查看“Ubuntu:Gutsy/zh”的源代码

{{Translation}} {{From|http://ubuntuguide.org/Ubuntu:Gutsy}} {{Languages|Ubuntu:Gutsy}} {{Translator|zhan 译者2}}

= ''''' Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) ''''' =

'''Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon, the successor of Feisty Fawn was released on Oct 18th, 2007. Please help test and perfect this guide.'''
'''Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon, Feisty Fawn 的后续版本，于 2007 年 10 月 18 日已经发布。请帮忙测试和完善这份指南'''

This guide was started by [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). 
It is now being maintained by the [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?newlang=english Linux Center] of [http://www.lu.lv/eng/ University of Latvia], and everyone else who is willing to contribute.

这份指南由 [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). 发起。现在它由[http://www.lu.lv/eng/ Latvia 大学]的[http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?newlang=english Linux 中心]和所有愿意贡献的其他人们共同维护。

This guide can be discussed at the official [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org Forum] at ubuntuforums.org.  Stop by and join the discussion.  

这份手册可以在官方论坛 ubuntuforums.org 的[http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org 论坛]
讨论。加入讨论吧。

== ''''' 前言 ''''' ==

=== 关于 Gutsy  ===

* On October 18, 2007 Ubuntu 7.10 was released.
* It was code named Gutsy Gibbon and is the successor to Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn (Feisty+1 or the very next release after Feisty)
* Gutsy will be supported for 18 months on both desktops and servers.
* Users requiring a longer support lifetime on servers may choose to continue using Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, with security support until 2011, rather than upgrade to or install 7.10.

* 2007 年 10 月 18 日，Ubuntu 7.10 发布。
* 它被命名为 Gutsy Gibbon，它是 Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn 的后续版本(Feisty +1 或紧接 Feisty 之后发布的版本)
* Gutsy 将在桌面和服务器版本上提供 18 个月的支持
* 要求更长期服务器版本支持的用户可以选择 Ubuntu 6.06 LTS ，而不是更新到 7.10, 因为 6.06 的安全支持直到 2011 年。

=== 如何找出您正在使用的 Ubuntu 版本 ===

* Read [[#General Notes]]
*In Gutsy goto System -> Administration -> System Monitor -> System Tab

or on all versions and derivatives of Ubuntu use this command:

 lsb_release -a

* 读一下  [[#General Notes]]
* 在 Gutsy 中，到系统->管理->系统监视器->系统标示 查看
或者在所有的 Ubuntu 版本和衍生版本中，使用这个命令：
 
 lsb_release -a

=== Ubuntu 的更新的版本 ===

* Ubuntu uses a six month release cycle
* These releases occur in April and October
* The next release is scheduled for April 24, 2008 and will be Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) which is Gutsy+1.
* Hardy Heron will be a LTS (Long Term Support) release and will be supported with security updates for five years on the server and three years on the desktop.

* Ubuntu 采用 6 个月的发行周期
* 一般发布在 4 月和 10 月
* 下一次的发布计划在 2008 年 4 月 24  日，并命名为 Ubuntu 8.04(Hardy Heron)即 Gutsy+1。
* Hardy Heron 将是 LTS(长期支持)版本，将提供 5 年的服务器版本安全支持和 3 年的桌面版本支持。
 
=== Ubuntu 的老版本 ===

* '''[[Ubuntu:Feisty | 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)]]'''

* '''[[Ubuntu:Edgy | 6.10 (Edgy Eft)]]'''

* '''[[Ubuntu_dapper | 6.06 (Dapper Drake)]]'''

If you are using an outdated version of Ubuntu, you should consider updating it to Gutsy. There have been considerable improvements to this version, and the updater used in Gutsy will ease transitions to future versions. If you are in a production environment, or if everything works perfectly for you, you may wish to stay with a Long-Term Support (LTS) version.

如果您试用一个 Ubuntu 的过时的版本，您应该考虑将其升级到 Gutsy。 这个版本有相当多的改进，并且和将来的版本更加容易整合。如果您使用其作为一个生产环境，或您认为所有的事情都很完美，您可以考虑仍然使用长期支持版本(LTS)。

*[http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/upgrading Ubuntu 升级页面]

* Dapper is latest LTS and the next version Gutsy+1 will be the next LTS released.

*Read [https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2007-April/000276.html Introduction to Gutsy Gibbon] from April 2007

* Dapper 是最新的 LTS 版本，Gutsy+1 的新版本将是下一个 LTS 版本。

* 读一下从 2007 年 4 月开始的[https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2007-April/000276.html Gutsy Gibbon  简介] 

=== General Notes ===

#This is an Unofficial Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) Starter Guide. It is neither associated with Ubuntu nor with Canonical Ltd.
#This guide can be discussed at the official [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=78 UbuntuGuide.org Forum] at ubuntuforums.org.  Stop by and join the discussion.  
#If you see a bluish box, this means you have to execute the commands in Terminal mode (Applications -> Accesories -> Terminal) or use the content of that box as mentioned in some other instructions.
#To reduce typo mistakes, copy and paste the commands into Terminal mode (right click on the commands -> "Copy" or "Paste". You can also use Ctrl+C to copy and Shift+Insert to paste it)
#"sudo" means "'''s'''ubstitute '''u'''ser '''do'''". Sudo will prompt for your "Password:". Please specify your user password. You could for example substitute for another user on your system&mdash;eg sudo -u peter <command> would run a command as user peter on your system.
#If you want more information about any command, simply look at the manual page for it using the "man" command. For example, "man sudo" will display the manual page for the "sudo" command.
#If you are tired of typing "apt-get" all the time, use the synaptic package manager, a front end to apt-get.
#"apt-get" and "wget" require an internet connection to install/update/download programs
#All references to "aptitude" will be replaced with "apt-get". You may still use "aptitude" if you wish, however this could cause dependency issues.
#To download a file, right click on the link -> Select "Save Link As..." -> Make sure file name and extension are correct
#If you wish to help translating Ubuntu to your native language or to help Ubuntu otherwise visit https://launchpad.net/
#May the "humanity to others" spirit be with you always...

