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{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot}}
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot}}
#title Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows
#title Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows
<<Include(Tag/StyleCleanup)>>
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
This page describes how to easily set up your computer to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows.
This page describes how to set up your computer in order to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows.
== Installing Ubuntu after Windows ==
== Back Up Your Data ==
It is much easier to install Windows and then Ubuntu, so if Windows isn't already installed, install it first. If you leave space for Ubuntu at this step you don't have to resize your NTFS partition later saving a bit of time.
Although this may seem obvious, it is important to [[UbuntuHelp:BackupYourSystem|| backup]] your data files to an external backup medium before attempting a dual-boot install (or any other hard drive manipulation), in case your hard drive becomes corrupted during the process. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are useful as external backup media.
=== Backing Up Your Data And Operating System ===
== Have a Windows recovery CD/DVD available ==
Although this may seem obvious, do please [[UbuntuHelp:BackupYourSystem|| backup]] your important data files to another media before attempting a dual boot install. Many backup solutions exist for Windows users, but the easiest one may be to just plug in a USB flash drive or other external storage with enough space on it, or create as many CDs or DVDs with copies of your data as required. (Maybe you can borrow a USB hard drive from a friend if you don't have one.)
Many computer manufacturers that pre-install Windows provide a Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD with the computer.
''Have your recovery CD or DVD handy'' - Most systems which are delivered with Windows already installed also come with some sort of recovery or re-installation disk. There is a recent tendency for companies to try to save money and not ship such a disk.  Instead, they provide you a hidden partition on which there is a recovery tool and an image of the pre-installed system.
However, many companies no longer ship a physical disk but instead create a hidden partition on the hard drive in which the recovery-disk information is stored. A utility is then usually provided which allows the user to burn a recovery/re-installation CD or DVD from it. If you are buying a new computer and intent on dual-booting, make sure you have (or can make) a physical Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD. If neither a CD/DVD nor a recovery partition/burning utility is provided by your computer manufacturer, you may need to telephone your vendor and ask for a CD or DVD (to which you are normally entitled under the Windows EULA).
If you are buying a new computer and intend on dual booting, perhaps it would be a good idea to inquire if you can get a Windows install or recovery media (CD or DVD), if one is not provided by default. The only solution is to telephone your vendor and ask for a proper CD or DVD, which you are normally entitled to.
It is very important to have such a physical recovery/re-installation CD/DVD prior to changing your hard drive, in case your hard drive becomes corrupted in the process (and the recovery partition thereby becomes unavailable for use).
There is no mention in the Windows End User License Agreement (EULA) of the partitioning of the hard drive(s) being against it.  Just because the tool they provide for system restore is not adequate does not mean you are prohibited from using another tool.
Once you have created a physical backup disk from a restore-image partition on the hard-drive, the restore-image partition can either be removed or left in place. Ubuntu can be installed with it intact without problems.
According to the Windows EULA, you are entitled to a backup copy of your OS.  While your vendor is not really obliged to provide you with one, having such image tools pre-installed on your computer in no way prohibits you from obtaining a proper backup of your installation CD.  You can remove the restore-image tools from your computer at any time, although Ubuntu can happily be installed alongside them and keep them intact.
=== Getting Recovery Media ===
The problem with that is if your partition table becomes corrupt, or if you have hardware problem with your disk, recovery from an internal partition is not an option.
You may need to request a physical recovery/re-installation CD or DVD directly from your computer manufacturer. Here are some resources:
''Example request for Windows OS CD / DVD recovery media:''
"I am about to install Ubuntu Linux and that will change my partition table.  I was not given an OS install disk with my system, but a system restore program which is on a hidden partition.  If, for some reason, the PC restore tool is no longer able to find the image partition, I would not be able to restore my system. The system restore tools that came with my system are not adequate for my needs.  I need an operating system disk. Would you send me one?"
==== Getting Recovery Media ====
* [http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/dsn/en/document?c=us&cs=19&docid=287034&l=en&s=dhs&redirect=1#7 Dell Operating System (OS) Recovery CD Creation and Manual Operating System Reinstall]
* [http://support.dell.com/support/topics/global.aspx/support/dsn/en/document?c=us&cs=19&docid=287034&l=en&s=dhs&redirect=1#7 Dell Operating System (OS) Recovery CD Creation and Manual Operating System Reinstall]
* [http://support.dell.com/pcrt Other related links and information for Dell owners]
* [http://support.dell.com/pcrt Other related links and information for Dell owners]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-4M7HWZ How can I get a Product Recovery CD or DVD?] - for Lenovo owners
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-4M7HWZ Lenovo Product Recovery CD or DVD]
* [http://www.mydigitallife.info/2006/01/18/ibm-lenovo-thinkpad-recovery-cd/ Someone's experience getting recovery CDs from IBM for a Thinkpad]
* [http://www.mydigitallife.info/2006/01/18/ibm-lenovo-thinkpad-recovery-cd/ Getting recovery CDs from IBM for a Thinkpad]
* [http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/genericDocument?cc=us&docname=bph07143&lc=en Obtaining a Windows Recovery CD or DVD set] - for HP and Compaq Desktop PCs owners
* [http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/genericDocument?cc=us&docname=bph07143&lc=en Obtaining a Windows Recovery CD or DVD set for HP and Compaq PCs]
=== Beginning Ubuntu Installation ===
== Install Ubuntu after Windows ==
<ol><li>Boot into Windows or using an Ubuntu Live CD and [[UbuntuHelp:[head-009b592d724f498a1433d410f28bdc042a486f05|backup]]] any valuable documents/photos etc. onto removable media such as CD-R/DVD-R.
In general, a Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular and because Windows installers tend to overwrite the entire hard drive (potentially wiping out any other data stored on it). If Windows isn't already installed, install it first. If you are able to [[UbuntuHelp:PartitioningSchemes|partition the drive]] prior to installing Windows, leave space for Ubuntu during the initial partitioning process. Then you won't have to resize your NTFS partition to make room for Ubuntu later (saving a bit of time).
</li><li>Run the Windows defragmentation tool on C: (My Computer, Right click on drive, Properties, Tools, Defragment Now)
When a Windows installation already occupies the entire hard drive, its partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Ubuntu partition. See [[UbuntuHelp:HowtoResizeWindowsPartitions|How to Resize Windows Partitions]] to learn how to do this.
</li><li>Download and burn, or order a CD</li></ol>
This can be done through Control Panel -> Administrative tools -> Computer Management -> Disk Management. You can then use the partition manager to shrink the partitions. As a side note, you can only create free space to the right of a partition.
 
