing="0"
|<rowstyle="background: #D9BB7A; text-align:center"> '''Task''' ||  '''Red Hat / Fedora'''  || '''Ubuntu''' || '''Ubuntu''' <br> (with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig)  
| '''Task''' ||  '''Red Hat / Fedora'''  || '''Ubuntu''' || '''Ubuntu''' <br> (with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig)  
|-
|-
| '''Starting/stopping services immediately''' || service httpd start || /etc/init.d/apache start || service apache start  
| '''Starting/stopping services immediately''' || service httpd start || /etc/init.d/apache start || service apache start  

2007年12月6日 (四) 10:55的版本

文章出处: 

{{#if: | {{{2}}} | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora }}

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{{#ifeq:UbuntuHelp:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora|:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora|请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。}}

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  1. title Switching to Ubuntu from Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora

It is easy to apply your existing knowledge of Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora to Ubuntu. The key differences between them are covered in this article.

Administrative Tasks

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora by default, each administrative user needs to know the root password, in addition to their own password. In Ubuntu, each user only has one password. Users in the admin group can run command line and graphical applications with elevated privileges. Graphical admin tools prompt for this password when run, and command line tools can be run with root-privileges using sudo.

Package Management

Ubuntu has more than three times as many packages available as Fedora (reference), so you'll have more chance of finding what you want in the repositories. Graphical applications will put a link into Ubuntu's Applications menu.

Graphical Tools

The Synaptic package Manager is an excellent tool for finding, fetching and installing packages. Press System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager to start Synaptic.

Command Line Tools

Ubuntu uses apt-get instead of yum, up2date and so on to find, download, and install packages and their dependencies. Note that, unlike yum, apt-get is only for packages available in repositories - it cannot handle packages you have already downloaded. The dpkg command is used instead.

Table of Equivalent Commands

Below is a table of equivalent commands for package management on both Ubuntu/Debian and Red Hat/Fedora systems.

Task Red Hat/Fedora Ubuntu
Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages
Refresh list of available packages Yum refreshes each time it's used apt-get update
Install a package from a repository yum install package_name apt-get install package_name
Install a package file yum install package.rpm
rpm -i package.rpm		 dpkg --install package.deb
Remove a package rpm -e package_name apt-get remove package_name
Check for package upgrades yum check-update apt-get -s upgrade
apt-get -s dist-upgrade
Upgrade packages yum update
rpm -Uvh [args]		 apt-get dist-upgrade
Upgrade the entire system yum upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade
Package Information
Get information about an available package yum search package_name apt-cache show package_name
Show available packages yum list available apt-cache dumpavail
List all installed packages yum list installed
rpm -qa		 dpkg --list
Get information about an installed package yum info package_name
rpm -qi package_name		 dpkg --status package_name
List files in an installed package rpm -ql package_name dpkg --listfiles package_name
List documentation files in an installed package rpm -qd package_name -
List configuration files in an installed package rpm -qc package_name -
Show the packages a given package depends on - apt-cache depends
Show other packages that depend on a
given package (reverse dependency)		 rpm -q -whatrequires [args] apt-cache rdepends
Package File Information
Get information about a package file rpm -qpi package.rpm dpkg --info package.deb
List files in a package file rpm -qpl package.rpm dpkg --contents package.deb
List documentation files in a package file rpm -qpd package.rpm -
List configuration files in a package file rpm -qpc package.rpm -
Extract files in a package cpio -vid dpkg-deb --extract package.deb dir-to-extract-to
Find package that installed a file rpm -qf filename dpkg --search filename
Find package that provides a particular file yum provides filename apt-file search filename
Misc. Packaging System Tools
Show stats about the package cache - apt-cache stats
Verify all installed packages rpm -Va debsums
Remove packages from the local cache directory yum clean packages apt-get clean
Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory - apt-get autoclean
Remove header files from the local cache directory
(forcing a new download of same on next use)		 yum clean headers apt-file purge
General Packaging System Information
Package file extension *.rpm *.deb
Repository location configuration /etc/yum.conf /etc/apt/sources.list

Some of the information in this table was derived (with permission) from APT and RPM Packager Lookup Tables. More technical information about Debian-style packaging can be found in Basics of the Debian package management system and the Debian New Maintainers' Guide.

Services

Services on Ubuntu are managed in a broadly similar way to those on Red Hat.

Graphical Tools

Services can be configured by clicking System -> Administration -> Services. A tool called Boot-Up Manager is also available.

Command Line Tools

Below is a table of example commands for managing services. The apache/httpd service is used as an example.

Task Red Hat / Fedora Ubuntu Ubuntu
(with sysv-rc-conf or sysvconfig)
Starting/stopping services immediately service httpd start /etc/init.d/apache start service apache start
Enabling a service at boot chkconfig httpd on update-rc.d apache defaults sysv-rc-conf apache on
Disabling a service at boot chkconfig httpd off update-rc.d apache purge sysv-rc-conf apache off

Note: Whereas Red Hat and Fedora servers boot into runlevel 3 by default, Ubuntu servers default to runlevel 2.

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=特殊:Badtitle/NS100:SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora&oldid=62180”