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| （未显示另一用户的1个中间版本） |
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| | | #REDIRECT[[UbuntuHelp:CorporateUbuntu/zh]] |
| == 架设企业级 Ubuntu 系统 ==
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| 原文出处：
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| | |
| 原文作者：
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| | |
| 授权许可：
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| * [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ 创作共用协议Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0]
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| * [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU自由文档许可证]
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| | |
| 翻译人员：
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| | |
| 校正人员：
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| | |
| 贡献人员：
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| | |
| 适用版本：
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| 文章状态：[[等待翻译]]
| |
| ----
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| | |
| | |
| | |
| '''''A suggested guide to setting up Ubuntu for use in a corporate environment'''''
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| | |
| '''''这份推荐指南介绍如何建立一个适合企业环境的Ubuntu系统'''''
| |
| | |
| === 前言－Foreword ===
| |
| Ubuntu has the potential to be a forerunner in the business Linux desktop market and potentially, the general desktop market ([http://reviews.zdnet.co.uk/software/os/0,39024180,39237495,00.htm ZDNet UK - Desktop Linux for small business]). Combining Ubuntu with a low-cost thin-client architecture such as SunRay (see UbuntuOnSunRay) could be the answer to numerous biased lower TCO reports being advertised by Microsoft.
| |
| | |
| Ubuntu具备成为商用Linux桌面市场，甚至通用桌面市场领跑者的潜质。（[http://reviews.zdnet.co.uk/software/os/0,39024180,39237495,00.htm ZDNet UK - Desktop Linux for small business]）Ubuntu平台与低成本的瘦客户端构架（如SunRay，见UbuntuOnSunRay）的结合，可以很好地回应微软目前所鼓吹的数量众多、带有偏见的关于“较低的整体拥有成本（TCO）”的报告。
| |
| | |
| The basis of this document will cover migration from a Sun Solaris 8 CDE user environment to Ubuntu and a number of best practices for a multi-user environment. Although there will be some SUN environment specific sections, the aim of the document is to provide and facilitate collaboration on a generic guide for setting up Ubuntu in the corporate environment.
| |
| | |
| 本文主要介绍如何从Sun Solaris 8 CDE用户环境转移到Ubuntu，以及多用户环境下的一些最佳实践策略。尽管本文中的某些章节仅适用于SUN，但本文的目的在于帮助企业用户更方便地构建起基于Ubuntu的应用体系。
| |
| | |
| This guide is based on a clean install of Ubuntu Breezy Badger (5.10).
| |
| | |
| 本文中的各项操作是在一个全新安装的Ubuntu Breezy Badger(5.10)系统上进行的。
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| | |
| === 简介－Introduction ===
| |
| The setup of the CorporateUbuntu environment is broken up into the following:
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| | |
| 本文将分以下几个部分来阐述如何为企业建立基于Ubuntu的应用体系：
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| | |
| * 身份认证－Authentication
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| * 目录服务－Home Directories
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| * 网络共享－Remote Mounts
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| * 打印服务－Printing
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| * 语言环境－Locale
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| * 加强键盘功能－Keyboard
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| * 用户登录－User Login Script
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| * 提高gnome安全性－Locking Down GNOME
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| * 电子邮件服务－Email
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| * 文档处理套件－Word Processing Suite
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| * 终端服务－Terminals
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| * 多媒体应用－Multimedia
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| * Gnome菜单－GNOME Menu
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| * 时间/日期服务－Time/Date
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| * 远程桌面－Remote Desktop
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| The overall aim of the CorporateUbuntu guide is to provide a feature-rich, locked-down and consistent user environment. Considerations have been made and addressed in the areas of migrating from and integrating into existing operating and network environments.
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| | |
| 本文所提的基于Ubuntu的企业应用体系将是一个功能强大，安全系数高且极具稳定性的用户环境，同时它充份考虑了如何从现有的操作环境及网络环境平滑过渡到新的应用体系。
| |
| | |
| === 身份认证－Authentication ===
| |
| Prior to the migration to Ubuntu, NIS was used for authentication. Authentication was migrated over to an LDAP-based system using a Sun Java Enterprise System Directory Server.
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| | |
| 在迁移到Ubuntu应用之前，NIS（网络信息中心）担任身份认证的职责。而在新的应用体系中，身份认证将迁移到基于Sun Java企业目录服务器的LDAP-based系统上（LADP：Lightweight Directory Access Protocol轻量级目录存取协议）
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| | |
| * instructions for authenticating off a Sun Java Enterprise System Directory Server are contained in the [[SunLDAPClientAuthentication]] page
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| * instructions for authenticating off an OpenLDAP server are contained in the [[LDAPClientAuthentication]] page
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| * instructions for authenticating off Active Directory are contained in the ActiveDirectoryHowto page
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| * 关于SUN JAVA企业级目录服务器的身份认证介绍请参阅[[SunLDAPClientAuthentication]]
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| * 关于OpenLDAP服务器的介绍请参阅[[LDAPClientAuthentication]]
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| * 关于Active目录服务的介绍请参阅ActiveDirectoryHowto
| |
| === 目录服务－Home Directories ===
| |
| The users home directories reside on a Solaris server and are shared out via NFS. The home directories, are therefore, automounted upon logging into the Ubuntu machine.
