特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Installation/OverSSH:修订间差异

来自Ubuntu中文
跳到导航跳到搜索
Wikibot留言 | 贡献
无编辑摘要
Wikibot留言 | 贡献
无编辑摘要
 
(未显示同一用户的5个中间版本)
第57行: 第57行:
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
(arch may be different for you, e.g. md64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)
(arch may be different for you, e.g. amd64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)
=== Basic Configuration ===
=== Basic Configuration ===
==== Set the Hostname ====
==== Set the Hostname ====
第80行: 第80行:
Make sure to use your network details instead.
Make sure to use your network details instead.
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
#Network Config:
#Network Config:
# The loopback network interface
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.10
        address 10.0.0.10
network 10.0.0.0
        network 10.0.0.0
broadcast 10.0.0.255
        broadcast 10.0.0.255
gateway 10.0.0.1
        gateway 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
        netmask 255.255.255.0
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
Make sure to use your hostname and domain.
Make sure to use your hostname and domain.
第138行: 第140行:
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
第143行: 第146行:
default 0
default 0
timeout 3
timeout 3
title=Ubuntu
title=Ubuntu
root (hd0,0)
  root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
  kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
initrd /initrd.img
  initrd /initrd.img
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
第158行: 第162行:
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit
grub> quit
</nowiki></pre>
==== RAID ====
<pre><nowiki>
apt-get install mdadm
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
==== Reboot ====
==== Reboot ====
第178行: 第186行:
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
==== Istall some more packages ====
==== Install some more packages ====
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
apt-get install ubuntu-standard
apt-get install ubuntu-standard
第186行: 第194行:
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml The Gentoo Handbook] contains a very good (Gentoo specific) [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1 instruction on chrooted installation procedures].
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml The Gentoo Handbook] contains a very good (Gentoo specific) [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1 instruction on chrooted installation procedures].
* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.


[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2010年5月19日 (三) 22:51的最新版本

{{#ifexist: :Installation/OverSSH/zh | | {{#ifexist: Installation/OverSSH/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/OverSSH|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:Installation/OverSSH|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

/!\ This is a work in progress, it is not mature yet and it may break your system!

Caveat

As you may already have guessed following this instruction may break your system and you are on your own to fix it again. apt-get install linux-image-686

Scenario

This instruction describes how to install Ubuntu on a dedicated server over ssh. I assume that your provider provides you with a rescue system from which you can boot and prepare your system. An Online replacement is possible, but it is some more work and a lot more risky if things go bad (the basic idea is to temporarily disable your swap and install a transitional system on it).

Preparing the Hard Disk

Partitioning

Use fdisk to partition your hard disk.

# fdisk /dev/hda

Remember to set the root partition bootable! For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout.

/dev/hda1 (83  Linux)        - for /, 
/dev/hda2 (82  Linux swap)   - as swap

Creating File Systems

Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.

# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1

And the same for our swap partition.

# mkswap /dev/hda2
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/hda2

The Base System

Mounting Root

# mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu

Getting Debootstrap

Debootstrap is a collection of scripts that we will use in the next step to set up a base system. We need an appropriate version of debootstrap from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/ to make this work. Make sure that binutils is installed on your system. On an apt based system we can use dpkg to install it.

# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb

If your current system is rpm based, use alien to install it or find a rpm on the web (http://azhrarn.underhanded.org/debootstrap-0.2.23-1.i386.rpm). If your system is neither, this might work.

# mkdir /work; cd /work
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# ar -xf debootstrap-udeb_0.3.3.0ubuntu7_i386.udeb
# cd /
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz

Installing the Base System

# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

(arch may be different for you, e.g. amd64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)

Basic Configuration

Set the Hostname

Change HOSTNAME to whatever suits your environment.

# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname

fstab

# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab

Put the following in fstab:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/hda1       /               ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/hda2       none            swap    sw              0       0

Networking

Make sure to use your network details instead.


#Network Config:
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.0.10
        network 10.0.0.0
        broadcast 10.0.0.255
        gateway 10.0.0.1
        netmask 255.255.255.0

Make sure to use your hostname and domain.

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.0.1   hostname.domain.tld hostname

You need a valid resolv.conf with at least one valid nameserver, e.g.:

nameserver 10.0.0.1

Enter the new environment

Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev

mount -t proc none /mnt/ubuntu/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev
LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash

Change the root password

It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....

# passwd

Create a user and switch shadow password on

# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd

Installing Packages

# apt-get update

Installing OpenSSH Server

# apt-get install openssh-server

Install a Kernel

Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:

# apt-get install linux-image-686

Installing GRUB

The boot loader is most important, so do:

apt-get install grub
mkdir /boot/grub
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf

# /boot/grub/grub.conf
default 0
timeout 3

title=Ubuntu
  root (hd0,0)
  kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
  initrd /initrd.img
ln -s /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

RAID

apt-get install mdadm

Reboot

# exit
# cd /
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/dev
# umount /mnt/ubuntu
# reboot

Finishing

After the reboot ssh in again.

Generate locales

# locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
# echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment

Install some more packages

apt-get install ubuntu-standard

References