:''If you are using 64-bit version replace any "i386" with "amd64"''

=== External Link Declaration ===

Some articles in this guide include external links. This has the advantage of keeping this guide shorter while providing quality howto's, instructions, screenshots, videos, guides, etc. However, Ubuntuguide.org cannot do a quality check on each link. Sometimes the links will go "dead" or provide misinformation or change their content. Be aware that once you leave Ubuntuguide.org, that we cannot be held responsible for any information at those links. If you find a dead link or misinformation at one of the links please post the link here and the section of the guide it is found in.  Or if you have time and want to be a really good person, fix the link for us by editing the guide.
Thank you!!!
==== Report a Dead or Misinformative Link ====
'' If you find a "Dead Link" or a "Misinformative Link" please post it here along with the section you found it in. Thank you!''

=== About Ubuntu and Official Ubuntu Derivatives === 

==== Ubuntu 7.10 Guides and Links ====

*[http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Official Website]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu Offical About Ubuntu Page]
*[http://ubuntuforums.org/ Official Ubuntu Forums]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux_distribution) Wikipedia: Ubuntu (Linux Distribution)]
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ Ubuntu Geek includes Tips,Howtos,Tutorials and Articles about Ubuntu Linux]
*[http://www.ubuntutips.net/ Ubuntu Tips]


===== Ubuntu Screenshots =====

[http://www.debianadmin.com/ubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon-screenshots-tour.html Ubuntu 7.10 Screenshots Gallery]

==== Kubuntu 7.10 Guides and Links ====

*[http://www.kubuntu.org/ Kubuntu Official Website]
*[http://www.kubuntuguide.org/ Kubuntuguide.org]
*[http://www.kubuntu.org/docs/about-kubuntu/C/index.html Official About Kubuntu Page]
*[http://kubuntuforums.net/forums/index.php Official Kubuntu Forums]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubuntu Wikipedia: Kubuntu]

===== Kubuntu Screenshots =====

[http://www.debianadmin.com/kubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon-screenshots-tour.html Kubuntu 7.10 Screenshots Gallery]

==== Xubuntu 7.10 Guides and Links ====

*[http://www.xubuntu.org/ Xubuntu Official Website]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xubuntu Wikipedia: Xubuntu]
*[http://www.xubuntuguide.org Xubuntuguide.org]

===== Xubuntu Screenshots =====

[http://www.debianadmin.com/xubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon-screenshots-tour.html Xubuntu 7.10 Screenshots Gallery]

==== Edubuntu 7.10 Guides and Links ====

[http://www.edubuntu.org/ Offical Edubuntu Website]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edubuntu Wikipedia: Edubuntu]

==== Gobuntu 7.10 Guides and Links ====

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobuntu Wikipedia: Gobuntu]

=== Translation and localization ===
Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese and most European languages have better support in Ubuntu than any other languages. If your language do not have enough support, then you can help Ubuntu by translating it in your preferred language. To translate, visit https://translations.launchpad.net/ubuntu and login (register if not already registered). Choose your preferred language and start translating.

== ''''' Updates and Upgrades and Installing Software''''' ==

=== How to add extra repositories ===
''Work in Progress''

==== Menu Method ====
*Choose distribution-friendly repositories. These are part of the Ubuntu distribution system. This is the recommended method.
  
 System-->Administration-->Software Sources

Check the repositories you think you will need (main, universe, restricted, multiverse).  You probably won't need the 'sources' repository.

*Add any third-party repositories. Such repositories are not monitored in any way. Some are quite popular, however. Use any third-party repository at your own risk. 

 System-->Administration-->Software Sources-->Third-party software-->Add

Add the name of your repository. In this example, we will use Medibuntu, a popular third-party repository not affiliated with Ubuntu in any way.

 <i>APT line:</i> deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free

*Download any needed gpg keys and add them to the keylist. This key verifies the repository to your system. The Medibuntu repository (not affiliated with Ubuntu) example is shown:
 wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

==== Manual Method ====

* Create a backup of your current list of sources. 
 sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

* Open the list of sources in a text editor 
 
Ubuntu users: 
 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

* Replace everything with the following lines 

:To use your local mirror you can add "''cc.''" before ''archive.ubuntu.com'' (cc = your country code) 
:e.g. ''<nowiki>deb http://lv.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse</nowiki>''

 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
 
 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
 ## distribution.
 
