“UbuntuHelp:LiveCDInstallHowTo”的版本间的差异
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小 (新页面: {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDInstallHowTo}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCDInstallHowTo}} == Installing Ubuntu Linux to your hard drive from LiveCD. == '''These instruc...) |
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDInstallHowTo}} | {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDInstallHowTo}} | ||
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCDInstallHowTo}} | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCDInstallHowTo}} | ||
− | + | == Installing Ubuntu Linux to your hard drive from [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]. == | |
− | + | '''These instructions are obsolete''' because as of Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] now comes with a simple "install" button right on the desktop which handles all of this for you. However, these instructions are probably still useful for reference and/or historical purposes and/or troubleshooting and/or people who need to create a custom install. | |
− | == Installing Ubuntu Linux to your hard drive from LiveCD. == | + | |
− | + | ||
− | '''These instructions are obsolete''' because as of Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, the LiveCD now comes with a simple "install" button right on the desktop which handles all of this for you. However, these instructions are probably still useful for reference and/or historical purposes and/or troubleshooting and/or people who need to create a custom install. | + | |
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=== Introduction === | === Introduction === | ||
The Ubuntu Live CD's may be installed to hard drive. The process to be followed is similar to the one followed by the Knoppix and DSL installer scripts | The Ubuntu Live CD's may be installed to hard drive. The process to be followed is similar to the one followed by the Knoppix and DSL installer scripts | ||
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Credits: This howto is based upon the [http://www.willmer.com/kb/2005/02/installing-ubuntu-hoary-from-livecd/ Installing Ubuntu Hoary from LiveCD] | Credits: This howto is based upon the [http://www.willmer.com/kb/2005/02/installing-ubuntu-hoary-from-livecd/ Installing Ubuntu Hoary from LiveCD] | ||
, but has been updated. | , but has been updated. | ||
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This method works for the [http://www.ubuntu.org/ Ubuntu] and the [http://www.kubuntu.org/ Kubuntu] live cds. | This method works for the [http://www.ubuntu.org/ Ubuntu] and the [http://www.kubuntu.org/ Kubuntu] live cds. | ||
− | + | This is also the ONLY method to install [[UbuntuWiki:Ebuntu|Ebuntu]] to your Hard Drive. | |
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− | This is also the ONLY method to install [ | + | |
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''Warning:'' This method worked for me. If you do something wrong, you may screw up your system. This has '''not''' been tested on SCSI systems. SCSI systems require kernel recompilation and that is beyond the scope of this Howto. | ''Warning:'' This method worked for me. If you do something wrong, you may screw up your system. This has '''not''' been tested on SCSI systems. SCSI systems require kernel recompilation and that is beyond the scope of this Howto. | ||
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''' Proceed at your own risk. ''' | ''' Proceed at your own risk. ''' | ||
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Also I expect that you are comfortable with the command line interface in particular and Linux in general. | Also I expect that you are comfortable with the command line interface in particular and Linux in general. | ||
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=== Let's Begin === | === Let's Begin === | ||
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Be careful! There are no seat belts attached here!. People who have experience with Gentoo Linux will feel at home though.. | Be careful! There are no seat belts attached here!. People who have experience with Gentoo Linux will feel at home though.. | ||
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Ideally , you should try this out on a spare hard disk. Although a spare partition would do too. Just be careful when you are installing grub in that case. | Ideally , you should try this out on a spare hard disk. Although a spare partition would do too. Just be careful when you are installing grub in that case. | ||
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==== Before you start ==== | ==== Before you start ==== | ||
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Assume that all the data that you have on your hard disk is going to get lost. | Assume that all the data that you have on your hard disk is going to get lost. | ||
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Thus you have two alternatives here | Thus you have two alternatives here | ||
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1) Backup all your data on CD's/DVD's/Network etc. | 1) Backup all your data on CD's/DVD's/Network etc. | ||
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2) Install on a spare hard disk (Highly recommended for novices) | 2) Install on a spare hard disk (Highly recommended for novices) | ||
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What we will do here is to do by hand what the installer does automatically. | What we will do here is to do by hand what the installer does automatically. | ||
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Advantages of this approach: This method allows you to have finer grained control of the installation than the default Ubuntu installer | Advantages of this approach: This method allows you to have finer grained control of the installation than the default Ubuntu installer | ||
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Disadvantages: If you screw up, you'll have to start all over again, from the first step! | Disadvantages: If you screw up, you'll have to start all over again, from the first step! | ||
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Now that you know what you're getting into, let's proceed. | Now that you know what you're getting into, let's proceed. | ||
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NOTE: | NOTE: | ||
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1) Warnings are '''bold'''. | 1) Warnings are '''bold'''. | ||
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2) The commands that you have to type ''are in italics''. | 2) The commands that you have to type ''are in italics''. | ||
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==== Boot the system from your desired Live CD ==== | ==== Boot the system from your desired Live CD ==== | ||