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| | |
| 用户通过NFS来连接Solaris服务器上的目录务服，当Ubuntu客户机连接该服务器时，对应的目录将会被自动加载。
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| | |
| * instructions for automounting home directories are contained in the [[NFSClientHowTo]] page
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| * 关于目录自动加载的介绍请参阅[[NFSClientHowTo]]
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| === 远程共享－Remote Mounts ===
| |
| Similar to the home directories, the Solaris server contains multiple shares available over NFS.
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| | |
| 与目录服务相似，远程共享也是能过NFS来进行连接的。
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| | |
| * instructions for statically mounting shares at boot are contained in the [[NFSClientHowTo]] page
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| * 关于静态连接共享请参阅[[NFSClientHowTo]]
| |
| === 打印服务－Printing ===
| |
| The Ubuntu printing setup has disabled the use of CUPS for administration of printers due to security reasons. A current oversight made by the developers involved in the Ubuntu printing interface is the lack of the ability to name/rename printers. The printers are named after the printer model name and it is not scalable in a large environment where several printers of the same model may exist.
| |
| | |
| A workaround is to rename the entry made in /etc/cups/printers.conf and create a symbolic link to the printer model PPD file in the /etc/cups/ppd directory. Below is a script that can be installed into /usr/bin and run immediately after setting up a printer:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/bin/changeprintername
| |
| #!/bin/bash
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| #
| |
| ############################################
| |
| #
| |
| # changeprintername - changes the name of a
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| # printer that was
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| # created using Ubuntu
| |
| # Printing GUI
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| #
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| # Usage: changeprintername old_name new_name
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| #
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| # Written: Naaman Campbell
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| # 22 November 2005
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| #
| |
| ############################################
| |
| CUPS_DIR=/etc/cups
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| CONF=$CUPS_DIR/printers.conf
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| PPD_DIR=$CUPS_DIR/ppd
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| # Usage Check
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| if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
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| echo "Usage: $0 old_name new_name"
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| exit
| |
| fi
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| ##################################
| |
| # DISPLAY CONFIG AND PROMPT USER #
| |
| ##################################
| |
| # find line number of first instance of old printer name
| |
| LINE=`grep -m 1 -n $1 $CONF | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'`
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| # obtain a magic number for 'tail'
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| LINECOUNT=`cat $CONF | wc -l`
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| TAILNUM=`expr $LINECOUNT - $LINE`
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| # find number of lines between start and end of
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| # config section for printer
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| PATTERN="</Printer>"
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| NUMOFLINES=`tail -$TAILNUM $CONF | grep -m 1 -n $PATTERN | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'`
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| ENDLINE=`expr $LINE + $NUMOFLINES`
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| # display current config to user
| |
| echo
| |
| echo "Confirm changing the current printer $1 to $2"
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| echo "with the following configuration.."
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| echo
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| sed -n ''$LINE','$ENDLINE' p' $CONF
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| echo
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| echo "Proceed with printer name change? (y or n)"
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| read answer
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| case $answer in
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| y) echo "Changing $1 to $2"
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| ;;
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| n) echo "Exiting.."
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| exit
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| ;;
| |
| *) echo "Invalid selection, now exiting.."
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| exit
| |
| ;;
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| esac
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| ###################
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| # PERFORM CHANGES #
| |
| ###################
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| # create symlink
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| echo
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| echo "Creating symlink.."
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| ln -s $PPD_DIR/$1.ppd $PPD_DIR/$2.ppd
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| # update config file
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| echo "Updating configuration file.."
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| sed -i -e ''$LINE','$LINE' s/'$1'/'$2'/' $CONF
| |
| # restart cups
| |
| echo "Restarting CUPS.."
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| /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
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| echo "Script completed operations.."
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod u+x /usr/bin/changeprintername
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| The changeprintername script is also available as an attachment - attachment:changeprintername
| |
| | |
| After a new printer is added to the system, the script can be run as follows:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo changeprintername old_name new_name
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| ==== alternative method ====
| |
| It is possible to subvert the measures setup by the Ubuntu printing team to enable access into the Cups administration webpages. By adding the cupsys user into the shadow group, the cupsys user is able to edit the necessary printing system files. Change the shadow group line in /etc/group to include the cupsys user:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/group
| |
| shadow:x:42:cupsys
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| === Locale ===
| |
| During initial testing, it appeared that the locale was not being set correctly after logging into GNOME. The locale issue appears to be a user-specific problem from when users used to log on to a Java Desktop System (JDS) - Solaris 10 machine. Ubuntu provides adequate language configuration during the installation process. If additional languagues need to be added or the default GNOME language needs to be changed, use the Language Selector program:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| === Keyboard ===
| |
| Part of configuring Ubuntu for corporate use is locking down the desktop. Limiting the number of keyboard shortcuts, and limiting configuration of shortcuts, is part of restricting access to sections of GNOME.