If you have resized the windows 7 /vista partitions and cannot boot up windows, you can use the instructions from [[UbuntuHelp:RecoveringWindows#Resizing|Windows Vista / 7 Partitions|WindowsRecovery]] to fix it.
* Download Ubuntu iso from [http://www.ubuntulinux.org/download/ List of Download Mirrors] and create the Ubuntu CD : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto
Once free space has been created on the hard drive, it is easy to install Ubuntu as the second operating system (and it is done automatically) from the Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]. Allow the Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] to install to "largest available free space" (if you have left unallocated free space), or manually into a partition that you have already created for Ubuntu. 
* Or [http://shipit.ubuntulinux.org/ Order Ubuntu CDs] (currently free!, please use ''judiciously'')
=== Install Ubuntu ===
<ol><li>Once you have the CD, insert it into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.</li></ol>
* Download an Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] image (.iso) from [http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download Ubuntu Downloads] and burn an Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] (see [[UbuntuHelp:BurningIsoHowto|BurningIsoHowto]]).
 
* Insert the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.
* If the computer does not boot from the CD (eg. Windows starts again instead), check your BIOS settings and fix as appropriate.
* If the computer does not boot from the CD (eg. Windows starts again instead), check your BIOS settings and adjust them so that booting from the CD is allowed.
<ol><li>If successfully booted from CD, the Ubuntu logo will be displayed on the screen. Press Enter to continue.
* Proceed with installation until you are asked this question: "How do you want to partition the disk ?".
</li><li>Follow the prompts until you are asked this question: "How do you want to partition the disk ?".</li></ol>
==== Resizing Partitions Using the Ubuntu Installer ====
 
