特殊:Badtitle/NS100:BackupPC:修订间差异
第53行: | 第53行: | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
第一栏包含了主机名/ NetBIOS名称的客户端(例如` hostname1 ` ) ,第二栏是否客户端配置通过DHCP ,第三栏中会包含的用户可以登录到BackupPC web界面来管理备份客户端,第四栏(可选)包含更多的用户可以这样做。 | 第一栏包含了主机名/ NetBIOS名称的客户端(例如` hostname1 ` ) ,第二栏是否客户端配置通过DHCP ,第三栏中会包含的用户可以登录到BackupPC web界面来管理备份客户端,第四栏(可选)包含更多的用户可以这样做。 | ||
=== | ===浏览网络 === | ||
'''smbtree''' is a smb browser program in text mode. It is similar to the "Network Neighborhood" found on Windows computers. It prints a tree with all the known domains, the servers in those domains and the shares on the servers. | '''smbtree''' is a smb browser program in text mode. It is similar to the "Network Neighborhood" found on Windows computers. It prints a tree with all the known domains, the servers in those domains and the shares on the servers. | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> |
2009年5月5日 (二) 14:52的版本
文章出处: |
{{#if: | {{{2}}} | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupPC }} |
点击翻译: |
English {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/af | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Afrikaans| [[::BackupPC/af|Afrikaans]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ar | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|العربية| [[::BackupPC/ar|العربية]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/az | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|azərbaycanca| [[::BackupPC/az|azərbaycanca]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/bcc | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|جهلسری بلوچی| [[::BackupPC/bcc|جهلسری بلوچی]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/bg | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|български| [[::BackupPC/bg|български]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/br | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|brezhoneg| [[::BackupPC/br|brezhoneg]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ca | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|català| [[::BackupPC/ca|català]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/cs | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|čeština| [[::BackupPC/cs|čeština]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/de | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Deutsch| [[::BackupPC/de|Deutsch]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/el | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Ελληνικά| [[::BackupPC/el|Ελληνικά]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/es | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|español| [[::BackupPC/es|español]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/fa | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|فارسی| [[::BackupPC/fa|فارسی]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/fi | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|suomi| [[::BackupPC/fi|suomi]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/fr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|français| [[::BackupPC/fr|français]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/gu | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|ગુજરાતી| [[::BackupPC/gu|ગુજરાતી]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/he | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|עברית| [[::BackupPC/he|עברית]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/hu | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|magyar| [[::BackupPC/hu|magyar]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/id | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Bahasa Indonesia| [[::BackupPC/id|Bahasa Indonesia]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/it | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|italiano| [[::BackupPC/it|italiano]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ja | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|日本語| [[::BackupPC/ja|日本語]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ko | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|한국어| [[::BackupPC/ko|한국어]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ksh | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Ripoarisch| [[::BackupPC/ksh|Ripoarisch]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/mr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|मराठी| [[::BackupPC/mr|मराठी]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ms | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Bahasa Melayu| [[::BackupPC/ms|Bahasa Melayu]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/nl | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Nederlands| [[::BackupPC/nl|Nederlands]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/no | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|norsk| [[::BackupPC/no|norsk]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/oc | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|occitan| [[::BackupPC/oc|occitan]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/pl | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|polski| [[::BackupPC/pl|polski]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/pt | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|português| [[::BackupPC/pt|português]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ro | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|română| [[::BackupPC/ro|română]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/ru | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|русский| [[::BackupPC/ru|русский]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/si | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|සිංහල| [[::BackupPC/si|සිංහල]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/sq | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|shqip| [[::BackupPC/sq|shqip]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/sr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|српски / srpski| [[::BackupPC/sr|српски / srpski]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/sv | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|svenska| [[::BackupPC/sv|svenska]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/th | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|ไทย| [[::BackupPC/th|ไทย]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/tr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Türkçe| [[::BackupPC/tr|Türkçe]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/vi | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|Tiếng Việt| [[::BackupPC/vi|Tiếng Việt]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/yue | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|粵語| [[::BackupPC/yue|粵語]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/zh | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|中文| [[::BackupPC/zh|中文]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/zh-hans | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|中文(简体)| [[::BackupPC/zh-hans|中文(简体)]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | UbuntuHelp:BackupPC | {{#if: | :}}BackupPC}}/zh-hant | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|中文(繁體)| [[::BackupPC/zh-hant|中文(繁體)]]}}|}} |
{{#ifeq:UbuntuHelp:BackupPC|:BackupPC|请不要直接编辑翻译本页,本页将定期与来源同步。}} |
{{#ifexist: :BackupPC/zh | | {{#ifexist: BackupPC/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:BackupPC|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:BackupPC|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}
序言
BackupPC是一个免费的备份软件与基于Web的前端。可跨平台运行于任何Linux , Solaris操作系统或Unix服务器。没有客户端不是必然的,作为服务器本身就是一个客户端的一些协议,是处理其他服务本地的客户端的操作系统。
备份方法
从客户端备份数据的三种方法如下: SMB (服务器消息块) tar (磁带存档) rsync (文件传输程序的Unix系统)
WinXX | Linux/Unix/MacOSX | |
smb | * | |
rsync | * 1. | * |
tar | * |
- 1 rsync / cygwin软件需要安装在客户端 备份windows系统最简单的方法就是“SMB”协议。详见BackupPC手册
配置
要配置BackupPC有3个选择:
Web浏览器(最简单) 文本编辑器(超级用户) 两者结合(平衡)
注: BackupPC用户手册是最重要的“文本”的基础。
BackupPC的配置文件
BackupPC的配置文件中的` / etc / backuppc directory` 。最重要的两个文件是` / etc / backuppc / config.pl `和` / etc / backuppc /hosts` 。您现在应该打开它们并且熟悉所有的配置选项。这两个文件有大量注释和评论,所以当你看到他们你也就应该明白他们能坐什么了。例如,在` / etc / backuppc / config.pl 你可以自定义BackupPC如何以及何时备份,完全备份或者是增量备份,有多少日志文件等。
nano -w /etc/backuppc/config.pl
nano -w /etc/backuppc/hosts
安装
sudo apt-get install backuppc
添加主机
要给 BackupPC添加客户端 ,我们必须将其添加到 `/etc/backuppc/hosts`.该文件格式如下:
host dhcp user moreUsers hostname1 0 user1 anotheruser,athirduser hostname2 1 user2 stillanotheruser
第一栏包含了主机名/ NetBIOS名称的客户端(例如` hostname1 ` ) ,第二栏是否客户端配置通过DHCP ,第三栏中会包含的用户可以登录到BackupPC web界面来管理备份客户端,第四栏(可选)包含更多的用户可以这样做。
浏览网络
smbtree is a smb browser program in text mode. It is similar to the "Network Neighborhood" found on Windows computers. It prints a tree with all the known domains, the servers in those domains and the shares on the servers.
smbtree -b Password:
Don't enter a password, hit enter
WORKGROUP \\BACKUP backup server (Samba, Ubuntu) \\BACKUP\IPC$ IPC Service (backup server (Samba, Ubuntu)) \\BACKUP\print$ Printer Drivers \\AMD6000 cli_rpc_pipe_open: cli_nt_create failed on pipe \srvsvc to machine AMD6000. Error was NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
Your network will differ, BACKUP is the name of our BackupPC server, AMD6000 is the name of our Windows Vista PC we want to back up. Although `AMD6000` is configured through DHCP, dhcp should only be set to 1 if the following tests fail:
nmblookup AMD6000
If the test is successful, it should display `AMD6000` current IP address:
querying amd6000 on 192.168.0.255 192.168.0.50 amd6000<00>
Now that you know `AMD6000` current IP address, run the same test in the other direction:
nmblookup -A 192.168.0.50
If successful, the output should look like this:
Looking up status of 192.168.0.50 AMD6000 <00> - B <ACTIVE> WORKGROUP <00> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> AMD6000 <20> - B <ACTIVE> WORKGROUP <1e> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> MAC Address = 00-1A-92-B0-4C-63
Both tests were successful, so we can set `dhcp` to 0, and we put `AMD6000 0 user` into `/etc/backuppc/hosts` and comment out the `localhost` line:
nano -w /etc/backuppc/hosts
[...] AMD6000 0 user #localhost 0 backuppc
If the tests had not been successful, we would have put `AMD6000 1 user` into `/etc/backuppc/hosts` instead, and in addition to that we would have had to change the variable `$Conf{DHCPAddressRanges}` in `/etc/backuppc/config.pl`. We have added the user user to the hosts file. That's the system user whom BackupPC will send email reports regarding `AMD6000`, so we should create that user on the BackupPC server now:
useradd -m user passwd user
In addition to that we must create a password for user for the BackupPC web interface:
htpasswd /etc/backuppc/htpasswd user
(If you like you can now open a second browser and log in as `user` on `http://192.168.0.51/backuppc/`.)
Backup Linux Client (rsync)
Now we must edit /etc/backuppc/config.pl. The backup method for AMD6000 will be rsync, so we set $Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsync';. AMD6000 has just one (big) partition (/), so we set $Conf{RsyncShareName} == '/';. If you have multiple partitions to backup, you'd specify something like $Conf{RsyncShareName} == ['/', '/var', '/data', '/boot']; instead. rsync will be tunneled through SSH (port 22). SSH needs to know the hostname or IP address of the client. Unless you have a DNS server that resolves AMD6000 to its IP address, SSH will not be able to resolve the name AMD6000. Therefore we replace $host with $hostIP in $Conf{RsyncClientCmd} and $Conf{RsyncClientRestoreCmd}.
nano -w /etc/backuppc/config.pl
[...] $Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsync'; $Conf{RsyncClientPath} = '/usr/bin/rsync'; $Conf{RsyncClientCmd} = '$sshPath -q -x -l root $hostIP $rsyncPath $argList+'; $Conf{RsyncClientRestoreCmd} = '$sshPath -q -x -l root $hostIP $rsyncPath $argList+'; $Conf{RsyncShareName} = '/'; #$Conf{RsyncShareName} = ['/', '/var', '/data', '/boot']; [...]