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Boot from your Ubuntu , Kubuntu or Ebuntu live cd. Perform all the customizations that you would normally perform. These include | Boot from your Ubuntu , Kubuntu or Ebuntu live cd. Perform all the customizations that you would normally perform. These include | ||
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1) Setting up your internet connection. (REQUIRED) | 1) Setting up your internet connection. (REQUIRED) | ||
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2) Setting up your repostories (REQUIRED) | 2) Setting up your repostories (REQUIRED) | ||
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(If you dont know how to do it, please read [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware| How to install software]] | (If you dont know how to do it, please read [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware| How to install software]] | ||
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3) Any other customizations (OPTIONAL) | 3) Any other customizations (OPTIONAL) | ||
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==== Create New Partition ==== | ==== Create New Partition ==== | ||
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Let us assume that you are going to install on /dev/hda1 and that the swap partion will be /dev/hda2 | Let us assume that you are going to install on /dev/hda1 and that the swap partion will be /dev/hda2 | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo fdisk /dev/hda | sudo fdisk /dev/hda | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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fdisk is pretty easy to use. if you are not comfortable, please read [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=4#doc_chap3 Using fdisk to partition your disk] | fdisk is pretty easy to use. if you are not comfortable, please read [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=4#doc_chap3 Using fdisk to partition your disk] | ||
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Make 2 partitions, one for / and another for swap. | Make 2 partitions, one for / and another for swap. | ||
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Let swap be the first partion and the / be the other partition. | Let swap be the first partion and the / be the other partition. | ||
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The above configuration is a generic configuration. It is almost guranteed to work on all situations | The above configuration is a generic configuration. It is almost guranteed to work on all situations | ||
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NOTE TO EXPERTS : You can also setup /home /usr etc. .. partitions as per your own needs. | NOTE TO EXPERTS : You can also setup /home /usr etc. .. partitions as per your own needs. | ||
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==== Make File Systems on hard disk partitions ==== | ==== Make File Systems on hard disk partitions ==== | ||
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Make the swap partition | Make the swap partition | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mkswap /dev/hda1 | mkswap /dev/hda1 | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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Make the / (root) partition | Make the / (root) partition | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda2 | mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda2 | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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NOTE: There are lots of options while making file systems. For more info [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=4#doc_chap4 Creating Filesystems] | NOTE: There are lots of options while making file systems. For more info [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=4#doc_chap4 Creating Filesystems] | ||
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==== Create and mount partitions ==== | ==== Create and mount partitions ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mkdir /mnt | mkdir /mnt | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt | mount /dev/hda1 /mnt | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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NOTE: Replace /dev/hda1 with your / partion. This is also the time to mount /usr /home etc if you have made them seperately. | NOTE: Replace /dev/hda1 with your / partion. This is also the time to mount /usr /home etc if you have made them seperately. | ||
==== Setup Networking ==== | ==== Setup Networking ==== | ||
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==== Install cloop-utils ==== | ==== Install cloop-utils ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo apt-get install cloop-utils | sudo apt-get install cloop-utils | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Populate file system ==== | ==== Populate file system ==== | ||
Note: This step will take a lot of time. | Note: This step will take a lot of time. | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
extract_compressed_fs /cdrom/casper/filesystem.cloop > /mnt/extracted_fs | extract_compressed_fs /cdrom/casper/filesystem.cloop > /mnt/extracted_fs | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Mount uncompressed file system ==== | ==== Mount uncompressed file system ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mkdir /mnt/cloop | mkdir /mnt/cloop | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mount /mnt/extracted_fs /mnt/cloop -o loop | mount /mnt/extracted_fs /mnt/cloop -o loop | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Copy filesystem to new partition ==== | ==== Copy filesystem to new partition ==== | ||
Note: This step will take a lot of time. | Note: This step will take a lot of time. | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
rsync -av /mnt/cloop/* /mnt/ | rsync -av /mnt/cloop/* /mnt/ | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Configure internet connection and network interfaces ==== | ==== Configure internet connection and network interfaces ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf | cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc | mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
cp /etc/network/interfaces /mnt/etc/network/interfaces | cp /etc/network/interfaces /mnt/etc/network/interfaces | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Change over to your new filesystem ==== | ==== Change over to your new filesystem ==== | ||
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Chroot into your new filesystem, so that all changes get made in the new partition. | Chroot into your new filesystem, so that all changes get made in the new partition. | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