===== Automatic partition resizing =====
=== Resizing partitions with Windows Vista ===
* Choose the First Option (It should be something like: "Resize IDE1 master, partition #1 (hda1) and use freed space").
Windows Vista can shrink its own partition without the need to use third-party software.  See [http://vistarewired.com/2007/02/16/how-to-resize-a-partition-in-windows-vista/ this link]. If you are running Windows Vista, shrink down your partition through that method, and then boot Ubuntu. The Ubuntu installer will use the free space you created.
* Specify the size of the new partition as a percentage of your entire hard disk.
=== Resizing Partitions Using the Ubuntu Installer ===
* Click on "Forward".
==== Automatic partitioning ====
* Continue to [[UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot#head-6852d2e9b3e03d350a4271b58e3bdea4bbe81ad8|Finishing|Ubuntu Installation]]
<ol><li>Choose the First Option (It should be something like: "Resize IDE1 master, partition #1 (hda1) and use freed space").
===== Manual partitioning =====
</li><li>Specify the size of the new partition as a percentage of your entire hard disk.
* Choose "Manually edit partition table"
</li><li>Click on "Forward".
</li><li>continue to [[UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot#head-6852d2e9b3e03d350a4271b58e3bdea4bbe81ad8|Finishing|Ubuntu Installation]]</li></ol>
 
==== Manual partitioning ====
<ol><li>Choose "Manually edit partition table"</li></ol>
 
* Listed will be your current partitions
* Listed will be your current partitions
<ol><li>Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
* Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
</li><li>Select "Size:", press Enter.
* Select "Size:", press Enter.
</li><li>Select Yes, press Enter.
* Select Yes, press Enter.
</li><li>Type in a new size in Gigabytes for your partition, it's recommended you free up AT LEAST 10 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install. Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
* Type in a new size in Gigabytes for your partition, it's recommended you free up AT LEAST 10 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install. Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
</li><li>Create a swap partition of at least your amount of RAM (if you don't know, 2000 MB is a good value).
* Create a swap partition of at least your amount of RAM (if you don't know, 2000 MB is a good value).
</li><li>Create a partition for your Ubuntu installation, at least 10 GB.
* Create a partition for your Ubuntu installation, at least 10 GB.
</li><li>Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk".</li></ol>
* Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk".
 
=== Finishing Ubuntu Installation ===
<ol><li>Finish installing your Ubuntu system.
</li><li>On reboot, remove your Ubuntu cdrom from the cdrom drive, you should be presented with a list of operating systems to boot. Ubuntu should have automatically detected your Windows installation and added an option to boot it on this screen.</li></ol>
 