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
 
 ##Universe
 
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
 
 ## Multiverse
 
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
 
 ## Backports
 
 deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
 ## Canonical Partner Repository 
 
 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
 deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
 
 ## PLF REPOSITORY (Unsupported.  May contain illegal packages.  Use at own risk.)
 deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free

* Save the edited file 

 wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update

=== How to Upgrade from Feisty to Gutsy ===
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/upgrade-ubuntu-704-feisty-fawn-to-ubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon.html Upgrade Ubuntu Feisty to Gutsy Step By Step Guide Including Screenshots]

=== How to edit Automatic Updates ===

*Enable automatic updates from the menu:

 System-->Administration-->Software Sources-->Updates

Select Important Security Updates and Recommended Security Updates and any other desired updates.
Choose frequency of updates.

===  How to manually update Ubuntu ===

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

*From the command line:
use http://www.ubuntu-nl.org/source-o-matic/ page to generate the /etc/apt/sources.list file

take a backup of your existing /etc/apt/sources.list file

create a new /etc/apt/sources.list file from the generated page available on the browser

now run the following commands

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

*From the menu:

 System -> Administration -> Update Manager

== ''''' Add-on Applications ''''' ==

=== Miscellaneous Applications ===
'' The application in this section need a home. If Editors have the time, please place these apps in an appropriate category.  If the category doesn't exist then make it. Destroy this message when complete. Thanks. --[[User:KrazyPenguin|KrazyPenguin]] 06:16, 27 October 2007 (EEST)''

==== Hotwire - Graphical terminal for Ubuntu ====
If you want graphical terminal for Ubuntu check this Very Useful
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/hotwire-graphical-terminal-for-ubuntu.html Hotwire Installation Guide]
==== How to install Epiphany web browser in Ubuntu ====
If you want to How to install Epiphany web browser in Ubuntu follow this procedure
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-epiphany-web-browser-in-ubuntu.html Epiphany web browser in Ubuntu]
==== Midori - a lightweight web browser in Ubuntu ====
If you want to How to install Midori web browser in Ubuntu follow this procedure
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/midori-a-lightweight-web-browser.html Midori web browser in Ubuntu]

==== apturl - protocol handler in Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon ====
If you want to install ubuntu package from web browser here is simple tool
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/apturl-protocol-handler-in-ubuntu-gutsy-gibbon.html apturl Setup guide]
==== sysvconfig - utility for configuring init script links ====
sysvconfig - utility for configuring init script links,service command in ubuntu
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/sysvconfig-utility-for-configuring-init-script-links.html sysvconfig - utility for configuring init script links]
==== Howto Install qBittorrent in Ubuntu Gutsy ====
sysvconfig - utility for configuring init script links,service command in ubuntu
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-qbittorrent-in-ubuntu-gutsy.html Howto Install qBittorrent in Ubuntu Gutsy]

==== Enable Drag and Drop capabilities to aMSN ====
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-enable-drag-and-drop-capabilities-to-amsn.html Enable Drag and Drop capabilities to aMSN ]

==== Mount/Unmount .iso Images in oneclick ====
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/easy-way-of-mountunmount-iso-images-in-ubuntu.html Mount/Unmount .iso Images in oneclick in Ubuntu]
==== Startup Manager ====
StartUp Manager - change settings in Grub, Grub2 and Usplash
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/startup-manager-change-settings-in-grub-grub2-and-usplash.html change settings in Grub, Grub2 and Usplash]

==== Adobe Reader Gutsy amd64/i386 ====

*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-adobe-pdf-reader-811-with-plug-in-for-mozilla-firefox-in-gutsy-gibbon.html Acrobat Reader 8 with firefox plugins step by step installation guide]
First
 echo "deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

Second
 wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

Third we add plug ins and Reader
 sudo aptitude install acroread acroread-plugins acroread-escript

You can also install the plug-in for Firefox
 sudo aptitude install mozilla-acroread

Enjoy Adobe Reader

==== OpenOffice add ons ====
Opening .docx files in OpenOffice for Ubuntu (This will work with other distros)

First we need to download the converter, it can be found here> [http://download.novell.com/SummaryFree.jsp?buildid=ESrjfdE4U58%7E]
Download the "odf-converter-1.0.0-5.i586.rpm"

Now install alien, if you have not yet

  sudo apt-get install alien

Then we need to convert it, we do not want a .deb package for this, so we use the -ct switch not the -k
The -ct converts it to a .tgz

  sudo alien -ct odf-converter-1.0.0-5.i586.rpm

Once it is converted you need to unpack it

  tar xvf odf-converter-1.0.0.tgz

Now there should be three dirs on you desktop or where ever you un tared these.

You now need to run

  sudo cp usr/lib/ooo-2.0/program/OdfConverter /usr/lib/openoffice/program/

  sudo cp usr/lib/ooo-2.0/share/registry/modules/org/openoffice/TypeDetection/Filter/MOOXFilter_cpp.xcu    /usr/lib/openoffice/share/registry/modules/org/openoffice/TypeDetection/Filter

  sudo cp usr/lib/ooo-2.0/share/registry/modules/org/openoffice/TypeDetection/Types/MOOXTypeDetection.xcu /usr/lib/openoffice/share/registry/modules/org/openoffice/TypeDetection/Types

Then you are done, you can now open and edit .docx files '''ONLY''' I will post the others when I find them.

There is an alternative to installing the "odf converter" on Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy). The 3 simple steps are as follows:

(make sure you are logged in as root first, so from the terminal, type '''sudo su -''' and type in your password when prompted) 

Step 1: echo "deb http://ubuntu.org.ua/ getdeb/" >>/etc/apt/sources.list

Step 2: apt-get update

Step 3: apt-get install odf-converter

I did the 3 steps above and got it working on my machine. Please do let me know if anyone is having any problems with it.