chroot /mnt /bin/bash | chroot /mnt /bin/bash | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Edit /etc/fstab (file system information) ==== | ==== Edit /etc/fstab (file system information) ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo vi /etc/fstab | sudo vi /etc/fstab | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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and enter the following lines | and enter the following lines | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. | # /etc/fstab: static file system information. | ||
第197行: | 第117行: | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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NOTE: ''man fstab'' for more. I have assumed here that the cdrom drive is the primary slave and HD is the primary master. | NOTE: ''man fstab'' for more. I have assumed here that the cdrom drive is the primary slave and HD is the primary master. | ||
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==== Add yourself to the visudoers list ==== | ==== Add yourself to the visudoers list ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo visudo | sudo visudo | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Install GRUB ==== | ==== Install GRUB ==== | ||
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GRUB is the bootloader. It is required for booting your system. | GRUB is the bootloader. It is required for booting your system. | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo apt-get update | sudo apt-get update | ||
sudo apt-get install grub | sudo apt-get install grub | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Update the Kernel Image Configuration File ==== | ==== Update the Kernel Image Configuration File ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo vi /etc/kernel-img.conf | sudo vi /etc/kernel-img.conf | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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and type the following : | and type the following : | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
# Do not create symbolic links in / | # Do not create symbolic links in / | ||
第249行: | 第152行: | ||
postrm_hook = /sbin/update-grub | postrm_hook = /sbin/update-grub | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Generate Grub config file ==== | ==== Generate Grub config file ==== | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
update-grub | update-grub | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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This will make a new menu.lst file | This will make a new menu.lst file | ||
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and then , to insall grub: | and then , to insall grub: | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
cp /lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub | cp /lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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and then | and then | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
grub | grub | ||
第273行: | 第168行: | ||
grub> quit | grub> quit | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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==== Remake initrd ==== | ==== Remake initrd ==== | ||
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initrd is the intial ramdisk, it is the most vital part during the booting process. | initrd is the intial ramdisk, it is the most vital part during the booting process. | ||
You should remove the current initrd file and run mkinitrd as the last step before rebooting. So any needed drivers at boot time will be available. This fixes a VFS root mount error you might get if you use ext3, sata, scsi, etc. | You should remove the current initrd file and run mkinitrd as the last step before rebooting. So any needed drivers at boot time will be available. This fixes a VFS root mount error you might get if you use ext3, sata, scsi, etc. | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
rm /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 (—change this if needed—) | rm /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 (—change this if needed—) | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
mkinitrd -o initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 2.6.10-3-386 | mkinitrd -o initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 2.6.10-3-386 | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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=== Post Install === | === Post Install === | ||
− | + | Reboot, taking out the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]]. If you’ve got everything right, you’ll now have a running Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Ebuntu installation. If not, boot up the [[UbuntuHelp:LiveCD|LiveCD]] and fix the problems. You'll probably have to start over again :-) | |
− | Reboot, taking out the LiveCD. If you’ve got everything right, you’ll now have a running Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Ebuntu installation. If not, boot up the LiveCD and fix the problems. You'll probably have to start over again :-) | + | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
[[category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[category:CategoryCleanup]] | [[category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[category:CategoryCleanup]] | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] |
2007年12月8日 (六) 09:45的最新版本
点击翻译: |
English |
请不要直接编辑翻译本页,本页将定期与来源同步。 |
目录
- 1 Installing Ubuntu Linux to your hard drive from LiveCD.
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Let's Begin
- 1.2.1 Before you start
- 1.2.2 Boot the system from your desired Live CD
- 1.2.3 Create New Partition
- 1.2.4 Make File Systems on hard disk partitions
- 1.2.5 Create and mount partitions
- 1.2.6 Setup Networking
- 1.2.7 Install cloop-utils
- 1.2.8 Populate file system
- 1.2.9 Mount uncompressed file system
- 1.2.10 Copy filesystem to new partition
- 1.2.11 Configure internet connection and network interfaces
- 1.2.12 Change over to your new filesystem
- 1.2.13 Edit /etc/fstab (file system information)
- 1.2.14 Add yourself to the visudoers list
- 1.2.15 Install GRUB
- 1.2.16 Update the Kernel Image Configuration File
- 1.2.17 Generate Grub config file
- 1.2.18 Remake initrd
- 1.3 Post Install
Installing Ubuntu Linux to your hard drive from LiveCD.
These instructions are obsolete because as of Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, the LiveCD now comes with a simple "install" button right on the desktop which handles all of this for you. However, these instructions are probably still useful for reference and/or historical purposes and/or troubleshooting and/or people who need to create a custom install.