=== Disadvantage of Installing Ubuntu after Windows ===
This is an optional tip for advanced users to make Ubuntu faster. The rotating hard drive does not have the same performance over all cylinders. The speed of the disk relative to the head is larger at the disk outer edge than near the center of the disk. Therefore rotating disks may have read/write rate 60 MB/sec at the cylinders  with lowest numbers (near the outer edge), but only 30-40 MB/sec at cylinders with highest numbers (near the center). So if you just shrink Windows partition and then install Ubuntu, you end up with Windows on the fast side the disk and Ubuntu on the slow side. For faster Ubuntu, install Ubuntu first, and then install Windows. Note that sometimes Windows refuses to be installed anywhere but in the disk partition 1. In such a case, during Ubuntu installation, create your Ubuntu partitions 2,3, and perhaps 4 at low numbered cylinders, and leave unused partition 1 and some amount of high numbered cylinders for Windows. During Windows installation, Windows will set up partition 1 in the slow high numbered cylinders.
== Master Boot Record and Boot Manager ==
== Master Boot Record and Boot Manager ==
GNU/GRUB is the boot manager installed in Ubuntu by default. If you use the Alternate CD you can choose Lilo instead. GRUB and Lilo are both good Open Source boot managers so the main parts of the boot loaders are installed inside Ubuntu. This means Ubuntu is independant and avoids any need for writing to other operating systems. To accomplish this, the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk. The MBR code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. You will be presented with a list of operating systems and you can choose one to boot. If you do nothing Ubuntu will boot after a ten second countdown. If you select Windows then GRUB or Lilo will chainload Windows for you at the Windows boot sector, which is the first sector of the Windows partition.
GNU/GRUB2 is the boot manager installed in Ubuntu by default. If you use the Alternate CD you can choose Lilo instead. GRUB2, GRUB and Lilo are good Open Source boot managers so the main parts of the boot loaders are installed inside Ubuntu. This means Ubuntu is independent and avoids any need for writing to other operating systems. To accomplish this, the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk. The MBR code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. You will be presented with a list of operating systems and you can choose one to boot. If you do nothing Ubuntu will boot after a ten second countdown. If you select Windows then GRUB or Lilo will chain-load Windows for you at the Windows boot sector, which is the first sector of the Windows partition.
If you have a problem with changing the MBR code, you might prefer to just install the code for pointing to GRUB to the first sector of your Ubuntu partition instead. If you do that during the Ubuntu installation process, then Ubuntu won't boot until you configure some other boot manager to point to Ubuntu's boot sector.
If you have a problem with changing the MBR code, you might prefer to just install the code for pointing to GRUB to the first sector of your Ubuntu partition instead. If you do that during the Ubuntu installation process, then Ubuntu won't boot until you configure some other boot manager to point to Ubuntu's boot sector.
Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read [http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=112156] about it.
Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read [http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=112156] about it.
Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called [http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1 EasyBCD], developed and mastered in during the times of Vista Beta already. EasyBCD is user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend EasyBCD.
Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called [http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1 EasyBCD], developed and mastered in during the times of Vista Beta already. EasyBCD is user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend EasyBCD.
== Installing Windows After Ubuntu  ==
== Installing Windows After Ubuntu  ==
Normally when Windows is installed after Ubuntu the master boot record will be overwritten. This means that you would have to boot off a [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] and re-install grub. However, here is an alternative method:
Normally when Windows is installed after Ubuntu the "Master Boot Record", MBR, will be overwritten. You can bootup off a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]] and repair the MBR. However, there are 2 different approaches:
<ol><li>Create an NTFS partition for windows (using fdisk or whatever tool you are familiar with)
</li><li>Backup the boot sector e.g. <code><nowiki>dd if=/dev/hda of=/mbr.bin bs=512 count=1</nowiki></code>
</li><li>Install windows
</li><li>Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
</li><li>Mount your root partition in the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
</li><li>Restore the boot sector e.g. <code><nowiki>dd if=/media/hda/mbr.bin of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1</nowiki></code>
</li><li>Restart and Ubuntu will boot
</li><li>Setup grub to boot windows</li></ol>
 
<<Anchor(recovering-grub)>>
<<Anchor(recovering-grub)>>
== Recovering GRUB after reinstalling Windows  ==
=== Recovering GRUB after reinstalling Windows  ===
As above, when Windows is reinstalled, the master boot record will be overwritten. This can be avoided by backing up the boot sector, by following the instructions from step 2 in the above section 'Installing Windows After Ubuntu'. An alternative method, which has the advantage of not requiring forward planning, is to use the Ubuntu [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] to reinstall the GRUB boot sector, here are step-by-step instructions, to be run after Windows has been reinstalled:
There are also these help guides
<ol><li>Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
* https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows
</li><li>Open a terminal
* https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Reinstalling%20from%20[[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
</li><li>Open the GRUB Command line utility by typing</li></ol>
Which should help with any install of Ubuntu now.
 
