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Ubuntu 安装 方法
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{{Translation}} {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation}} 下面这个向导将指导你如何安装Ubuntu。
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation}}
 
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation}}
* 大部分人会使用标准的安装过程。
The guides listed below provide instructions on how to install Ubuntu on your computer.
* 如果你在安装时候出现问题或者需要不同的安装方法,请参考另外的章节。
* Most people will use the standard installation procedure.
 
* If you have problems installing or need to install using a different method, see the other sections.
== 标准安装<br> ==
== Standard installation ==
 
To install Ubuntu, you will need ''compatible hardware'' and an ''installation CD''. The  following guides will help you with these steps.
安装Ubuntu,你将需要适当的硬件和一个安装CD。下面几个步骤会帮助你。
<ol><li>Check if your hardware works with Ubuntu and meets the minimum system requirements. (see [[UbuntuHelp:SupportedArchitectures|SupportedArchitectures]], Ubuntu:HardwareSupport and [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/SystemRequirements|Installation/SystemRequirements]])
 
</li><li>Obtain an installation CD. (see [[UbuntuHelp:GettingUbuntu|GettingUbuntu]])
# 检查你的硬件是否能工作在Ubuntu下面并且符合Ubuntu的最小安装需求。(参考 [[UbuntuHelp:SupportedArchitectures|SupportedArchitectures]], Ubuntu:硬件支持和 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/SystemRequirements|安装 /系统需求]])
</li><li>If you downloaded a CD image, burn it to a CD (see [[UbuntuHelp:BurningIsoHowto|BurningIsoHowto]]) and check to make sure it was burned correctly. (see [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/CDIntegrityCheck|Installation/CDIntegrityCheck]])
# 获得一张安装CD。 (参考 [[UbuntuHelp:GettingUbuntu|获得Ubuntu]])
</li><li>Install Ubuntu by booting from the installation CD. (see [[UbuntuHelp:GraphicalInstall|GraphicalInstall]])</li></ol>
# 如果你下载了一份CD镜像,刻录成CD (参考 [[UbuntuHelp:BurningIsoHowto|如何刻录Iso]]) 并检查确保它正确的刻录。 (参考 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/CDIntegrityCheck|安装/CD完整校验]])
# 通过从安装CD启动来安装Ubuntu。(参考 [[UbuntuHelp:GraphicalInstall|图型安装]])
 
== 使用Alternate CD安装 ==
 
如果你的计算机不能运行标准桌面安装CD,你可以使用一张''Alternate 安装 CD'' 来代替. 这张 Alternate CD 将允许更多高级的安装选项,这是桌面CD所没有的。
 
* 如果你有一台 '''x86 计算机''', 请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/I386|安装/I386]]。这是大多数人所使用的。
* 如果你使用'''AMD 64-bit 计算机''',请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/AMD64|安装/AMD64]]
* 如果你使有的是 '''PowerPC (Apple Mac)''' 计算机,请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/PowerPC|安装/PowerPC]]。
* 如果你使用 '''SPARC''' 计算机,比如一台 UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara),请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/Sparc|安装/Sparc]]。
* 如果你使用 '''Sony Play''''''Station 3''',请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:PlayStation 3|PlayStation_3]].
 
== 不使用CD安装 ==
 
下面的列表将提供不使用CD或者CD驱动器的安装方法来安装Ubuntu。
 
* [[UbuntuHelp:SmartBootManagerHowto|SmartBootManagerHowto]] - 通过PC来安装,将不通过CD引导。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromUSBStick|Installation/FromUSBStick]] - 通过USB记忆棒来安装。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromCForUSBStick|Installation/FromCForUSBStick]] - 类似上面的但是使用的是''grub''。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/WithFloppies|Installation/WithFloppies]] -通过网络安装而不是CD。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromHardDriveWithFloppies|Installation/FromHardDriveWithFloppies]] - 通过硬盘安装而不是CD或者网络。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromWindows|Installation/FromWindows]] - 通过Windows安装,而不用软盘、CD或任何的可移动设备。
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromLinux|Installation/FromLinux]] - 通过已存在的Linux系统使用Ubuntu CD镜像来安装到一个空白分区。


