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| {{Copyedit translation}}
| | #REDIRECT[[Quick HOWTO : Ap04 : syslog Configuration and Cisco Devices/zh]] |
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| {{From|http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ap04_:_syslog_Configuration_and_Cisco_Devices}}
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| {{Translator|lipeng}}
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| {{Languages|Quick_HOWTO_:_Ap04_:_syslog_Configuration_and_Cisco_Devices}}
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| == 简介 ==
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| 系统日志命令syslog使用设备local0~7从远程服务器和网络设施接收日志记录信息。路由器、交换机、防火墙和负载平衡设备每个都使用不同的设备来记录日志，它们每个都有自己的日志文件，这样可以便于排除故障。下面的例子将会教您怎样为每种设备设置不同的日志记录文件。
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| 如果您有一个大的数据中心，可能您会按上述建议停止将所有记录写入/var/log/messages。在下面的所有网络设备配置文件例子中，我们会登录到上一章节已设置好的远程linux登录服务器192.168.1.100。
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| == Cisco 路由器 ==
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| 默认设置下，思科路由器使用默认设备local7将日志信息发送到它们的日志服务器。在此例子中不要设置此默认设备，记得设置路由器，使日志内容包含时间戳和loopback接口的源IP地址
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| service timestamps log datetime localtime
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| no logging console
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| no logging monitor
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| logging 192.168.1.100
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| ==运行CATOS的Catalyst CAT系列交换机==
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| 默认设置下，思科交换机也会通过设备local7将日志信息发送给它们的日志服务器。请不要改变该设置，这样路由器和交换机都会将日志写入同一文件
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| set logging server enable
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| set logging server 192.168.1.100
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| set logging level all 5
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| set logging server severity 6
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| ==Cisco本地导向器 ==
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| 本地导向器利用syslog输出命令来设置它们的日志记录设备和严重度。设置值应按格式FF.SS（设施.严重度），使用表IV-1中的数字定义：
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| ===Table IV-1 本地导向器的日志记录设备和严重度的数字定义===
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| <div align=center>
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| <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
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| style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
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| <tr style='page-break-inside:avoid'>
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| <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;background:green;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>Facility</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>FF Value</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal><b> </b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
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| background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>Severity</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>SS Value</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local 0</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>16</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>System unusable</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>0</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>1</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>17</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Immediate action required</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>1</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>2</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>18</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Critical condition</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>2</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>3</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>19</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Error conditions</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>3</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>4</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>20</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Warning conditions</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>4</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>5</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>21</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Normal but significant conditions</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>5</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>6</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>22</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Informational messages</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>6</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>7</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>23</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal>Debugging messages</p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>7</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| </div>
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| 这个例子使用设备local4和表IV-1中的日志调试信息。
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| syslog output 20.7
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| no syslog console
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| syslog host 192.168.1.100
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| | |
| ==Cisco PIX 防火墙 ==
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| PIX防火墙使用表IV.2的数字定义来决定它们的日志记录设备。
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| ===Table IV-2 PIX防火墙的日志记录设备和严重度的数字定义===
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| | |
| <div align=center>
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| | |
| <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
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| style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
| |
| <tr style='page-break-inside:avoid'>
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| <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>Facility</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| | |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>Logging Facility</span></b></p>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
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| style='color:white'>Command Value</span></b></p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| | |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local 0</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>16</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| | |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>1</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>17</p>
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| </td>
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| </tr>
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| <tr>
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| | |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
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| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>2</b></p>
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| </td>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
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| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
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| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>18</p>
| |
| </td>
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| </tr>
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| | |
| <tr>
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| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>3</b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>19</p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| | |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>4</b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>20</p>
| |
| | |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>5</b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>21</p>
| |
| | |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>6</b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>22</p>
| |
| | |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>7</b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
| |
| border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>23</p>
| |
| | |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| </table>
| |
| | |
| </div>
| |
| | |
| 此配置案例中，假设日志服务器连接到“inside”保护接口。它将日志信息发送到local3,严重度为5（通知），这个严重度由logging trap命令设置
| |
|
| |
| logging on
| |
| logging standby
| |
| logging timestamp
| |
| logging trap notifications
| |
| logging facility 19
| |
| logging host inside 192.168.1.100
| |
| | |
| ==Cisco CSS11000 (Arrowpoints)负载均衡器==
| |
| | |
| 配置思科CSS11000系列负载均衡器的方法更直接。
| |
| 您只需要用logging host命令指定一数字来代表日志设备，然后用logging subsystem命令来设置严重度。此例子中CSS11000的日志设备为local6,严重度为6（信息）
| |
| logging host 192.168.1.100 facility 6
| |
| set logging subsystem all info-6
| |
| logging commands enable
| |
| | |
| ==思科syslog.conf文件示例 ==
| |
| | |
| #
| |
| # All LOCAL3 messages (debug and above) go to the firewall file ciscofw
| |
| #
| |
| local3.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscofw
| |
|
| |
| #
| |
| # All LOCAL4 messages (debug and above) go to the Local Director file ciscold
| |
| #
| |
| local4.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscold
| |
|
| |
| #
| |
| # All LOCAL6 messages (debug and above) go to the CSS file ciscocss
| |
| #
| |
| local6.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscocss
| |
|
| |
| #
| |
| # All LOCAL7 messages (debug and above) go to the ciscoacl
| |
| # This includes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
| |
| #
| |
| local7.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscoacl
| |
|
| |
| #
| |
| # LOCAL7 messages (notice and above) go to the ciscoinfo
| |
| # This excludes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
| |
| #
| |
| local7.notice /var/log/cisco/ciscoinfo
| |