| |
| | |
| Adapted from the UbuntuOnSunRay wiki, listed below are a set of suggested shortcuts to be made available to users:
| |
| | |
| * Launch help browser - Help*
| |
| * Lock screen - "Moon"*
| |
| * Home folder - Open*
| |
| * Search - Find*
| |
| * Take a screenshot - Print
| |
| * Take a screenshot of a window - <Alt>Print
| |
| * Close window - <Alt>F4
| |
| * Move between windows with popup - <Alt>Tab
| |
| * Switch to workspace on the left - <Control><Alt>Left
| |
| * Switch to workspace on the right - <Control><Alt>Right
| |
| (* denotes Sun Keyboard specific keys - could be mapped to other keys on other keyboards)
| |
| | |
| To forcibly set the shortcuts, the use of the gconftool-2 command needs to be used. Follow the procedures listed on the UbuntuOnSunRay wiki - [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuOnSunRay#head-2e702178e1ed7893504b43a908075e510af3cf37 Keyboard Shortcuts] - as a guide on how to lockdown keyboard shortcuts.
| |
| | |
| === User Login Script ===
| |
| In some sections below, a need arises for a login script to ensure uniform configuration of user profiles logging into the customised system. The steps below outline how to setup a wrapper script for /usr/bin/gnome-session, which is executed on login, and a complete example gnome-session-wrapper script is attached - attachment:gnome-session-wrapper :
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp gnome-session-wrapper /usr/bin/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo rm /etc/alternatives/x-session-manager
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper /etc/alternatives/x-session-manager
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| The wrapper script may contain unwanted components, such as the Mozilla -> Evolution migration section, which should be removed from the script if it is not needed.
| |
| | |
| === Locking Down GNOME ===
| |
| It appears that the GNOME team has withdrawn the setup of the lockdown configuration that was present in GNOME 2.6. The lockdown setup was also undesirable as it did not allow users to drag and drop shortcuts from the GNOME menu onto the desktop or menu bar.
| |
| | |
| The current concerns of the lockdown procedures are ensuring a consistent look-and-feel across all desktops and setting minor options for users. The look-and-feel is controlled by the three areas: theme, background and screensaver.
| |
| | |
| ==== look-and-feel ====
| |
| Theme and background are controlled by the gconf database and can be enforced system-wide. The Clearlooks theme was selected to replace the somewhat initially unfavourable brown Human theme. Clearlooks coupled with a background consisting of a 150x150 company logo on a dark-to-light grey vertical gradient, makes for a clean looking desktop. Prior to performing the gconftool-2 commands below, ensure all users are logged out of GNOME (perform commands from text console or a remotely logged-in session):
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/color_shading_type "vertical-gradient"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/background/draw_background true
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename "/usr/share/backgrounds/company_logo.png"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type int --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_opacity 100
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_options "centered"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/primary_color "#3E3A36"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/secondary_color "#DFDFDF"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_theme "Clearlooks"
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| ==== screensaver ====
| |
| Screensaver configuration is separate to the gconf system and is configured system-wide via /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver. Although a system-wide file exists, users are still able to change the settings by setting up a .xscreensaver file within their home directories. A suggested method of locking down the screensavers is to "mv" the screensaver files from /usr/lib/xscreensaver to another directory and to create a symbolic link to /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver named .xscreensaver under the user's home directory upon logging in to GNOME.
| |
| | |
| The means for creating the .xscreensaver for the user can be performed inside the gnome-session-wrapper script:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # XSCREENSAVER
| |
| # - ensure users cannot alter
| |
| # xscreensaver settings
| |
| #########################################
| |
| GLOBALXSS=/etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver
| |
| USERXSS=~/.xscreensaver
| |
| # check if file exists
| |
| if [ -e $USERXSS ]; then
| |
| # check if file is a symlink
| |
| if [ -h $USERXSS ]; then
| |
| CONF=`ls -l $USERXSS | sed -e "s/.*\.xscreensaver -> //g"`
| |
| # check if symlink points to correct location
| |
| if [ $GLOBALXSS != $CONF ]; then
| |
| rm $USERXSS
| |
| fi
| |
| else
| |
| # file is not a symlink
| |
| rm $USERXSS
| |
| fi
| |
| fi
| |
| # check if symlink exists
| |
| if [ ! -h $USERXSS ]; then
| |
| ln -s $GLOBALXSS $USERXSS
| |
| fi
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # END XSCREENSAVER
| |
| #########################################
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| In a thin-client environment, it is recommended that a blank screensaver is used due to the amount of load needed to serve the video. The following /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver-gl contains configuration suitable for a thin-client environment - attachment:XScreenSaver-gl .
| |
| | |
| Suggested xscreensaver settings in a "fat-client" environment include:
| |
| | |
| * Only One Screen Saver
| |
| * Blank after 10 minutes
| |
| * Lock screen upon blanking
| |
| * The GLText (clock) screensaver - with all effects turned off
| |
| ** Company Name
| |
| *** Monday
| |
| 28 Nov 2005 11:39:07 AM
| |
| A sample /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver containing the above suggested settings is attached - attachment:XScreenSaver .