For some simple cases the advice below might help
==== Ubuntu 10.04 or 9.10 ====
Sorry, definitely use this guide
* https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#Reinstalling%20from%20[[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
==== Ubuntu 9.10 & earlier ====
The older Grub, sometimes called Grub-legacy or perhaps Grub1 was used up until Ubuntu 9.10. The default for 9.10 was initially Grub1 but installs would drift over to Grub2 without users really being aware of the change. With any current Ubuntu install it is wise to install, or re-install Grub2 as shown in the link above.
If you run an older Ubuntu or had any trouble with Grub2 then Grub1 & Lilo are still available. To fix the MBR with an older [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]] to access a Grub command-line:
1.#1 Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] ]]
1.#2 Open a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal#Starting_a_Terminal | terminal ]]
1.#3 Open the GRUB Command-line utility by typing
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
sudo grub
sudo grub
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
1.#4 Tell GRUB where your Ubuntu partition is by entering
1.#4 Find where Grub is.  If this gives a few different answers then you will need to find the correct one, perhaps by trial-and-error.
<pre><nowiki>
find /boot/grub/stage1
</nowiki></pre>
1.#5 Tell GRUB which partition to tell the MBR your Grub is on by entering
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
root (hdA,B)
root (hdA,B)
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
Where 'A' is the hard-drive number, starting at 0, and 'B' is the partition number, starting at 0. For example, if Ubuntu was installed on the second partition of the first hard-drive, the command should be
The coordinates A,B are where 'A' is the hard-drive number, starting at 0, and 'B' is the partition number, starting at 0. For example, if Ubuntu was installed on the second partition of the first hard-drive, the command should be
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
root (hd0,1)
root (hd0,1)
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
1.#5 Tell GRUB which drive to put the boot sector on
1.#6 Tell GRUB which drive's MBR to fix
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
setup (hd0)
setup (hd0)
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
(replacing 0, as above, if a drive other than the first is used as the boot device)
Replace 0 only in the extremely unlikely event that your bios does not use the first hard-drive as the boot device.  Typically Ubuntu might be on any drive but the bios will almost always go to the first drive's MBR to find out where to find the boot-loader.
1.#6 Leave the GRUB Command line
1.#7 Leave the GRUB Command line
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
quit
quit
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
and reboot.
and reboot.
=== Master Boot Record backup and re-replacement  ===
Back-up the existing MBR, install Windows, replace your backup overwriting the Windows boot code:
<ol><li>Create an NTFS partition for windows (using fdisk, GPartEd or whatever tool you are familiar with)
</li><li>Backup the MBR e.g. <code><nowiki>dd if=/dev/sda of=/mbr.bin bs=446 count=1</nowiki></code>
</li><li>Install windows
</li><li>Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/[[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] | [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] ]]
</li><li>Mount your root partition in the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]
</li><li>Restore the MBR e.g. <code><nowiki>dd if=/media/sda/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1</nowiki></code>
</li><li>Restart and Ubuntu will boot
</li><li>Setup grub to boot windows</li></ol>
== Issues with Windows XP and NTFS  ==
== Issues with Windows XP and NTFS  ==
The Ubuntu installer has included support for resizing NTFS partitions since Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) was released way back in 2005. Very few problems have been reported relative to the huge number of times that the installer has been used. If you tried the above procedure and have had no luck, it might be that there is a pre-existing problem either in the file system, in the partition table or the hard disk.
The Ubuntu installer has included support for resizing NTFS partitions since Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) was released way back in 2005. Very few problems have been reported relative to the huge number of times that the installer has been used. If you tried the above procedure and have had no luck, it might be that there is a pre-existing problem either in the file system, in the partition table or the hard disk.
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<ol><li>[http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ Download] and install the Windows (.exe) file, then reboot.
<ol><li>[http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ Download] and install the Windows (.exe) file, then reboot.
</li><li>Select the UNetbootin-partedmagic entry after rebooting, and wait as PartedMagic boots up.
</li><li>Select the UNetbootin-partedmagic entry after rebooting, and wait as PartedMagic boots up.
</li><li>Start the partition manager by clicking the GParted icon on the the panel.
</li><li>Start the partition manager by clicking the [[UbuntuHelp:GParted|GParted]] icon on the the panel.
</li><li>Select your disk (probably /dev/sda) via the drop-down menu on the top-right corner of the interface.
</li><li>Select your disk (probably /dev/sda) via the drop-down menu on the top-right corner of the interface.
</li><li>Right-click the NTFS partition to be resized (probably /dev/sda1), and select the "resize" option.
</li><li>Right-click the NTFS partition to be resized (probably /dev/sda1), and select the "resize" option.
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</li><li>Upon the next Windows boot, click OK when prompted to remove UNetbootin-partedmagic to remove its boot menu entry.</li></ol>
</li><li>Upon the next Windows boot, click OK when prompted to remove UNetbootin-partedmagic to remove its boot menu entry.</li></ol>