====Genealogical Research and Analysis Management Program (Gramps)====
GRAMPS, the Genealogical Research and Analysis Management Programming System, is an Open Source genealogy program written in Python, using the GTK/GNOME interface. GRAMPS has the ability to import GEDCOM files that are used in such programs as FamilyTree Maker for Windows and can produce reports in various formats such as the popular ABIWord and OpenOffice.org formats as well as HTML and PDF.
 sudo apt-get install gramps

=== Desktop ===

==== Howto Tweak Ubuntu System ====
If you want to tweak ubuntu check this
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-tweak-ubuntu.html Howto Tweak Ubuntu System]
==== AMOR - a creature for your desktop ====
If you want to add some fun to your ubuntu desktop this is for you
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/amor-a-creature-for-your-desktop.html AMOR - a creature for your desktop]

==== Advanced Desktop Effects (Compiz Fusion) ====

Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon comes shipped with Compiz Fusion pre-installed, which means less tinkering with sensitive configuration files. For most part, Compiz needs proprietary drivers for your graphics card to work properly, so make sure you install those if needed.

To enable desktop effects, turn them on by navigating your GNOME-menu to '''System > Preferences > Appearance'''. Under the tab ''Visual Effects'' you'll find three settings; ''None'', ''Normal'' and ''Extra''. To turn Compiz on, choose one of the two latter.

If you wish to customize your Compiz options and plugins, such as animations and Desktop Cube, first install the configuration tool:
  sudo apt-get install [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/x11/compizconfig-settings-manager compizconfig-settings-manager]

Then either choose the now available '''''Custom''''' and '''''Preferences''''' from the above ''Visual Effects'' menu, or start the settings manager via the menu '''System > Preferences > Advanced Desktop Effects Settings'''. You can also start the application from the terminal or run dialog ('''ALT + F2'''), using the command '''ccsm'''.

==== ATI users and Compiz ====
Some ATI cards don't need their proprietary drivers to work with Compiz as the open-sourced driver ('''radeon''') also has support for 3D acceleration. However, the open-sourced driver isn't as fast as the closed-sourced ('''fglrx''') one, so if you need the proprietary one you'll have to tinker around in the terminal a little.


1. After you've installed the driver, either through the proprietary manager or directly from [http://ati.amd.com/support/driver.html ATI's site], you'll have to setup the Xorg configuration file to work with your new driver. Always remember to back up the original file before altering, in case something goes wrong. Open up a terminal and enter:
   sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
   sudo aticonfig --initial --input=/etc/X11/xorg.conf
This will disable the default '''radeon''' driver and replace it with ATI's own.


2. Now, let's tell Compiz not to care about drivers that are blacklisted:
   echo SKIP_CHECKS="yes" >> $HOME/.config/compiz/compiz-manager
Alternatively, you could whitelist the driver, which is a much prettier solution. Run this command to edit the Compiz startup-script:
  gksudo gedit /usr/bin/compiz
Search for '''Driver whitelist''' and add '''''fglrx''''' to the end of the line, like this:

  # Driver whitelist
  WHITELIST="nvidia intel ati radeon i810 fglrx"


3. Reboot your computer, login and enable Compiz as mentioned above '''et voilà'''! Behold Compiz and ATI hugging.

==== Live system monitoring ====
 sudo apt-get install netspeed
Right click on the free area of the upper panel and select "Add to Panel...". Add "System Monitor" and "Network Monitor". Right Click on System Monitor and select Preferences. Add the monitor resources that you want to monitor.

==== Desktop session recording ====
It is possible to record the whole desktop session along with mouse pointer and sound system. It is a very useful tool for video screenshot as ordinary still picture screenshots generated by pressing Print Screen cannot demonstrate everything. 
Three applications that can do this for you are Istanbul, Wink and gtk-recordMyDesktop.
====== Istanbul ======
 sudo apt-get install istanbul
====== Wink ======
 sudo apt-get install wink
====== gtk-recordMyDesktop ======
 sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop

==== International Clock Gnome Applet (OpenSuse contribution) ====

To switch to the new international clock applet download it from [http://brainstormingproject.free.fr/intlclock_1.0-1ubuntu0_i386.deb Here] <!-- Old link bad, changed it to deb file thread on Ubuntu forums. Phyrewall 28OCT07, I change again to a direct download link, it makes the things easier , if you want to change it, do it with a direct link please, issuemanager -->
then install it with dpkg. <!-- No need to restart Gnome for applet to work. Phyrewall 28OCT07 -->

Remove the old clock gnome applet right-clicking on it and then add a new applet to the panel with a right-click too over the empty place:
 >Add to panel...>Miscellaneous>International Clock>Add

You got it.

Add World Map and choose World locations using its Preferences menu

=== Backup ===

Ubuntu Backup Options
If you want to backup your Ubuntu Desktop Use Sbackup
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/backup-and-restore-your-ubuntu-system-using-sbackup.html Sbackup Installation and setup guide]
rdiff-backup
Use rdiff-backup ubuntu
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/backup-ubuntu-using-rdiff-backup.html rdiff-backup Setp Tutorial]
=== Games ===
==== Frozen Bubble ====
To install Frozen Bubble simply run:
 sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System > Administration menu, to locate and install the  package.

==== How to solve Sudoku ====
There is a simple [http://tamal.nath.googlepages.com/sudoku.pl Perl script] for solving gnome-sudoku. It does not support trial-and-error.