== Installation using the Alternate CD ==
If your computer is not able to run the standard Desktop installation CD, you can use an ''Alternate installation CD'' instead. The Alternate CD also allows more advanced installation options which are not available with the Desktop CD.
* If you have an '''x86 computer''', see [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/I386|Installation/I386]]. Most people have an x86 computer.
* If you have an '''AMD 64-bit computer''', see [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/AMD64|Installation/AMD64]].
* If you have a '''PowerPC (Apple Mac)''' computer, see [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/PowerPC|Installation/PowerPC]].
* If you have a '''SPARC''' computer, such as an UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara), see [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/Sparc|Installation/Sparc]].
* If you have a '''Sony Play''''''Station 3''', see [[UbuntuHelp:PlayStation_3|PlayStation_3]].
== Installation without a CD ==
The documents listed below provide instructions for installing Ubuntu without using a CD or CD-ROM drive.
* [[UbuntuHelp:SmartBootManagerHowto|SmartBootManagerHowto]] - Installing from a PC which will not boot from a CD.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromUSBStick|Installation/FromUSBStick]] - Installing from a USB memory stick.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromCForUSBStick|Installation/FromCForUSBStick]] - Similar to above but using ''grub''.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/WithFloppies|Installation/WithFloppies]] - Installing without a CD drive over a network.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromHardDriveWithFloppies|Installation/FromHardDriveWithFloppies]] - Installing without a CD drive or network capabilities from a hard drive.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromWindows|Installation/FromWindows]] - Installing from Windows without using floppies, a CD, or any other removable media.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromLinux|Installation/FromLinux]] - Installing using a spare partition from an existing Linux system to house the Ubuntu CD image.
== Upgrading an installation ==
== Upgrading an installation ==
If you have an older version of Ubuntu or some other Linux distribution, see below for notes on upgrading to a newer version of Ubuntu.
If you have an older version of Ubuntu or some other Linux distribution, see below for notes on upgrading to a newer version of Ubuntu.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/UpgradeFromOldVersion|Installation/UpgradeFromOldVersion]] - Upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to the latest version.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/UpgradeFromOldVersion|Installation/UpgradeFromOldVersion]] - Upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to the latest version.
* Ubuntu:WartyUpgradeNotes - Upgrading from a pre-release or Debian Woody to Warty Warthog.
* Ubuntu:WartyUpgradeNotes - Upgrading from a pre-release or Debian Woody to Warty Warthog.
== Server and network installations ==
== Server and network installations ==
If you would like to install Ubuntu over a network or the Internet, see the guides below for different ways (and different accounts of similar ways) that people have done this.
If you would like to install Ubuntu over a network or the Internet, see the guides below for different ways (and different accounts of similar ways) that people have done this.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/LocalNet|Installation/LocalNet]] - Installing from a local server, using DHCP, TFTP, and PXE.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/LocalNet|Installation/LocalNet]] - Installing from a local server, using DHCP, TFTP, and PXE.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/Netboot|Installation/Netboot]] - Another description of installing over the net, with no CD-ROM drive or a non-bootable SCSI CD-ROM drive.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/Netboot|Installation/Netboot]] - Another description of installing over the net, with no CD-ROM drive or a non-bootable SCSI CD-ROM drive.
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* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH|Installation/OverSSH]] - Installing on a dedicated server over ssh.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH|Installation/OverSSH]] - Installing on a dedicated server over ssh.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/WithFloppies|Installation/WithFloppies]] - Installing without a CD drive over a network.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/WithFloppies|Installation/WithFloppies]] - Installing without a CD drive over a network.
== Installing on external or RAID hard disks ==
== Installing on external or RAID hard disks ==
If you would like to install Ubuntu on an external hard disk or a RAID array, see the guides below for instructions.
If you would like to install Ubuntu on an external hard disk or a RAID array, see the guides below for instructions.