== Also see ==
* [[UbuntuHelp:MultiOSBoot|MultiOSBoot]] - How to boot more than two operating systems from a single hard drive.
* [[UbuntuHelp:[[category:CategoryVirtualization|Virtualization]] [[category:Category]]]]
== External Links ==
== External Links ==
These are external links so that they're not 'officially' part of the "official" Ubuntu documentation; follow at your own risk.
* [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Karmic#Installing_Ubuntu Ubuntuguide -- Installing Ubuntu] -- concise and up-to-date
* [http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/ Illustrated Dual Boot Site].
* [http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/ Illustrated Dual Boot Site].
* [http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Linux Dual-Booting Ubuntu and Vista with EasyBCD]
* [http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Linux Dual-Booting Ubuntu and Vista with EasyBCD]
* [http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Ubuntu Step-By-Step Screenshot Tutorial to set-up an Ubuntu + Vista dual-boot]
* [http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Ubuntu Step-By-Step Screenshot Tutorial to set-up an Ubuntu + Vista dual-boot]
* [http://www.ehomeupgrade.com/entry/2622/how-to_dual-boot_ubuntu How-To: Dual-Boot Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper) Linux Desktop Along Side Windows XP].
* [http://www.ehomeupgrade.com/entry/2622/how-to_dual-boot_ubuntu How-To: Dual-Boot Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper) Linux Desktop Along Side Windows XP]
* [http://www.howtoforge.com/unetbootin_windows_ubuntu_fedora_p4 HowtoForge Guide: Partition Resizing using UNetbootin-PartedMagic]
* [http://www.howtoforge.com/unetbootin_windows_ubuntu_fedora_p4 HowtoForge Guide: Partition Resizing using UNetbootin-PartedMagic]
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2010年5月20日 (四) 01:01的最新版本

{{#ifexist: :WindowsDualBoot/zh | | {{#ifexist: WindowsDualBoot/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:WindowsDualBoot|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:WindowsDualBoot|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

  1. title Dual Boot Ubuntu and Windows

Introduction

This page describes how to set up your computer in order to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows.

Back Up Your Data

Although this may seem obvious, it is important to | backup your data files to an external backup medium before attempting a dual-boot install (or any other hard drive manipulation), in case your hard drive becomes corrupted during the process. External hard drives, USB flash drives, and multiple DVDs or CDs are useful as external backup media.

Have a Windows recovery CD/DVD available

Many computer manufacturers that pre-install Windows provide a Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD with the computer. However, many companies no longer ship a physical disk but instead create a hidden partition on the hard drive in which the recovery-disk information is stored. A utility is then usually provided which allows the user to burn a recovery/re-installation CD or DVD from it. If you are buying a new computer and intent on dual-booting, make sure you have (or can make) a physical Windows recovery/re-installation CD or DVD. If neither a CD/DVD nor a recovery partition/burning utility is provided by your computer manufacturer, you may need to telephone your vendor and ask for a CD or DVD (to which you are normally entitled under the Windows EULA). It is very important to have such a physical recovery/re-installation CD/DVD prior to changing your hard drive, in case your hard drive becomes corrupted in the process (and the recovery partition thereby becomes unavailable for use). Once you have created a physical backup disk from a restore-image partition on the hard-drive, the restore-image partition can either be removed or left in place. Ubuntu can be installed with it intact without problems.

Getting Recovery Media

You may need to request a physical recovery/re-installation CD or DVD directly from your computer manufacturer. Here are some resources:

Install Ubuntu after Windows

In general, a Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular and because Windows installers tend to overwrite the entire hard drive (potentially wiping out any other data stored on it). If Windows isn't already installed, install it first. If you are able to partition the drive prior to installing Windows, leave space for Ubuntu during the initial partitioning process. Then you won't have to resize your NTFS partition to make room for Ubuntu later (saving a bit of time). When a Windows installation already occupies the entire hard drive, its partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Ubuntu partition. See How to Resize Windows Partitions to learn how to do this. This can be done through Control Panel -> Administrative tools -> Computer Management -> Disk Management. You can then use the partition manager to shrink the partitions. As a side note, you can only create free space to the right of a partition. If you have resized the windows 7 /vista partitions and cannot boot up windows, you can use the instructions from Windows Vista / 7 Partitions|WindowsRecovery to fix it. Once free space has been created on the hard drive, it is easy to install Ubuntu as the second operating system (and it is done automatically) from the Ubuntu LiveCD. Allow the Ubuntu LiveCD to install to "largest available free space" (if you have left unallocated free space), or manually into a partition that you have already created for Ubuntu.

