特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Installation/OverSSH:修订间差异

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第13行: 第13行:
Use <code><nowiki>fdisk</nowiki></code> to partition your hard disk.
Use <code><nowiki>fdisk</nowiki></code> to partition your hard disk.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# fdisk /dev/hda
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第26行: 第27行:
Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.
Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


And the same for our swap partition.
And the same for our swap partition.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# mkswap /dev/hda2
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/hda2
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第38行: 第43行:
==== Mounting Root ====
==== Mounting Root ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第47行: 第54行:
On an apt based system we can use <code><nowiki>dpkg</nowiki></code> to install it.
On an apt based system we can use <code><nowiki>dpkg</nowiki></code> to install it.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第53行: 第62行:
If your system is neither, this might work.
If your system is neither, this might work.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# mkdir /work; cd /work
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# ar -xf debootstrap-udeb_0.3.3.0ubuntu7_i386.udeb
# cd /
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第60行: 第74行:
==== Installing the Base System ====
==== Installing the Base System ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第68行: 第83行:
Change HOSTNAME to whatever suits your environment.
Change HOSTNAME to whatever suits your environment.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


==== fstab ====
==== fstab ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


Put the following in fstab:
Put the following in fstab:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>  <type>  <options>      <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc          proc    defaults        0      0
proc            /proc          proc    defaults        0      0
/dev/hda1      /              ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro 0      1
/dev/hda1      /              ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro 0      1
第85行: 第105行:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>


#Network Config:
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface lo inet loopback


# The primary network interface
auto eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.0.10
address 10.0.0.10
        network 10.0.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
        braodcast 10.0.0.255
braodcast 10.0.0.255
        gateway 10.0.0.1
gateway 10.0.0.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第121行: 第144行:
It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....
It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# passwd
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


==== Create a user and switch shadow password on ====
==== Create a user and switch shadow password on ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第130行: 第155行:


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# apt-get update
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


==== Installing OpenSSH Server ====
==== Installing OpenSSH Server ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# apt-get install openssh-server
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第139行: 第166行:
Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:
Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# apt-get install linux-image-686
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第153行: 第181行:


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# /boot/grub/grub.conf
default 0
default 0
timeout 3
timeout 3


title=Ubuntu
title=Ubuntu
  root (hd0,0)
root (hd0,0)
  kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
  initrd /initrd.img
initrd /initrd.img
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第168行: 第197行:


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# grub
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第181行: 第211行:


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# exit
# cd /
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/dev
# umount /mnt/ubuntu
# reboot
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第192行: 第228行:
==== Generate locales ====
==== Generate locales ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
# locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
# echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>


第205行: 第244行:


* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
 
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html  HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html  HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.


[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2007年5月24日 (四) 10:42的版本

{{#ifexist: :Installation/OverSSH/zh | | {{#ifexist: Installation/OverSSH/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/OverSSH|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/OverSSH|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

/!\ This is a work in progress, it is not mature yet and it may break your system!

Caveat

As you may already have guessed following this instruction may break your system and you are on your own to fix it again.

Scenario

This instruction describes how to install Ubuntu on a dedicated server over ssh. I assume that your provider provides you with a rescue system from which you can boot and prepare your system. An Online replacement is possible, but it is some more work and a lot more risky if things go bad (the basic idea is to temporarily disable your swap and install a transitional system on it).

Preparing the Hard Disk

Partitioning

Use fdisk to partition your hard disk.

# fdisk /dev/hda

Remember to set the root partition bootable!

For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout.

/dev/hda1 (83  Linux)        - for /, 
/dev/hda2 (82  Linux swap)   - as swap

Creating File Systems

Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.

# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1

And the same for our swap partition.

# mkswap /dev/hda2
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/hda2


The Base System

Mounting Root

# mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu

Getting Debootstrap

Debootstrap is a collection of scripts that we will use in the next step to set up a base system. We need an appropriate version of debootstrap from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/ to make this work.

Make sure that binutils is installed on your system.

On an apt based system we can use dpkg to install it.

# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb

If your current system is rpm based, use alien to install it or find a rpm on the web (http://azhrarn.underhanded.org/debootstrap-0.2.23-1.i386.rpm).

If your system is neither, this might work.

# mkdir /work; cd /work
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# ar -xf debootstrap-udeb_0.3.3.0ubuntu7_i386.udeb
# cd /
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz



Installing the Base System

# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

(arch may be different for you, e.g. md64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)

Basic Configuration

Set the Hostname

Change HOSTNAME to whatever suits your environment.

# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname

fstab

# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab

Put the following in fstab:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/hda1       /               ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/hda2       none            swap    sw              0       0

Networking

Make sure to use your network details instead.


#Network Config:
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.10
network 10.0.0.0
braodcast 10.0.0.255
gateway 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Make sure to use your hostname and domain.

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.0.1   hostname.domain.tld hostname

You need a valid resolv.conf with at least one valid nameserver, e.g.:

nameserver 10.0.0.1


Enter the new environment

Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev

mount -t proc none /mnt/ubuntu/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev
LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash

Change the root password

It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....

# passwd

Create a user and switch shadow password on

# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd

Installing Packages

# apt-get update

Installing OpenSSH Server

# apt-get install openssh-server

Install a Kernel

Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:

# apt-get install linux-image-686


Installing GRUB

The boot loader is most important, so do:

apt-get install grub
mkdir /boot/grub
cp /lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf

# /boot/grub/grub.conf
default 0
timeout 3

title=Ubuntu
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
initrd /initrd.img
ln -s /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst


# grub
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit


Reboot

# exit
# cd /
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/dev
# umount /mnt/ubuntu
# reboot


Finishing

After the reboot ssh in again.

Generate locales

# locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
# echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment

Istall some more packages

apt-get install ubuntu-standard

References