查看“模板:Lucid/AudioVideoConversion”的源代码

= Audio / Video conversion =
[http://maketecheasier.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-manage-your-audiovideo-files-in-linux/2009/03/03 Here] is a nice review of some of the applications that enables conversion and handling of these types of files.

==== FFMPEG video / audio conversion ====
FFMPEG is the swiss-army knife of video and audio format conversion. It succeeds when no other program can. It is free and open source. If it not yet installed on your system as part of another package (it is used by many video/audio editors), then install it:
 sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

*To convert many different formats, read the [http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg-doc.html FFMPEG documentation]. Also see [http://howto-pages.org/ffmpeg/ this tutorial].

Example: To convert a saved Flash video (.flv) to an MPEG-2 format playable on a DVD, convert:
 ffmpeg -i ''samplevideo.flv'' -target ntsc-dvd ''samplevideo.mpg''
Then use [[#K3b (CD/DVD burner)|K3b]] (or [[#Gnomebaker (CD/DVD burner)|Gnomebaker]]) to write the mpg file to a New DVD Data Project.
:*For PAL use -target pal-dvd. For widescreen, use -target film-dvd. For other conversion tips, see [http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1006250.html this forum]. (Note: Most Flash video has very low resolution, with a screen size of 360x270, for example. You may see a slight diminishment in resolution if you wish to convert it to 720x480 (which is the NTSC standard size) or other screen size. You can keep the original screen size and resolution by omitting the -target parameter.) If your original file is 16:9 widescreen and you desire a 4:3 letterbox output for playing on an overscanned TV, you may need to pad the file so that the widescreen is not compressed (see [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1010648 this forum]):
 ffmpeg -i ''samplevideo.flv'' -target ntsc-dvd -s 648x364 -padleft 36 -padright 36 -padtop 58 -padbottom 58 ''samplevideo.mpg''

*You can also use the WinFF GUI and add the command (as above) as a "Preset," for subsequent use. For example:
:Video converter (WinFF) ->  Edit -> Presets ->
:: Preset Name: Letterbox -> Preset Label: 16:9 Widescreen to 4:3 Letterbox
:: Preset command: -target ntsc-dvd -s 648x364 -padleft 36 -padright 36 -padtop 58 -padbottom 58
::Ouput file extension: mpg -> Category: DVD
:::-> Add/Update -> Save

*To convert to MPEG-4 (mp4) files, use
 ffmpeg -i ''samplevideo.flv'' ''outputvideo.mp4''

*FFMpeg requires that multiple [[#Restricted Extras|restricted extra codecs]] be installed. This can be done in a single easy step from the command-line Terminal:
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

===== FFMPEG GUI =====
[http://winff.org WinFF] is a free, GPL-licensed open source GUI frontend for FFMPEG. Install:
 sudo apt-get install winff xterm
:Run:
:Applications -> Multimedia -> Video converter (WinFF)

===== Join video segments =====
Individual video segments (MPEG-2, for example) can easily be joined:
 cat ''samplevideo1.mpg'' ''samplevideo2.mpg'' ''samplevideo3.mpg'' > ''samplevideo123.mpg''

:You can then write the resulting MPEG-2 file to a DVD and play it in most DVD players.
====== Split a file into segments ======
Any file can be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_%28Unix%29 split] into segments using the Linux command:
 split -b 1440k ''my_big_file''

which will split ''my_big_file'' into equal segments of size 1440 kb.

==== Save any streaming Flash video ====
An easy way is to install the [[#Video Download Helper plug-in for Firefox|Video Download Helper plug-in for Firefox]].

Otherwise, most Flash videos download to the /tmp directory while you watch the video, creating a randomly-named video file there (such as Flashuh4G6s). When you close the webpage, this file in the /tmp directory will be erased. After the entire video has downloaded, but before you close the webpage, copy that file (such as Flashuh4G6s) to your home directory (where it will not be erased). Of course, for this to work, you must change your Flash (or Gnash) settings to allow an unlimited buffer. While watching your Flash video, ''right click'' to bring up the Flash -> Settings window. Set the Buffer to "Unlimited."

Once you have copied the file, rename it appropriately with the .flv added to the filename. You can then watch it using VLC or Mplayer.

[http://ihatehate.wordpress.com/2009/03/30/how-to-download-save-streaming-video-from-the-internet-using-linux/ Here] is another method that involves making a symbolic link.