Install Ubuntu

  • Download an Ubuntu LiveCD image (.iso) from Ubuntu Downloads and burn an Ubuntu LiveCD (see BurningIsoHowto).
  • Insert the LiveCD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot your PC.
  • If the computer does not boot from the CD (eg. Windows starts again instead), check your BIOS settings and adjust them so that booting from the CD is allowed.
  • Proceed with installation until you are asked this question: "How do you want to partition the disk ?".

Resizing Partitions Using the Ubuntu Installer

Automatic partition resizing
  • Choose the First Option (It should be something like: "Resize IDE1 master, partition #1 (hda1) and use freed space").
  • Specify the size of the new partition as a percentage of your entire hard disk.
  • Click on "Forward".
  • Continue to Finishing|Ubuntu Installation
Manual partitioning
  • Choose "Manually edit partition table"
  • Listed will be your current partitions
  • Select the partition you want to resize and press Enter.
  • Select "Size:", press Enter.
  • Select Yes, press Enter.
  • Type in a new size in Gigabytes for your partition, it's recommended you free up AT LEAST 10 GB of free space for your Ubuntu install. Press Enter when happy with your changes. It may take some time to apply the changes.
  • Create a swap partition of at least your amount of RAM (if you don't know, 2000 MB is a good value).
  • Create a partition for your Ubuntu installation, at least 10 GB.
  • Select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk".

Master Boot Record and Boot Manager

GNU/GRUB2 is the boot manager installed in Ubuntu by default. If you use the Alternate CD you can choose Lilo instead. GRUB2, GRUB and Lilo are good Open Source boot managers so the main parts of the boot loaders are installed inside Ubuntu. This means Ubuntu is independent and avoids any need for writing to other operating systems. To accomplish this, the only thing in your computer outside of Ubuntu that needs to be changed is a small code in the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the first hard disk. The MBR code is changed to point to the boot loader in Ubuntu. You will be presented with a list of operating systems and you can choose one to boot. If you do nothing Ubuntu will boot after a ten second countdown. If you select Windows then GRUB or Lilo will chain-load Windows for you at the Windows boot sector, which is the first sector of the Windows partition. If you have a problem with changing the MBR code, you might prefer to just install the code for pointing to GRUB to the first sector of your Ubuntu partition instead. If you do that during the Ubuntu installation process, then Ubuntu won't boot until you configure some other boot manager to point to Ubuntu's boot sector. Windows Vista no longer utilizes boot.ini, ntdetect.com, and ntldr when booting. Instead, Vista stores all data for its new boot manager in a boot folder. Windows Vista ships with an command line utility called bcdedit.exe, which requires administrator credentials to use. You may want to read [1] about it. Using a command line utility always has its learning curve, so a more productive and better job can be done with a free utility called EasyBCD, developed and mastered in during the times of Vista Beta already. EasyBCD is user friendly and many Vista users highly recommend EasyBCD.

Installing Windows After Ubuntu

Normally when Windows is installed after Ubuntu the "Master Boot Record", MBR, will be overwritten. You can bootup off a LiveCD and repair the MBR. However, there are 2 different approaches: <<Anchor(recovering-grub)>>

Recovering GRUB after reinstalling Windows

There are also these help guides

Which should help with any install of Ubuntu now. For some simple cases the advice below might help

Ubuntu 10.04 or 9.10

Sorry, definitely use this guide

Ubuntu 9.10 & earlier

The older Grub, sometimes called Grub-legacy or perhaps Grub1 was used up until Ubuntu 9.10. The default for 9.10 was initially Grub1 but installs would drift over to Grub2 without users really being aware of the change. With any current Ubuntu install it is wise to install, or re-install Grub2 as shown in the link above. If you run an older Ubuntu or had any trouble with Grub2 then Grub1 & Lilo are still available. To fix the MBR with an older LiveCD to access a Grub command-line: 1.#1 Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]] 1.#2 Open a terminal 1.#3 Open the GRUB Command-line utility by typing

sudo grub

1.#4 Find where Grub is. If this gives a few different answers then you will need to find the correct one, perhaps by trial-and-error.