==== Super Nintendo Emulator (ZSNES) 1.510 for i386/AMD64 ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
''For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=588744''

''ZSNES 1.51 is included in the Official Gutsy i386 repos. However, there is no official AMD64 version, and the i386 version is known to have issues in Gutsy (see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=571666). There is a workaround available for i386 users who are experiencing this error (see http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=3604026&postcount=22).''

*Add a 3rd Party Repository
 echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
 wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update

*Install using one of the lines below
 sudo apt-get install zsnes32 #for amd64 users
 sudo apt-get install zsnes   #for everyone else

*Applications > Games > zsnes or zsnes32

==== Playstation Emulator (pSX) 1.13 for i386/AMD64 ====
*Read [[#General Notes]]
''For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394097''

*Add a 3rd Party Repository
 echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
 wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
 sudo apt-get update

*Install using one of the lines below
 sudo apt-get install psx32 #for amd64 users
 sudo apt-get install psx   #for everyone else

*Applications > Games > pSX or pSX32

==== KDE games ====
To install the games from KDE 3 (recommended for Kubuntu users), install the package kdegames.
This can be done with:
 sudo apt-get install kdegames

==== UrbanTerror 4.0 ====
* UrbanTerror 4.0 is a Multi-player First Person Shooter.  The Game uses the open source quake 3 engine and features many real weapons and free to use servers for multi-player functionality.
'' More information can be found at [http://www.urbanterror.net UrbanTerror]''
* You can manually download and install UrbanTerror from the following webpage [http://www.urbanterror.net/page.php?6 UrbanTerror_Download]
* Or you can enjoy an automated install by downloading and executing the linux install script from either of the following links: [http://89.106.68.26/linux/urbanterror4/urt40-linux-installer.sh urt40-linux-installer.sh_1] or [http://vlaai.snt.utwente.nl/pub/games/urbanterror/urt40-linux-installer.sh urt40-linux-installer.sh_2]

* After downloading the script open Terminal into your download directory then make the script executable with the following command:
 sudo chmod +x urt40-linux-installer.sh
* Now double click on the script to execute and follow the directions
* The install will take awhile as the script executes a download of the necessary files which are about 541MB
* After the install you will have a nice UrbanTerror icon on your desktop (unless you installed as root)
'' This easy install script is courtesy of Nexu from the UrbanTerror Forums.''

===  CD/DVD ===
==== How to rip a DVD video ====
dvd::rip is a full featured DVD copy program written in Perl. It provides an easy to use but feature-rich Gtk+ GUI to control almost all aspects of the ripping and transcoding process. It uses the widely known video processing swissknife transcode and many other Open Source tools.
 sudo apt-get install dvdrip

==== How to burn video DVD ====
dvdauthor is a program that will generate a DVD movie from a valid mpeg2 stream that should play when you put it in a DVD player.
 sudo apt-get install dvdauthor

==== How to burn a CD/DVD ====
nautilus-cd-burner is a basic and pre-installed program to write a CD or DVD. Serpentine is a pre-installed audio CD creator program.  Serpentine can convert flac and mp3 on the fly, when making audio cds.
[http://www.nero.com/ena/linux3.html nerolinux] is a non-free CD/DVD/Blu-Ray/HD-DVD recorder. k3b is a great CD/DVD writing tool for KDE (ideal for Kubuntu users). But if you are looking for GTK/Gnome alternatives, then [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/gnome/brasero brasero], [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/otherosfs/gcdw cdw/gcdw], [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/sound/gcdmaster gcdmaster], [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/gnome/graveman graveman] and [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/gnome/gnomebaker gnomebaker] might impress you.

[http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/otherosfs/dvdisaster dvdisaster] provides a margin of safety against data loss on CD and DVD media caused by scratches or aging media. It creates error correction data which is used to recover unreadable sectors if the disc becomes damaged at a later time.

===  Internet ===

==== Browser Plug-ins ====
Ubuntu automatically installs plug-ins required to browse a site in Firefox. But if you want to install plug-ins run the following in Terminal:

For Java plug-in:
 sudo apt-get install sun-java6-plugin
For Flash plug-in:
 sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
Or if you want to support the open source flash plugin:
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-gnash
For VLC plug-in (automatically installs VLC also):
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-vlc
For MPlayer plug-in (automatically installs MPlayer also):
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
For Real player plug-in (automatically installs helix-player):
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-helix-player
For kaffeine plug-in (automatically installs kaffeine also):
 sudo apt-get install kaffeine-mozilla
For image-zoom plug-in (to zoom images in a page):
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-imagezoom
For adblock plug-in (to block ads in a web page):
 sudo apt-get install mozilla-firefox-adblock

Gutsy includes the option to add extensions to Firefox through the Ubuntu repositories. The option to add these extensions is included by default. To see and add Ubuntu Add-ons:
*In Firefox, Go to Tools > Add-ons
*Click "Get Ubuntu Addons"
*To see all available add-ons, click the list next to "Show:" and choose "All Available Applications"
*Choose whichever add-ons you want, and click "Apply Changes"
*You can see which add-ons you've installed in the normal Firefox add-on box.

(Note: All Ubuntu add-ons are also available through the Synaptic package manager.)

===== Shockwave =====

'' There is no version of Shockwave for Ubuntu/Linux but WINE can be used to run it.''
'' This method will result in 2 Firefox Browsers installed on the computer.''
'' Only use the WINE version when using a website that requires it.''
'' The native version of Firefox will give better computer performance, so it should used in all other occurrences.'' 