| |
| | |
| ==== default settings ====
| |
| The minor settings that can form part of locking down the environment include changing the default archive extension to .zip and the configuration of sound settings within GNOME to turn on sound and turn off sound events. Once again, prior to performing these gconftool-2 commands, ensure all users are logged out of GNOME:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /apps/file-roller/dialogs/batch-add/default_extension ".zip"
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/sound/event_sounds false
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/sound/enable_esd true
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| === Email ===
| |
| The current email client used on the Solaris desktops is Mozilla Mail 1.4. Email is currently using POP to transfer emails and will continue to use POP from within Evolution. POP-to-IMAP changeover will occur at a later date.
| |
| | |
| When users log in to GNOME, an addition to the gnome-session-wrapper script can check if the user has an existing evolution profile and migrate the user's Mozilla mail into Evolution. The additional section of gnome-session-wrapper performs the following:
| |
| | |
| * creates and initialises a minimal evolution profile
| |
| * moves the email into the correct sections of the new profile
| |
| * prepares the moved files for first usage
| |
| ~-Note: this method can result in a very long delay when the user first logs in if the user has a large email directory -~
| |
| | |
| The script requires installing and configuring ssmtp & mailx to email the system administrator errors that may arise in the migration process.
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install ssmtp
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
| |
| mailhub=mail.company.com.au
| |
| hostname=naaman.company.com.au
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install mailx
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # EVOLUTION
| |
| # - migrate users from mozilla mail to
| |
| # evolution
| |
| #########################################
| |
| ERRORMSG=~/moztoevoerr.`date +%F`
| |
| | |
| ERRORSUBJECT="Non-standard Mozilla profile"
| |
| EVODIR=~/.evolution/mail/local
| |
| SKIPEVO=0
| |
| # evolution mail directory exists
| |
| if [ -d $EVODIR ]; then
| |
| # further processing is not necessary
| |
| SKIPEVO=1
| |
| fi
| |
| function emailerrors {
| |
| # error message file contains data
| |
| if [ -s $ERRORMSG ]; then
| |
| mailx -s "$ERRORSUBJECT" $ERRORRECIPIENT < $ERRORMSG
| |
| rm $ERRORMSG
| |
| SKIPEVO=1
| |
| fi
| |
| }
| |
| # check if more than one profile exists
| |
| PROFILE_COUNT=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f5 -d "/" | uniq | wc -l`
| |
| if [ $PROFILE_COUNT -gt 1 ]; then
| |
| echo "$USER has too many profiles - manual migration needed" >> $ERRORMSG
| |
| emailerrors
| |
| fi
| |
| # obtain mozilla directory path
| |
| PROFILEDIR=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f5 -d "/" | uniq`
| |
| SLTDIR=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f6 -d "/" | uniq`
| |
| # check for email directory
| |
| EMAILDIR=~/.mozilla/$PROFILEDIR/$SLTDIR/Mail
| |
| if [ ! -d $EMAILDIR ]; then
| |
| # no email directory, so skipping
| |
| SKIPEVO=1
| |
| fi
| |
| if [ $SKIPEVO -eq 0 ]; then
| |
| # initialise evolution profile settings
| |
| ACCNAME="$USERNAME on mail"
| |
| DOMAIN=company.com.au
| |
| EMAIL="$USERNAME@$DOMAIN"
| |
| MAILSERVER=mail.$DOMAIN
| |
| OUTGOINGMAIL=mailout.$DOMAIN
| |
| PREFS=~/.mozilla/$PROFILEDIR/$SLTDIR/prefs.js
| |
| # obtain Mozilla prefs ID number
| |
| MOZID=`grep -e "identity\.id.*\.useremail\"\,\ \"$USERNAME\@$DOMAIN\"" $PREFS | sed -e 's/.*\.\(id.\)\..*/\1/g'`
| |
| # obtain user Full Name
| |
| NAME=`grep -e "identity\.$MOZID\.fullName" $PREFS | sed -e 's/.*fullName\"\,\ \"\(.*\)\".*/\1/g'`
| |
| if [ -z $NAME ]; then
| |
| # fullName field is empty
| |
| # obtain from GECOS field in passwd database
| |
| NAME=`getent passwd | grep $USERNAME | cut -d: -f5`
| |
| fi
| |
| # create evolution profile
| |
| mkdir -p $EVODIR
| |
| # copy emails - maintaining folder structure
| |
| cp -pr $EMAILDIR/$MAILSERVER/* $EVODIR/.