* [[UbuntuHelp:BootFromFirewireHardDisk|BootFromFirewireHardDisk]] - Booting Linux from a Firewire hard disk.
* [[UbuntuHelp:BootFromFirewireHardDisk|BootFromFirewireHardDisk]] - Booting Linux from a Firewire hard disk.
* [[UbuntuHelp:BootFromUSB|BootFromUSB]] - Booting an Ubuntu system on a USB hard disk on computers which cannot boot from USB (using a boot CD).
* [[UbuntuHelp:BootFromUSB|BootFromUSB]] - Booting an Ubuntu system on a USB hard disk on computers which cannot boot from USB (using a boot CD).
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* [[UbuntuHelp:FakeRaidHowto|FakeRaidHowto]] - Installing onto a BIOS RAID array.
* [[UbuntuHelp:FakeRaidHowto|FakeRaidHowto]] - Installing onto a BIOS RAID array.
* [[UbuntuHelp:How to dual-boot Ubuntu and XP after installing them separately on two HDs|How to dual-boot Ubuntu and XP after installing them separately on two HDs]] - If you really want to keep XP and Ubuntu on separate hard drives.
* [[UbuntuHelp:How to dual-boot Ubuntu and XP after installing them separately on two HDs|How to dual-boot Ubuntu and XP after installing them separately on two HDs]] - If you really want to keep XP and Ubuntu on separate hard drives.
== Minimal installations ==
== Minimal installations ==
If you have an older computer or a computer with a small amount of memory, see the guides below for help on installing Ubuntu.
If you have an older computer or a computer with a small amount of memory, see the guides below for help on installing Ubuntu.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/LowMemorySystems|Installation/LowMemorySystems]] - Install Ubuntu on older computers with low memory.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/LowMemorySystems|Installation/LowMemorySystems]] - Install Ubuntu on older computers with low memory.
* [[UbuntuHelp:LowEndSystemSupport|LowEndSystemSupport]] - Making the desktop interface snappier on machines with low memory.
* [[UbuntuHelp:LowEndSystemSupport|LowEndSystemSupport]] - Making the desktop interface snappier on machines with low memory.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/MinimalCD|Installation/MinimalCD]] - From a minimal CD that downloads packages during install.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/MinimalCD|Installation/MinimalCD]] - From a minimal CD that downloads packages during install.
== Other installation guides ==
== Other installation guides ==
The guides below cover several different topics which concern installation.
The guides below cover several different topics which concern installation.
* [[UbuntuHelp:VirtualMachines|VirtualMachines]] - Using Ubuntu with [[UbuntuHelp:VMware|VMware]] and XEN.
* [[UbuntuHelp:VirtualMachines|VirtualMachines]] - Using Ubuntu with [[UbuntuHelp:VMware|VMware]] and XEN.
* [[UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot|WindowsDualBoot]] - Install Ubuntu on the same hard drive as an existing Windows installation.
* [[UbuntuHelp:WindowsDualBoot|WindowsDualBoot]] - Install Ubuntu on the same hard drive as an existing Windows installation.
* [[UbuntuHelp:MigratingFromWindows|MigratingFromWindows]] - Instructions on how to transfer data from common Windows applications to their Ubuntu equivalents.
* [[UbuntuHelp:MigratingFromWindows|MigratingFromWindows]] - Instructions on how to transfer data from common Windows applications to their Ubuntu equivalents.
* [[UbuntuHelp:SwitchingFromWindows|SwitchingFromWindows]] - Guidance on switching from Windows to Ubuntu and getting used to the differences.
* [[UbuntuHelp:SwitchingFromWindows|SwitchingFromWindows]] - Guidance on switching from Windows to Ubuntu and getting used to the differences.
* [[UbuntuHelp:forum/installation/Partitioning|Partitioning]] - Safely split your hard drive into smaller parts.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Forum/installation/Partitioning|Partitioning]] - Safely split your hard drive into smaller parts.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/32bitonAMD64|Installation/32bitonAMD64]] - Guide to getting past boot errors when installing Ubuntu i386 on an AMD 64-bit system
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/32bitonAMD64|Installation/32bitonAMD64]] - Guide to getting past boot errors when installing Ubuntu i386 on an AMD 64-bit system
* [[UbuntuHelp:InstallCDCustomization|InstallCDCustomization]] - Customize the Ubuntu Alternative Installer/Server installation CD.
* [[UbuntuHelp:InstallCDCustomization|InstallCDCustomization]] - Customize the Ubuntu Alternative Installer/Server installation CD.
* Ubuntu:Booting - An explanation of the boot process and boot device issues.
* Ubuntu:Booting - An explanation of the boot process and boot device issues.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromKnoppix|Installation/FromKnoppix]] - Instructions on installing from Knoppix, if the Ubuntu installer will not work.
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromKnoppix|Installation/FromKnoppix]] - Instructions on installing from Knoppix, if the Ubuntu installer will not work.
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2008年4月1日 (二) 13:22的版本