===== Save rtmp / flv streams =====
[http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/flvstreamer flvstreamer] is a command-line application to dump rtmp streams. Install:
 sudo apt-get install flvstreamer

[http://www.uluga.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1390764 Example] of usage:
 flvstreamer -r "rtmp://host/dir/file.flv" -o filename.flv

If you see the following the "WARNING: Download may be incomplete, try --resume!" message, try to use the --resume option:
 flvstreamer -r "rtmp://host/dir/file.flv" -o filename.flv --resume

==== Convert Flash video audio to mp3 ====
Once you have downloaded flash video content (.flv) from the Internet (using the [[#Video Download Helper plug-in for Firefox|Video Download Helper plug-in for Firefox]], for example), the audio component can be converted to an mp3 using this command (from the command line Terminal). (This will work for any type of video file, not just Flash.)
 ffmpeg -i ''nameofvideoclip.flv'' -ab 160k -ac 2 -ar 44100 -vn ''nameoffile.mp3''

where -i indicates the input, -ab indicates the bit rate (in this example 160kb/sec), -vn means no video ouput, -ac 2 means 2 channels, -ar 44100 indicates the sampling frequency. See [http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg-doc.html#SEC11 FFMPEG docs] for more info.

==== 2ManDVD ====
[http://2mandvd.tuxfamily.org/ 2ManDVD] is a GUI utility for creating DVD videos. It is the successor of ManDVD. Choose the version for your architecture and install it from [http://www.getdeb.net/app/2ManDVD the 2ManDVD website]. Click on the download link and select to open it with the GDebi Package Installer (default). (If you have previously installed ManDVD you must uninstall it first.) For a usage tutorial, read this [http://www.my-guides.net/en/content/view/170/26/ 2ManDVD guide].

Run
:Applications -> Sound & Video -> 2ManDVD

==== DeVeDe ====
[http://www.rastersoft.com/programas/devede.html DeVeDe] is a program to create video DVDs and CDs suitable for home players (i.e. VCD, sVCD or CVD) from any source video file that is supported by MPlayer. Choose the version for your architecture and install it from [http://www.getdeb.net/app/DeVeDe the DeVeDe website]. Click on the download link and select to open it with the GDebi Package Installer (default). For a usage tutorial, read this [http://www.my-guides.net/en/content/view/75/26/ DeVeDe guide].

Run
:Applications -> Sound & Video -> DeVeDe

==== ManDVD ====
[http://www.kde-apps.org/content/show.php/ManDVD?content=83906 ManDVD] is a QT-based DVD authoring tool which accepts several different file types as input. Install:
 sudo apt-get install mandvd xine-ui

==== DVD Author ====
[http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/ DVD author] allows you to create menus and format your MPEG-2 videos onto a DVD disc so that you can play it in a commercial DVD player. DVD Author is a command line tool, but several GUI's exist. Install:
 sudo apt-get install dvdauthor

===== QDVDAuthor =====
[http://qdvdauthor.sourceforge.net/ QDVDAuthor] is a Qt-based GUI for DVD Author. Install:
 sudo apt-get install qdvdauthor

Run:
:Applications -> Multimedia -> QDVDAuthor

Follow instructions in the Quick-Start Guide:
:QDVDAuthor -> Help -> Quick-Start Guide 

For a tutorial on authoring DVDs, see [http://womble.decadent.org.uk/talks/dvd-ukuug06/dvd-talk-ukuug06-paper.html this guide].

==== Ripper X CD Ripper/Encoder ====
[http://sourceforge.net/projects/ripperx/ Ripper X] is a GTK-based (i.e. Gnome) open source utility to rip CD audio tracks to OGG, MP3, or FLAC formats. It supports CDDB lookups.
 sudo apt-get install ripperx

==== Asunder CD Ripper/Encoder ====
[http://littlesvr.ca/asunder/ Asunder] is a GTK-based open source CD ripper/encoder which saves to Wav, MP3, OGG, FLAC, or WavPack. Self-installing .deb packages are available [http://www.getdeb.net/app.php?name=Asunder here].

==== Audex CD Ripper/Encoder ====
[http://www.kde-apps.org/content/show.php/Audex?content=77125 Audex] is a port to KDE4 of the KAudioCreator package used in KDE 3. It can create output for LAME (MP3-compliant), OGG Vorbis (oggenc), FLAC and RIFF WAVE. It must be installed from source, currently (see the website).

==== Gnac (GNome Audio Converter) ====
[http://gnac.sourceforge.net/ Gnac (GNome Audio Converter)] converts between all GStreamer supported audio formats. It is not yet part of the standard repositories. See [http://launchpad.net/~gnac-team/+archive/ppa these installation instructions].

==== SOX (encodes/decodes audio) ====
[http://sox.sourceforge.net/ SoX] is a somewhat confusing command-line utility to convert audio formats. See [http://sox.sourceforge.net/sox.html this usage guide]. Install:
 sudo apt-get install sox

Run:
 sox