| |
| # remove unnecessary files
| |
| find $EVODIR -name "*.msf" -exec rm {} \;
| |
| find $EVODIR -name "*.dat" -exec rm {} \;
| |
| find $EVODIR -name "*.html" -exec rm {} \;
| |
| # generate random numbers for evolution profile
| |
| UIDPT1=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(..........\).*/\1/g'`
| |
| UIDPT2=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(.....\).*/\1/g'`
| |
| PROFILEUID=$UIDPT1.$UIDPT2.1
| |
| ABOOKUIDPT1=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(..........\).*/\1/g'`
| |
| ABOOKUIDPT2=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(.....\).*/\1/g'`
| |
| ABOOKUID=$ABOOKUIDPT1.$ABOOKUIDPT2
| |
| # clear previous configuration
| |
| gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/evolution
| |
| # setup mail account
| |
| gconftool-2 --type list --set /apps/evolution/mail/accounts --list-type string "[<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\
| |
| <account name=\"$ACCNAME\" uid=\"$PROFILEUID@$HOSTNAME\" enabled=\"true\"><identity><name>$NAME</name><addr-spec>$EMAIL</addr-spec><signature uid=\"\"/></identity><source save-passwd=\"true\" keep-on-server=\"false\" auto-check=\"true\" auto-check-timeout=\"5\"><url>pop://$USERNAME@$MAILSERVER/;use_ssl=never</url></source><transport save-passwd=\"false\"><url>smtp://$USERNAME@$OUTGOINGMAIL/;use_ssl=never</url></transport><drafts-folder>mbox:$HOME/.evolution/mail/local#Drafts</drafts-folder><sent-folder>mbox:$HOME/.evolution/mail/local#Sent</sent-folder><auto-cc always=\"false\"><recipients></recipients></auto-cc><auto-bcc always=\"false\"><recipients></recipients></auto-bcc><receipt-policy policy=\"never\"/><pgp encrypt-to-self=\"false\" always-trust=\"false\" always-sign=\"false\" no-imip-sign=\"false\"/><smime sign-default=\"false\" encrypt-default=\"false\" encrypt-to-self=\"false\"/></account>]"
| |
| gconftool-2 --set /apps/evolution/mail/default_account --type string "$PROFILEUID@$HOSTNAME"
| |
| # setup address books
| |
| gconftool-2 --type list --set /apps/evolution/addressbook/sources --list-type
| |
| string "[<?xml version="1.0"?>\
| |
| <group uid=\"$ABOOKUID.0@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"On This Computer\" base_uri=\"file://$HOME/.evolution/addressbook/local\" readonly=\"no\"><source uid=\"$ABOOKUID.1@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"Personal\" relative_uri=\"system\"><properties><property name=\"completion\" value=\"true\"/></properties></source></group>\
| |
| ,<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\
| |
| <group uid=\"$ABOOKUID.2@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"On LDAP Servers\" base_uri=\"ldap://\" readonly=\"no\"><source uid=\"$ABOOKUID.3@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"Company Name Address Book\" relative_uri=\"dir.$DOMAIN:389/o=People??one\"><properties><property name=\"timeout\" value=\"3\"/><property name=\"limit\" value=\"100\"/><property name=\"completion\" value=\"true\"/></properties></source></group>]"
| |
| gconftool-2 --set /apps/evolution/addressbook/display/primary_addressbook --type string "$ABOOKUID.1"
| |
| # end evolution if statement
| |
| fi
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # END EVOLUTION
| |
| #########################################
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| At present, address books cannot be migrated on the command line and are going to be done manually. A solution does exist as documented here - [http://unit.villanova.edu/pc/address_book.html Web-based mab2ldif conversion tool]. The authors have been contacted to obtain the source.
| |
| | |
| === Word Processing Suite ===
| |
| The OpenOffice2 suite of applications offers vast improvements over the currently used StarOffice7. OpenOffice2 provides a method for using the GTK file chooser dialogs and, although it does not have the language support of StarOffice7, methods are available for setting up language tools to suit different regions.
| |
| | |
| The following instructions are useful in environments that don't require the EN-US locale.
| |
| | |
| Obtain the dictionary, hyphenation dictionary and the thesaurus for the desired language from the [http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/download_dictionary.html OpenOffice Writing Aids] site. Save the files into a new folder named langtools, extract the archives and move the files into the /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo directory:
| |
| | |
| * Instructions below are for Australian English
| |
| ** British English is the closest English offering a hyphenation dictionary
| |
| ** Only an American English thesaurus is available
| |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ mkdir langtools
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ cd langtools
| |
| # save files into directory prior to continuing
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ unzip *.zip
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ sudo mv en_AU.aff en_AU.dic hyph_en_GB.dic th_en_US_v2.dat th_en_US_v2.idx /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ cd ..