{{#ifexist: :Installation/zh/zh | | {{#ifexist: Installation/zh/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/zh|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/zh|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

下面这个向导将指导你如何安装Ubuntu。
  • 大部分人会使用标准的安装过程。
  • 如果你在安装时候出现问题或者需要不同的安装方法,请参考另外的章节。

标准安装

安装Ubuntu,你将需要适当的硬件和一个安装CD。下面几个步骤会帮助你。

  1. 检查你的硬件是否能工作在Ubuntu下面并且符合Ubuntu的最小安装需求。(参考 SupportedArchitectures, Ubuntu:硬件支持和 安装 /系统需求)
  2. 获得一张安装CD。 (参考 获得Ubuntu)
  3. 如果你下载了一份CD镜像,刻录成CD (参考 如何刻录Iso) 并检查确保它正确的刻录。 (参考 安装/CD完整校验)
  4. 通过从安装CD启动来安装Ubuntu。(参考 图型安装)

使用Alternate CD安装

如果你的计算机不能运行标准桌面安装CD,你可以使用一张Alternate 安装 CD 来代替. 这张 Alternate CD 将允许更多高级的安装选项,这是桌面CD所没有的。

  • 如果你有一台 x86 计算机, 请参考 安装/I386。这是大多数人所使用的。
  • 如果你使用AMD 64-bit 计算机,请参考 安装/AMD64
  • 如果你使有的是 PowerPC (Apple Mac) 计算机,请参考 安装/PowerPC
  • 如果你使用 SPARC 计算机,比如一台 UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara),请参考 安装/Sparc
  • 如果你使用 Sony Play'Station 3',请参考 PlayStation_3.

不使用CD安装

下面的列表将提供不使用CD或者CD驱动器的安装方法来安装Ubuntu。

Upgrading an installation

If you have an older version of Ubuntu or some other Linux distribution, see below for notes on upgrading to a newer version of Ubuntu.

  • Installation/UpgradeFromOldVersion - Upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to the latest version.
  • Ubuntu:WartyUpgradeNotes - Upgrading from a pre-release or Debian Woody to Warty Warthog.

Server and network installations

If you would like to install Ubuntu over a network or the Internet, see the guides below for different ways (and different accounts of similar ways) that people have done this.

Installing on external or RAID hard disks

If you would like to install Ubuntu on an external hard disk or a RAID array, see the guides below for instructions.

Minimal installations

If you have an older computer or a computer with a small amount of memory, see the guides below for help on installing Ubuntu.

Other installation guides

The guides below cover several different topics which concern installation.

  • VirtualMachines - Using Ubuntu with VMware and XEN.
  • WindowsDualBoot - Install Ubuntu on the same hard drive as an existing Windows installation.
  • MigratingFromWindows - Instructions on how to transfer data from common Windows applications to their Ubuntu equivalents.
  • SwitchingFromWindows - Guidance on switching from Windows to Ubuntu and getting used to the differences.
  • Partitioning - Safely split your hard drive into smaller parts.
  • Installation/32bitonAMD64 - Guide to getting past boot errors when installing Ubuntu i386 on an AMD 64-bit system
  • InstallCDCustomization - Customize the Ubuntu Alternative Installer/Server installation CD.
  • Ubuntu:Booting - An explanation of the boot process and boot device issues.
  • Installation/FromKnoppix - Instructions on installing from Knoppix, if the Ubuntu installer will not work.