* Install WINE
* Download and install Firefox for Windows
* Download and install Shockwave for Windows

====Download Manager (Downloader for X)====
To install Downloader for X simply run:
 sudo apt-get install d4x
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System > Administration menu, to locate and install the "d4x" package.

==== FTP client (FileZilla) ====

FileZilla is a powerful FTP client that came from windows enviroment. Reaching its third version it became cross-platform and is available through the Ubuntu Gutsy Repositories.

To install FileZilla FTP client simply run:
  sudo apt-get install filezilla
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System > Administration menu, to locate and install the "filezilla" package.

==== Configuring Evolution for Gmail ====
Visit http://mail.google.com/mail/ and click settings (should be in top right corner). Select Forwarding and POP/IMAP.
* If you want to use POP, select either "Enable POP for all mail (even mail that's already been downloaded)" or "Enable POP only for mail that arrives from now on".
* If you want to use IMAP, select "Enable IMAP".
Save changes.

Open Evolution from Applications -> Internet -> Evolution Mail. If no mail account has been created before, a mail account setup wizard will automatically be opened. Otherwise open it from Edit -> preferences -> Mail Accounts -> Add. Click Forward. Enter your email address for Gmail (including @gmail.com). Click Forward.
* If you have enabled POP from Gmail set "Server Type" to POP, "Server" to pop.gmail.com, and "Use Secure Connection" to "SSL encryption".
* If you have enabled IMAP from Gmail, set "Server Type" to IMAP, "Server" to imap.gmail.com, and "Use Secure Connection" to "SSL encryption".
Click Forward. Click Forward. Set "Server" to smtp.gmail.com, and "Use Secure Connection" to "SSL encryption". Click Forward. Click Forward. Click Apply.

Note that IMAP support for GMAIL is being rolled-out currently (Oct. 2007) but is not available to everyone with a GMAIL account yet. So use POP until IMAP is available for every user.

==== SwiftFox ====

Swiftfox is the Firefox web browser, but built with optimizations to increase speed on specific CPU types. It is compatible with all Firefox extensions and themes, and uses the same settings location as Firefox, so you can use both transparently.

Instructions from [http://getswiftfox.com/debian.htm getswiftfox.com]

*Add the Swiftfox repository
  sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
*Add this line at the bottom
  deb http://getswiftfox.com/builds/debian unstable non-free
*Update apt sources
  sudo apt-get update
*Check your CPU compatibility [http://getswiftfox.com/proc.htm here]
*Install your version of Swiftfox
  sudo apt-get install swiftfox-pentium4
*Run with
  Programs > Internet > Swiftfox
*There is also an [[http://www.getswiftfox.com/installer.htm installer]] available that is distro independent. It is a script that downloads and installs Swiftfox in the /opt directory and attempts to use existing Firefox plugins. The installer is probably the best way for most non-Ubuntu and non-Debian users to install Swiftfox.

==== Azureus (Java BitTorrent client) ====
The simplest way to install Azureus is:
 sudo apt-get install [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/net/azureus azureus]
But it has lots of dependencies. An alternate method is discussed [http://azureus.sourceforge.net/howto_linux.php here]. Additionally you can create a file /usr/share/applications/Azureus.desktop containing the following lines to make it appear in the main menu:
 [Desktop Entry]
 Encoding=UTF-8
 Type=Application
 Terminal=false
 Name=Azureus
 Exec=/usr/local/azureus/azureus
 Comment=Java BitTorrent client
 Categories=Application;Network;
 MimeType=application/x-bittorrent;
 Icon=/usr/local/azureus/Azureus.png
(here it is assumed that azureus is installed in /usr/local directory)

Update:  A brand-new Azureus package is now available in gutsy-backports, which is highly preferable to the version in the main repositories.  It fixes many stability problems and is compiled using icedtea/Java 7.  By the time you read this, it may be available in the main repositories.  Therefore you might want to make sure you have the gutsy-backports repository enabled before installing azureus via apt-get.

==== Deluge (A lightweight BitTorrent client written in python) ====
If you want a client with lower memory and CPU usage than Azureus you might want to try out Deluge.  However, due to stability problems with the version available in the [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/net/deluge-torrent Ubuntu repository], it's probably better to install the latest version using the handy Gutsy-specific package from [http://deluge-torrent.org/downloads-ubuntu the official Deluge website].
To install, just click on the debian package for your version and architecture ('''i386''' for 32-bit systems and '''x86_64''' for 64-bit systems) and choose to run it with GDebi package installer.

==== DC++ client (Linuxdcpp) ====
*Install:
 sudo apt-get install linuxdcpp
*Then go
 Main Menu->Intenet->DC++

=== Multimedia Players ===

==== How to install Mplayer with Multimedia Codecs ====
Simple guide for mplayer and codecs
*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/install-mplayer-and-multimedia-codecs-libdvdcss2w32codecs-in-ubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon.html Mplayer with Multimedia Codecs Installation Tutorials]

*Download [http://smplayer.sourceforge.net/ SMPlayer] (a great front-end for MPlayer) from [http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=185512 here] and double click to install it. The smplayer front-end is also available to install through synaptic package manager.