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| To complete the configuration, the following was appended to the end of the Dictionary list file:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/dictionary.lst
| |
| DICT en AU en_AU
| |
| HYPH en AU hyph_en_GB
| |
| HYPH en GB hyph_en_GB
| |
| THES en AU th_en_US_v2
| |
| THES en GB th_en_US_v2
| |
| THES en US th_en_US_v2
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| To set the correct locale & dictionaries along with changing to use the GTK file chooser dialogs, user configuration needs to be changed. A suggested way of setting up user configuration for OpenOffice2 is to store base configuration files in a common location and copy the files into the user directory upon login.
| |
| | |
| The attached files: attachment:Common.xcu , attachment:Linguistic.xcu and attachment:Setup.xcu are to be saved to the common location and the following amendment to the /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper script needs to be made:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/company/ooo2/Office
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv Common.xcu Linguistic.xcu /usr/share/company/ooo2/Office/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv Setup.xcu /usr/share/company/ooo2/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # OPENOFFICE
| |
| # - setup users openoffice.org2
| |
| # environment
| |
| #########################################
| |
| OOODIR=$HOME/.openoffice.org2/user/registry/data/org/openoffice
| |
| CONFDIR=/usr/share/company/ooo2
| |
| # openoffice.org2 directory does not exist
| |
| if [ ! -d $OOODIR ]; then
| |
| mkdir -p $OOODIR
| |
| cp -r $CONFDIR/* $OOODIR/.
| |
| fi
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # END OPENOFFICE
| |
| #########################################
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| === Terminals ===
| |
| A requirement of the migration was to provide access to multiple terminal-based systems via gnome-terminal. A scalable method of managing different terminals for different systems was to create the gnome-terminal profiles globally (within gconf) and provide launchers in a custom Applications menu to allow users to drag-and-drop desired launchers to their desktops/panels.
| |
| | |
| The gnome-terminal profiles were built by changing the settings using Edit -> Profiles. Settings changed included colours and the disabling of the F1 key to allow F1 to be used within certain applications. Once the settings has been configured for the current user, the configuration was exported to XML then applied globally using gconftool-2. Ensure all users are logged out prior to performing the following:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ gconftool-2 --dump /apps/gnome-terminal > /tmp/terminal.xml
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults --load /tmp/terminal.xml
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| Creating a new menu globally in Gnome 2.12 involves a number of steps. The first part is creating the Directory entry in /usr/share/desktop-directories:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/share/desktop-directories/CompanyName.directory
| |
| [Desktop Entry]
| |
| Name=Company Name
| |
| Comment=Company Name applications
| |
| Icon=company-name
| |
| Type=Directory
| |
| Encoding=UTF-8
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| To display .desktop entries in the Applications menu, it must belong to a legitimate [[category:Category]] relating to the Directory entry. An entry needs to made into /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu to assign a category to the CompanyName directory entry:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu
| |
| <!-- CompanyName -->
| |
| <Menu>
| |
| <Name>CompanyName</Name>
| |
| <Directory>CompanyName.directory</Directory>
| |
| <Include>
| |
| <And>
| |
| <[[category:Category>CompanyName</Category>]]
| |
| </And>
| |
| </Include>
| |
| </Menu> <!-- End CompanyName -->
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| Prior to populating the menu with items, a copy of the company logo was altered and placed into the right location as an icon for the new menu. The logo was set onto a transparent background, resized to 32x32 pixels and saved as a PNG using the GIMP. The icon was then copied to /usr/share/pixmaps:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp company-logo.png /usr/share/pixmaps/.
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| The final step involves creating the Desktop entry files to fill the new menu. Desktop files created with the CompanyName category will appear under the Applications -> Company Name menu.
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/share/applications/sydney_production.desktop
| |
| [Desktop Entry]
| |
| Encoding=UTF-8
| |
| Name=Sydney Production
| |
| Comment=Sydney Production Site
| |
| Exec=/usr/bin/prodsys syd
| |
| Categories=GNOME;Application;CompanyName
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| ~-* /usr/bin/prodsys is a wrapper script to execute a gnome-terminal command - 'gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=sydprod -e ssh syd' would be executed-~
| |
| | |
| The new desktop entry should now appear under the new menu. Repeat the Desktop entry step for the remainder of terminals required.
| |
| | |
| === Multimedia ===
| |
| ==== gxine ====
| |
| Running sound over a thin-client architecture requires solely relying on the ESD sound system. After extensive testing of multiple multimedia players, gxine came out as the clear winner. gxine provides GTK file dialogs and supports additional codecs and the ESD system with minimal configuration. Further information about the installation of additional codecs is available from the RestrictedFormats wiki. gxine can be installed via:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install gxine
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp /usr/share/gxine/pixmaps/gxine-logo.png /usr/share/pixmaps/.
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| To ensure all users have the same configuration for all users, a setup similar to the xscreensaver configuration is needed. The setup, however, does not prevent users from recreating the .gxine directory, but will reset the configuration each time at login.