Introduction
The Ubuntu Live CD's may be installed to hard drive. The process to be followed is similar to the one followed by the Knoppix and DSL installer scripts Credits: This howto is based upon the Installing Ubuntu Hoary from LiveCD , but has been updated. This method works for the Ubuntu and the Kubuntu live cds. This is also the ONLY method to install Ebuntu to your Hard Drive. Warning: This method worked for me. If you do something wrong, you may screw up your system. This has not been tested on SCSI systems. SCSI systems require kernel recompilation and that is beyond the scope of this Howto. Proceed at your own risk. Also I expect that you are comfortable with the command line interface in particular and Linux in general.
Let's Begin
Be careful! There are no seat belts attached here!. People who have experience with Gentoo Linux will feel at home though.. Ideally , you should try this out on a spare hard disk. Although a spare partition would do too. Just be careful when you are installing grub in that case.
Before you start
Assume that all the data that you have on your hard disk is going to get lost. Thus you have two alternatives here 1) Backup all your data on CD's/DVD's/Network etc. 2) Install on a spare hard disk (Highly recommended for novices) What we will do here is to do by hand what the installer does automatically. Advantages of this approach: This method allows you to have finer grained control of the installation than the default Ubuntu installer Disadvantages: If you screw up, you'll have to start all over again, from the first step! Now that you know what you're getting into, let's proceed. NOTE: 1) Warnings are bold. 2) The commands that you have to type are in italics.
Boot the system from your desired Live CD
Boot from your Ubuntu , Kubuntu or Ebuntu live cd. Perform all the customizations that you would normally perform. These include 1) Setting up your internet connection. (REQUIRED) 2) Setting up your repostories (REQUIRED) (If you dont know how to do it, please read How to install software 3) Any other customizations (OPTIONAL)
Create New Partition
Let us assume that you are going to install on /dev/hda1 and that the swap partion will be /dev/hda2
sudo fdisk /dev/hda
fdisk is pretty easy to use. if you are not comfortable, please read Using fdisk to partition your disk Make 2 partitions, one for / and another for swap. Let swap be the first partion and the / be the other partition. The above configuration is a generic configuration. It is almost guranteed to work on all situations NOTE TO EXPERTS : You can also setup /home /usr etc. .. partitions as per your own needs.
Make File Systems on hard disk partitions
Make the swap partition
mkswap /dev/hda1
Make the / (root) partition
mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda2
NOTE: There are lots of options while making file systems. For more info Creating Filesystems
Create and mount partitions
mkdir /mnt
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt
NOTE: Replace /dev/hda1 with your / partion. This is also the time to mount /usr /home etc if you have made them seperately.
Setup Networking
Install cloop-utils
sudo apt-get install cloop-utils
Populate file system
Note: This step will take a lot of time.
extract_compressed_fs /cdrom/casper/filesystem.cloop > /mnt/extracted_fs
Mount uncompressed file system
mkdir /mnt/cloop
mount /mnt/extracted_fs /mnt/cloop -o loop
Copy filesystem to new partition
Note: This step will take a lot of time.
rsync -av /mnt/cloop/* /mnt/
Configure internet connection and network interfaces
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
cp /etc/network/interfaces /mnt/etc/network/interfaces
Change over to your new filesystem
Chroot into your new filesystem, so that all changes get made in the new partition.
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Edit /etc/fstab (file system information)
sudo vi /etc/fstab
and enter the following lines
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/hda1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hdb /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
NOTE: man fstab for more. I have assumed here that the cdrom drive is the primary slave and HD is the primary master.
Add yourself to the visudoers list
sudo visudo
Install GRUB
GRUB is the bootloader. It is required for booting your system.
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install grub
Update the Kernel Image Configuration File
sudo vi /etc/kernel-img.conf
and type the following :
# Do not create symbolic links in / do_symlinks = no relative_links = yes do_bootloader = no do_bootfloppy = no do_initrd = yes link_in_boot = no postinst_hook = /sbin/update-grub postrm_hook = /sbin/update-grub
Generate Grub config file
update-grub
This will make a new menu.lst file and then , to insall grub:
cp /lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
and then
grub grub> root (hd0,4) grub> setup (hd0) grub> quit
Remake initrd
initrd is the intial ramdisk, it is the most vital part during the booting process. You should remove the current initrd file and run mkinitrd as the last step before rebooting. So any needed drivers at boot time will be available. This fixes a VFS root mount error you might get if you use ext3, sata, scsi, etc.
rm /boot/initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 (—change this if needed—)
mkinitrd -o initrd.img-2.6.10-3-386 2.6.10-3-386
Post Install
Reboot, taking out the LiveCD. If you’ve got everything right, you’ll now have a running Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Ebuntu installation. If not, boot up the LiveCD and fix the problems. You'll probably have to start over again :-)