===== Mplayer on 64bit with wmv9 support =====
Playing wmv9 files on AMD64 doesn't exactly work out of the box. To get it working, you will have to install the 32bit version of mplayer, along with all the necessary codecs. On my relatively new install of Gutsy, I didn't need to install any library files, which made getting it to work that much easier. That being said, follow these steps and you should be watching wmv9 files in no time.

'''Download the version of mplayer32 for Edgy (it works fine) and place into temporary directory'''

 mkdir mplayer32temp
 cd mplayer32temp
 wget http://folk.ntnu.no/grannas/debs/mplayer32_20070130-1_amd64.deb

'''Extract the package you just downloaded, and install to the proper locations''' ''(hit 'n' when it asks to replace a file)''

 sudo dpkg -x mplayer32_20070130-1_amd64.deb ./
 sudo mv -i usr/bin/* /usr/bin/
 sudo mv -i usr/lib32/* /usr/lib32/

'''Get the latest win32 codecs from mplayerhq (link is current as of Nov 04, 2007), extract and install''' ''(again, hit 'n' when it asks to replace a file)''

 wget http://www3.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-20071007.tar.bz2
 tar jxfv essential-20071007.tar.bz2
 sudo mv -i essential-20071007/* /usr/lib/win32/

'''play a wmv9 file and enjoy.'''

 mplayer32 foobar.wmv

==== How to install amaroK Multimedia Player ====

*Note: Amarok is already installed if you are using KDE.

 sudo apt-get install amarok

*Run from menu:
 Applications -> Sound & Video -> amaroK

====== How to uninstall amaroK ======

 sudo apt-get --purge autoremove amarok

==== How to get Mouse over preview of MP3 files working ====

 sudo apt-get install mpg321
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-esound-compat
 sudo apt-get install libasound2-plugins

The above method breaks the sound in Skype

you can also get Mouse over preview to work by installing:

 sudo apt-get install mpg321
 sudo apt-get install mpg123-esd
 sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools
 sudo apt-get install esound
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

with this system Skype still functions

==== How to install VLC Media Player ====

 sudo apt-get install vlc

To uninstall VLC Media Player:

 sudo apt-get --purge autoremove vlc

==== How to install Banshee Music Manager and Player ====

 sudo apt-get install banshee
To uninstall:
 sudo apt-get --purge autoremove banshee

==== How to encode/decode audios ====
There is a great command line tool, sox which not just a ordinary encoder/decoder but a good composer. Read its manual for more information.

''Input(s) → Balancing → Combiner → Effects → Output''
 sudo apt-get install sox

sox cannot handle Real Audio format. For that you need mplayer which converts a .rm file to a .wav file and then use sox to convert wave file to other file.
  mplayer -ao pcm:file=output.wav input.rm

==== How to encode/decode videos ====
mencoder, avidemux, transcode, ffmpeg2theora, etc. are some video converting tools. Read their manuals for information.
 sudo apt-get install mencoder avidemux transcode ffmpeg2theora

==== How to edit audios ====
 sudo apt-get install lmms
 sudo apt-get install audacity

==== How to edit videos ====
 sudo apt-get install ubuntustudio-video

==== Text-to-Speech ====
Visit https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TextToSpeech

=== Programming / Web Development ===

==== Quanta Plus ====

(Quanta is a KDE application, but also works on GNOME.)
To install Quanta, HTML/XML/PHP/Etc Web Creation Software:

 sudo apt-get install quanta kompare kxsldbg cervisia

 Applications > Programming > Quanta Plus

==== Netbeans IDE ====
Netbeans is a platform independent IDE for Java. But it also supports C/C++, Ruby, portals and lots of other stuffs as plug-ins. At the point of writing, version 5.5.1 is the latest stable release and can be installed by:
 sudo apt-get install netbeans5.5
Alternately you can download [http://www.netbeans.org/community/releases/60/index.html Netbeans 6.0] and install it manually. The size of the installation package varies from 11 MB to 200 MB.

===== Netbeans with Web & Java EE pack =====
If you want to use NetBeans for web development and want to integrate with Java EE, download the "Netbeans with Web & Java EE" pack. The plug-in mechanism of installing additional modules are not recommended as it installs it on  user directory (~/.netbeans/6.0beta2/modules/) rather than system-wide installation directory (/usr/local/netbeans-6.0beta2/nb6.0/modules/).

Netbeans with Web & Java EE pack comes with 2 built in runtime environments:
* GlassFish V2 Build 58g
* Apache Tomcat 6.0.14
Those are ideal for both development and production use. Thus you do not have to install either Sun Java Application Server of Apache Tomcat separately. Also uninstalling Netbeans will not uninstall them. You have to uninstall them separately.

But in case you want to install the servers separately, you typically have to run Netbeans as root.
Alternately, you can also change the configuration files' owner/group and permissions of Tomcat and GlassFish to work with Netbeans.

==== Eclipse IDE ====
[http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/devel/eclipse Eclipse IDE] is an alternative of [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/devel/netbeans5.5 Netbeans IDE]. Actually, it is somewhat more popular among Linux users. You can install eclipse directly from [http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ Eclipse website] or can install it using apt-get:
 sudo apt-get install eclipse

==== Anjuta IDE ====
[http://anjuta.sourceforge.net/ Anjuta] is an IDE used primarily for C/C++ development. Not as robust as other itegrated development environments. However, tt does feature some useful plugins that provide functionality that most other IDE's have. (GUI development, project wizards, etc.)
 sudo apt-get install anjuta

=== Utilities ===

==== Compression tools ====
Zip, Gzip and Bzip2 are the most popular compression tools available in almost every every Linux. But of late two new compression tools available: p7zip (http://7-zip.org/), ace and rar (http://www.rarlab.com/). 7-zip is a open-source project, but rar and ace are not.

 sudo apt-get install rar unrar
 sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
 sudo apt-get install unace

Ark is the compression tool for kde, and has support for more formats including rar.

 sudo apt-get install ark

==== Clipboard Manager (Glipper) ====

To install Glipper simply run:
 sudo apt-get install glipper
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System > Administration menu, to locate and install the "glipper" package.