| |
| | |
| Perform the following steps to setup an initial configuration file:
| |
| | |
| * open gxine and follow the wizard
| |
| ** "~/.mailcap" and "KDE / Konqueror" options can be unchecked
| |
| * File -> Preferences
| |
| ** [gui] experience_level = Advanced
| |
| ** [audio] [] driver = esd
| |
| After setting up the desired configuration for the current user, copy the configuration file to a shared common location and setup the following addition to the gnome-session-wrapper script:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp ~/.gxine/config /usr/share/company/gxineconf
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # GXINE
| |
| # - set gxine settings
| |
| #########################################
| |
| GLOBALGXINE=/usr/share/company/gxineconf
| |
| # check if file exists
| |
| if [ -e $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then
| |
| # check if file is a symlink
| |
| if [ -h $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then
| |
| CONF=`ls -l $HOME/.gxine/config | sed -e "s/.*config -> //g"`
| |
| # check if symlink points to correct location
| |
| if [ $GLOBALGXINE != $CONF ]; then
| |
| rm $HOME/.gxine/config
| |
| fi
| |
| else
| |
| # file is not a symlink
| |
| rm $HOME/.gxine/config
| |
| fi
| |
| fi
| |
| # check if symlink exists
| |
| if [ ! -h $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then
| |
| # check if directory exists
| |
| if [ ! -d $HOME/.gxine ]; then
| |
| mkdir $HOME/.gxine
| |
| fi
| |
| # create symlink
| |
| cd $HOME/.gxine
| |
| ln -s $GLOBALGXINE config
| |
| fi
| |
| #########################################
| |
| # END GXINE
| |
| #########################################
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| ==== adobe acrobat ====
| |
| To complement evince, Adobe Acrobat was installed to provide full PDF support:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| ==== macromedia flash ====
| |
| To complete the multimedia setup, Macromedia Flash support was installed:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| An issue related to the installation of the flash plugin is the lack of multiple user sound support. On a single-user system, creating a symlink to the esd library in the right location can fix the issue. Multiple user systems (and it seems newer versions of esd on single-user machines) use a multiple esd socket file system. When a user logs on, a new socket is created under /tmp/.esd for the user. The Macromedia Flash plugin has the /tmp/.esd/socket file location hardcoded and a workaround is not possible at present.
| |
| | |
| In short, Macromedia Flash sound is not possible in a multiple user environment.
| |
| | |
| === GNOME Menu ===
| |
| Although the GNOME menu system has improved greatly in 2.12, there still is a lack of a tool for editing the GNOME menu on a system-wide basis. GNOME menu configuration, therefore, still needs to be edited on the command line.
| |
| | |
| The GNOME menu consists of a collection of desktop files in the /usr/share/applications directory. Inside each file is a Categories line which determines where the menu entry exists. A small number of system tool desktop files exist in /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets.
| |
| | |
| The first step in "trimming the fat" from the GNOME menu is to create a disabledapps directory under /usr/share/applications:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/applications/disabledapps
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| Next, determine which apps stay and which apps go. The current Applications menu configuration (after removing unwanted apps) is:
| |
| | |
| * Accessories
| |
| ** Archive Manager
| |
| ** Calculator
| |
| ** Character Map
| |
| ** File Browser
| |
| ** Terminal
| |
| ** Text Editor
| |
| * Company Name
| |
| ** Sydney Production
| |
| ** Oodnadatta Production
| |
| ** Yackandandah Production
| |
| ** Mullumbimby Production
| |
| * Graphics
| |
| ** Document Viewer*
| |
| ** GIMP Image Editor
| |
| ** gThumb Image Viewer
| |
| ** Image Viewer
| |
| * Internet
| |
| ** Evolution Mail
| |
| ** Firefox Web Browser
| |
| ** Terminal Server Client
| |
| * Office
| |
| ** (no changes)
| |
| * Sound & Video
| |
| ** gxine
| |
| ~-* Document Viewer was enabled - more later-~
| |
| | |
| The process of removing the unwanted entries consisted of moving the desktop files into /usr/share/applications/disabledapps then adding the "NoDisplay=true" line to each file. Below is a listing of the apps that currently exist in the disabledapps directory:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ ls -1 /usr/share/applications/disabledapps
| |
| blackjack.desktop
| |
| bug-buddy.desktop
| |
| disks.desktop
| |
| freecell.desktop
| |
| gaim.desktop
| |
| gataxx.desktop
| |
| gconf-editor.desktop
| |
| gdmflexiserver.desktop
| |
| gdmflexiserver-xnest.desktop
| |
| gdmsetup.desktop
| |
| gfloppy.desktop
| |
| gksu.desktop
| |
| gksuexec.desktop
| |
| glines.desktop
| |
| gnect.desktop
| |
| gnibbles.desktop
| |
| gnobots2.desktop
| |
| gnome-app-install.desktop
| |
| gnome-btdownload.desktop
| |
| gnome-cd.desktop
| |
| gnome-cups-manager.desktop
| |
| gnome-dictionary.desktop
| |
| gnomemeeting.desktop
| |
| gnome-nettool.desktop
| |
| gnome-screensaver-properties.desktop
| |
| gnome-sound-recorder.desktop
| |
| gnome-stones.desktop
| |
| gnome-system-log.desktop
| |
| gnome-system-monitor.desktop
| |
| gnometris.desktop
| |
| gnome-volume-control.desktop
| |
| gnome-volume-properties.desktop
| |
| gnomine.desktop
| |
| gnotravex.desktop
| |
| gnotski.desktop
| |
| gpilotd-control-applet.desktop
| |
| gstreamer-properties.desktop
| |
| gtali.desktop
| |
| hal-device-manager.desktop
| |
| hwdb.desktop
| |
| iagno.desktop
| |
| language-selector.desktop
| |
| mahjongg.desktop
| |
| network.desktop
| |
