查看“Syslog/zh”的源代码

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{{From|http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ap04_:_syslog_Configuration_and_Cisco_Devices}}

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{{Languages|Quick_HOWTO_:_Ap04_:_syslog_Configuration_and_Cisco_Devices}}


== 简介 ==

系统日志将设备local0~7保留用做从远程服务器和网络设施接收登录信息。路由器、交换机、防火墙和负载平衡设备每个都使用不同的设备来记录日志，它们每个都有自己的日志文件，这样可以便于排除故障。下面的例子将会教您怎样为每种设备设置不同的日志记录文件。

如果您有一个大的数据中心，可能您会按上述建议停止将所有记录写入/var/log/messages。在下面的所有网络设备配置文件例子中，我们会登录到上一章节已设置好的远程linux登录服务器192.168.1.100。

== Cisco 路由器 ==

默认设置下，思科路由器使用默认设备local7将日志信息发送到它们的日志服务器。在此例子中不要设置此默认设备，记得设置路由器，使日志内容包含时间戳和loopback接口的源IP地址

 service timestamps log datetime localtime
 no logging console
 no logging monitor
 logging 192.168.1.100

==运行CATOS的Catalyst CAT系列交换机==

默认设置下，思科交换机也会通过设备local7将日志信息发送给它们的日志服务器。请不要改变该设置，这样路由器和交换机都会将日志写入同一文件
 set logging server enable
 set logging server 192.168.1.100
 set logging level all 5
 set logging server severity 6

==Cisco本地导向器 ==

本地导向器利用syslog输出命令来设置它们的日志记录设备和严重度。设置值应按格式FF.SS（设施.严重度），使用表IV-1中的数字定义：
===Table IV-1 本地导向器的日志记录设备和严重度的数字定义===

<div align=center>

<table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
  <tr style='page-break-inside:avoid'>
   <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;background:green;
   padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>Facility</span></b></p>
   </td>
   <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
   border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
   background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>FF Value</span></b></p>
   </td>
   <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
   padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal><b>&nbsp;</b></p>
   </td>
   <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
   background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>Severity</span></b></p>
   </td>

   <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
   border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
   background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>SS Value</span></b></p>
   </td>
  </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local 0</b></p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>16</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal>System unusable</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>0</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>1</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>17</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Immediate action required</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>1</p>
  </td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>2</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>18</p>
  </td>

  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Critical condition</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>2</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>3</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>19</p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Error conditions</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>3</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>4</b></p>
  </td>

  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>20</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Warning conditions</p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>4</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>5</b></p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>21</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal>Normal but significant conditions</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>5</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>6</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>22</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>

  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Informational messages</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>6</p>
  </td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>7</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>23</p>
  </td>

  <td valign=top style='border:none;border-right:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>&nbsp;</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal>Debugging messages</p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>7</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

这个例子使用设备local4和表IV-1中的日志调试信息。
 syslog output 20.7
 no syslog console
 syslog host 192.168.1.100

==Cisco PIX 防火墙 ==

PIX防火墙使用表IV.2的数字定义来决定它们的日志记录设备。
===Table IV-2 PIX防火墙的日志记录设备和严重度的数字定义===

<div align=center>

<table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
  <tr style='page-break-inside:avoid'>
   <td valign=top style='border:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
   background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>Facility</span></b></p>
   </td>

   <td valign=top style='border-top:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-left:none;
   border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
   background:green;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>Logging Facility</span></b></p>
   <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span
   style='color:white'>Command Value</span></b></p>
   </td>
  </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local 0</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>16</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>

  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>1</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>17</p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>

  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>2</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>18</p>
  </td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>3</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>19</p>
  </td>

 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>4</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>20</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>5</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>21</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>6</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>22</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;
  padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b>local </b><b>7</b></p>
  </td>
  <td valign=top style='border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:inset #111111 1.0pt;
  border-right:solid #111111 1.0pt;padding:7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>23</p>

  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

</div>

此配置案例中，假设日志服务器连接到“inside”保护接口。它将日志信息发送到local3,严重度为5（通知），这个严重度由logging trap命令设置
 
 logging on
 logging standby
 logging timestamp
 logging trap notifications
 logging facility 19
 logging host inside 192.168.1.100

==Cisco CSS11000 (Arrowpoints)==

配置思科CSS11000系列负载均衡器的方法更直接。
您只需要用logging host命令指定一数字来代表日志设备，然后用logging subsystem命令来设置严重度。此例子中CSS11000的日志设备为local6,严重度为6（信息）
 logging host 192.168.1.100 facility 6
 set logging subsystem all info-6
 logging commands enable

==思科syslog.conf文件示例 ==

 #
 # All LOCAL3 messages (debug and above) go to the firewall file ciscofw
 #
 local3.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscofw
 
 #
 # All LOCAL4 messages  (debug and above) go to the Local Director file ciscold
 #
 local4.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscold
 
 #
 # All LOCAL6 messages  (debug and above) go to the CSS file ciscocss
 #
 local6.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscocss
 
 #
 # All LOCAL7 messages  (debug and above) go to the ciscoacl
 # This includes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
 #
 local7.debug /var/log/cisco/ciscoacl
 
 #
 # LOCAL7 messages  (notice and above) go to the ciscoinfo
 # This excludes ACL logs which are logged at severity debug
 #
 local7.notice /var/log/cisco/ciscoinfo