find /boot/grub/stage1

1.#5 Tell GRUB which partition to tell the MBR your Grub is on by entering

root (hdA,B)

The coordinates A,B are where 'A' is the hard-drive number, starting at 0, and 'B' is the partition number, starting at 0. For example, if Ubuntu was installed on the second partition of the first hard-drive, the command should be

root (hd0,1)

1.#6 Tell GRUB which drive's MBR to fix

setup (hd0)

Replace 0 only in the extremely unlikely event that your bios does not use the first hard-drive as the boot device. Typically Ubuntu might be on any drive but the bios will almost always go to the first drive's MBR to find out where to find the boot-loader. 1.#7 Leave the GRUB Command line

quit

and reboot.

Master Boot Record backup and re-replacement

Back-up the existing MBR, install Windows, replace your backup overwriting the Windows boot code:

  1. Create an NTFS partition for windows (using fdisk, GPartEd or whatever tool you are familiar with)
  2. Backup the MBR e.g. dd if=/dev/sda of=/mbr.bin bs=446 count=1
  3. Install windows
  4. Boot into a [[UbuntuHelp: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD | LiveCD ]]
  5. Mount your root partition in the LiveCD
  6. Restore the MBR e.g. dd if=/media/sda/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1
  7. Restart and Ubuntu will boot
  8. Setup grub to boot windows

Issues with Windows XP and NTFS

The Ubuntu installer has included support for resizing NTFS partitions since Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) was released way back in 2005. Very few problems have been reported relative to the huge number of times that the installer has been used. If you tried the above procedure and have had no luck, it might be that there is a pre-existing problem either in the file system, in the partition table or the hard disk. First you should try running CHKDSK before trying again to resize the partition, and if you are using the Alternate CD, defragging might help. It is recommended that you run CHKDSK once again after resizing your NTFS partition. Also, try the following alternative methods:

Using QtParted from the System Rescue CD

  1. Boot into Windows and backup any valuable documents/photos etc onto removable media such as CD-R/DVD-R.
  2. Run the Windows disk check tool (Error-checking) on C: a couple of times (the results can be seen in the Administrative Tools > Event Viewer > Application under a "Winlogon" entry).
  3. Run the Windows defragmentation tool on C:
  4. Download the System Rescue CD ISO image (100 MB; has several very useful software tools).
  5. Burn the ISO image to a CD.
  6. Boot from the CD and hit Enter when you see the message "Boot:".
  7. When you get a command prompt, enter:
run_qtparted
  1. Select your disk on the graphical screen (most likely /dev/hda).
  2. Select your NTFS partition to be resized (most likely /dev/hda1).
  3. Right click with the mouse and choose Resize.
  4. Set the new partition size.
  5. Commit your changes in the File -> Commit menu. If your keyboard and mouse stop responding during resizing then please just be patient.
  6. Once your changes are saved, remove the System Rescue CD and insert your Ubuntu installation CD.
  7. Reboot and install Ubuntu into the free space.

Using GParted from UNetbootin-PartedMagic

Another approach to resizing partitions, which does not require a CD, is to load PartedMagic from Windows via the UNetbootin PartedMagic Loader:

  1. Download and install the Windows (.exe) file, then reboot.
  2. Select the UNetbootin-partedmagic entry after rebooting, and wait as PartedMagic boots up.
  3. Start the partition manager by clicking the GParted icon on the the panel.
  4. Select your disk (probably /dev/sda) via the drop-down menu on the top-right corner of the interface.
  5. Right-click the NTFS partition to be resized (probably /dev/sda1), and select the "resize" option.
  6. Drag the slider to specify the new size the NTFS partition should be resized to, then press OK.
  7. Press the "Apply" button to resize the disk, then reboot once done.
  8. Upon the next Windows boot, click OK when prompted to remove UNetbootin-partedmagic to remove its boot menu entry.

Also see

  • MultiOSBoot - How to boot more than two operating systems from a single hard drive.
  • [[UbuntuHelp: ]]

External Links