| reclevel.desktop
| |
| rhythmbox.desktop
| |
| same-gnome.desktop
| |
| serpentine.desktop
| |
| services.desktop
| |
| shares.desktop
| |
| smeg.desktop
| |
| smeg-kde.desktop
| |
| sol.desktop
| |
| sound-juicer.desktop
| |
| synaptic.desktop
| |
| synaptic-kde.desktop
| |
| time.desktop
| |
| totem.desktop
| |
| update-manager.desktop
| |
| users.desktop
| |
| vumeter.desktop
| |
| xchat.desktop
| |
| xsane.desktop
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| Attached is a copy of this listing, however it does not contain the entries that usually reside under /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets - attachment:disabledapps . Save the disabledapps file and execute the following:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets/* /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ for i in `cat disabledapps`; do sudo mv /usr/share/applications/$i /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/.; done
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo sed -i -e '/NoDisplay/d' /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/*
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ for i in `ls -1 /usr/share/applications/disabledapps`; do echo "NoDisplay=true" | sudo tee -a /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/$i; done
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| The final step in the GNOME menu configuration is enabling hidden items, such as the Document Viewer (evince) entry. Enabling an item is performed by changing the NoDisplay line to equal false:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo sed -i -e 's/NoDisplay\=false/NoDisplay=true/g' /usr/share/applications/evince.desktop
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| A suggested method for administrators to regain access to some of the removed apps is to run ''smeg'' on the command-line and add the desired apps to the current user only.
| |
| | |
| === Time/Date ===
| |
| The default configuration for ntpdate is to synchronise the system time with ntp.ubuntulinux.org when starting up. Problems arise when this is attempted inside a proxied/firewalled network. A workaround to this issue is to point NTP clients to internal NTP servers which update from external NTP servers. To change what server an Ubuntu machine points to, change /etc/default/ntpdate:
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/default/ntpdate
| |
| NTPSERVERS="server.companyname.com.au"
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| === Remote Desktop ===
| |
| ~-* bug submitted - see [[head-01ccb694f9193309fc8e6b926dc2e5d559400ecb below]] -~
| |
| | |
| A large advantage over the current CDE environment is the ability to remotely control a user's desktop using VNC. A problem arises, however, when trying to locate which user has which VNC desktop. When a user runs System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop a link is displayed showing how to connect to the user's display. This display always appears to be display 0 and not the user's real display.
| |
| | |
| The vineyard script, attachment:vineyard , can be installed into the /usr/share/company directory to match users with their displays. Placing the script in another directory other than /usr/bin prevents a conflict occuring with another similarly named package.
| |
| | |
| <pre><nowiki>
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv vineyard /usr/share/company/.
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/company/vineyard
| |
| ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo /usr/share/company/vineyard
| |
| ===================
| |
| REMOTE DESKTOPS
| |
| ===================
| |
| =============================
| |
| | username | display number |
| |
| =============================
| |
| | pcuser1 | 00 |
| |
| | pcuser2 | 01 |
| |
| =============================
| |
| </nowiki></pre>
| |
| The desired desktop then can be connected to using the Terminal Server Client by entering the address as hostname:''"display number"'' - example: naaman:01.
| |
| | |
| === Issues Being Investigated ===
| |
| * [https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/vino/+bug/6744 BugID 6744] - Remote Desktop does not display the correct display number to connect to.
| |
| ** [http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=319798 BugID 319798] already exists for this issue on the Gnome Bugzilla
| |
| === Additional Notes ===
| |
| This document, when completed, will be broken down into individual wikis relating to each section and a short paragraph on how each section relates to this document will remain. Breaking down this wiki will allow other contributors to add links to their own wikis, for example, a wiki on how to setup Ubuntu to authenticate off an OpenLDAP server.
| |
| | |
| === Document To-Do List ===
| |
| * Submit bugs on current issues
| |
| ** in progress
| |
| * Split into separate wikis
| |
| ** if existing content exists on Ubuntu wiki - collaborate with current documents
| |
| ** in progress
| |
| === UbuntuOnSunRay Compatibility Issues ===
| |
| * perform the CorporateUbuntu steps prior to the UbuntuOnSunRay steps
| |
| * problems may arise if the ssh and dhcpd3 packages are installed after setting up LDAP authentication
| |
| ** as a workaround, install the packages prior to setting up LDAP authentication
| |
| * combine the /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper and /usr/bin/gnome-session-sunray scripts as /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
| |
| ** essentially, these scripts perform the same function
| |
| === Credits ===
| |
| * Created: 2005-11-17 01:40:19 by NaamanCampbell<br>
| |
| * Updated: [[DateTime]] by NaamanCampbell<br>
| |
| * Contributors: NaamanCampbell<br>
| |
| ----
| |
| * [[category:CategoryCleanup]] [[category:CategoryDocumentation]]
| |