(You might wonder now how we can specify options for multiple clients because the options for notebook will be different from those for AMD6000. It works like this: the options in /etc/backuppc/config.pl are global values that are valid for all clients unless they have their onw configuration file in /etc/backuppc, named after their hostname. So for notebook we will create /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl, and it will contain only the values that are different from the ones in /etc/backuppc/config.pl. In fact, we could have created /etc/backuppc/falko-desktop.pl for falko-desktop instead of modifying /etc/backuppc/config.pl.)
Enable settings
Next restart BackupPC:
/etc/init.d/backuppc restart
Backup Windows Client (smb)
To make backups of Windows systems using smb, we must share the folder that we want to back up. In this case I want to backup the whole C: drive, so I right-click on it in the Windows Explorer and go to Sharing. As share name I specify C. Next, on server1.example.com, I add a line for notebook to /etc/backuppc/hosts (I do this as root). In this case I use user again as the user. If you use a different username than before, make sure you create it on the system and for the BackupPC web interface, as shown in chapter 5.
vi /etc/backuppc/hosts
[...] AMD6000 0 user notebook 0 user #localhost 0 backuppc
Then create the file /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl and add all options that are different from the ones in /etc/backuppc/config.pl. In this case we add $Conf{XferMethod} == 'smb';. Our share name is C, so we put $Conf{SmbShareName} == 'C'; into it as well as the username and password for the Windows share:
nano -w /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl
$Conf{SmbShareName} = 'C'; $Conf{SmbShareUserName} = 'username'; $Conf{SmbSharePasswd} = 'password'; $Conf{XferMethod} = 'smb';
Enable Settings
Then restart BackupPC:
/etc/init.d/backuppc restart
Then reload the BackupPC web interface again. You should now find notebook in the list of clients: You can start the first backup of notebook manually or wait until BackupPC starts it:
Backup Linux Clients (tar)
BackupPC is a great backup program for an Ubuntu server. However, backing up Ubuntu client machines doesn’t work “out of the box” due to Ubuntu’s lack of a root account. The following describes how to make BackupPC work with Ubuntu's sudo implementation. By adding sudo to the TAR commands in /etc/backuppc/config.pl and adding backuppc to the sudoers list, you’re able to perform both backups and restores directly from the web-based interface.
Modify /etc/backuppc/config.pl
- Run “sudo gedit /etc/backuppc/config.pl”
- Add sudo to the TAR
Client
andClientRestore
commands - Change
$Conf{TarClientCmd}
and$Conf{TarClientRestoreCmd}
to read
$Conf{TarClientCmd} = ‘sudo $tarPath -c -v -f - -C $shareName’ . ‘ –totals’;
$Conf{TarClientRestoreCmd} = ‘sudo $tarPath -x -p –numeric-owner –same-owner’ . ‘ -v -f - -C $shareName’;
- Also remove plus (+) from $incrDate in
$Conf{TarIncrArgs}
so it won't be double escaped (need to escape only once when running sudo):
$Conf{TarIncrArgs} = '--newer=$incrDate $fileList+';
- Change
$Conf{BackupFilesExclude}
(these seem to all be temp files that you don’t really need to backup) to read
$Conf{BackupFilesExclude} = [’/proc’, ‘/dev’, ‘/tmp’, ‘/mnt’, ‘/media’, ‘/sys’, ‘/lost+found’, ‘/usr/src’, ‘/var/lib’, ‘/var/tmp’, ‘/var/cache’, ‘/var/spool’, ‘/var/run’, ‘/var/lock’, ‘/var/games’, ‘/home/*/.Trash’, ‘/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/Cache’, ‘/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/Cache.Trash’];
Add backuppc to the sudoers list
- Run “sudo visudo”
- At the bottom of the file add
# Allow backuppc to run tar without a password backuppc ALL=NOPASSWD: /bin/tar
- If you are unfamiliar with vi editor: Scroll to the end of last line of the file, press a to start adding text, write magic lines mentioned above, hit esc, type ":w"+enter to save file, ":q" to quit (":q!" to quit without saving changes).
alternatives
For other ways of backing up some or all of your system, see BackupYourSystem .
References
- http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_backuppc
- BackupPC: http://backuppc.sourceforge.net
- BackupPC Documentation: http://backuppc.sourceforge.net/faq/BackupPC.html
Authors
- falko