==== Password Manager (KeePassX) ====

KeePass is a crossplatform password manager.
To install it simply run:
 sudo apt-get install keepassx
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System > Administration menu, to locate and install the "keepassx" package.

==== How to fix/integrate bluetooth with nautilus ====

On Some systems bluetooth "Browse Device" fuction doesn't work properly.

To Fix This:

 sudo apt-get install gnome-vfs-obexftp

or

 sudo aptitude install gnome-vfs-obexftp

==== How to install Google Earth (World map utility) ====
Google earth is a world map viewer. It can show 3D buildings and bridges in 3D view. It shows satellite pictures by default. The latest version also includes sky viewer. See http://earth.google.com/ for more details.

Google Earth is available in the Medibuntu Package archive. To install google-earth from Medibuntu:
 echo "deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ gutsy free non-free" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
 wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update
 sudo aptitude install googleearth

Alternatively you can install Google Earth directly from the Google installer:

[http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html Download] Google Earth in to Your Desktop. Open terminal and run:
 chmod +x Desktop/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
 sudo Desktop/GoogleEarthLinux.bin
Follow the instructions to complete the instructions. To uninstall Google earth, do the following:
 sudo su
 /opt/google-earth/uninstall

==== How to install Picasa (photo organizer from Google) ====
Picasa is software that helps you instantly find, edit and share all the pictures on your computer. Picasa makes advanced editing simple by putting one-click fixes and powerful effects at your fingertips. And Picasa makes it a snap to share your pictures – you can email, print photos home, and even post pictures on your own blog. You can install it in four ways:

* [http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html Download] directly the Debian/Ubuntu (.deb) version and install.
* Visit http://www.google.com/linuxrepositories/ and see the instructions about how to add Google repository. Then run:
 sudo apt-get install picasa
* [http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html Download] the Self-extracting installer and follow the instruction set for Google Earth.
* Install the Windows version (with the help of WINE).

==== How to install Google Desktop (search utility) ====
Google Desktop is a desktop search application that gives you easy access to information on your computer and from the web. Desktop makes searching your own email, files, music, photos, and more as easy as searching the web with Google. You can download Google Desktop in two ways:
* Download and install the Debian package directly from http://desktop.google.com/en/linux/download.html
* Visit http://www.google.com/linuxrepositories/ and see the instructions about how to add Google repository. Then run:
 sudo apt-get install google-desktop-linux

==== How to install ntop (network monitoring utility) ====
Ntop is a network monitoring utility. You can monitor local devices as well as devices with Netflow output (like a Cisco router). It's very easy to install too, open a terminal and type:

 sudo apt-get install ntop

Now that it is installed, you have to do some basic setup. Once again, in the terminal, type:

 sudo ntop

You will be asked for a password, and then to confirm the password. This will be the admin password for the ntop web interface. Next, we want to install "Dot", which is a part of the "Graphviz" package:

 sudo apt-get install graphviz

Now, again in the terminal type:

 sudo /etc/init.d/ntop start

Thats it! ntop is running! Try browsing to http://127.0.0.1:3000 to get started. You will have to add the path to dot to the ntop configuration. 

 Admin -> Configure (Enter admin user/pass) -> Preferences

At the bottom add a new preference:

 dot.path  /usr/bin/dot

You should now have a network map for the local interface under IP -> Local -> Network Traffic Map

Visit http://www.ntop.org/ for more information.

==== How to install applications for study of religious texts ====

* For study of Bible see [http://gnomesword.sourceforge.net/ GnomeSword]
* For study of Quran see [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zekr/ Zekr]

===== How to install Gnomesword (Bible study program)=====
*Read [[#General Notes]]    
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]
*This installs the english version of the program.

 sudo apt-get install gnomesword sword-language-pack-en sword-text-web

*If you require other languages type:

 sudo apt-cache search bible

*Take a look at the sword-language-pack's and the sword-text's for additional languages and install as needed. 

Gnomesword is found under Applications-->Accessories.

*Under KDE, use kio-sword instead of Gnomesword:

 sudo apt-get install kio-sword

===== How to install a Quran researching tool (Zekr) =====                                                                                                                  
[http://siahe.com/zekr/ Zekr] is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Quran.                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                           
 sudo wget http://siahe.com/zekr/apt/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zekr.list                                                                        
 wget -q http://siahe.com/zekr/apt/zekr.debian.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -                                                                                                 
 sudo apt-get update                                                                                                                                                        
 sudo apt-get install zekr ttf-me-quran ttf-sil-scheherazade
 sudo apt-get install ttf-farsiweb flashplugin-nonfree

*Zekr comes with extra Quran translations in Persian, Urdu, French, Russian, English, Turkish, Bosnian, Dutch packaged as zekr-quran-translations-XY where XY is the ISO code of the language. Run
 apt-cache search zekr-quran-translations

in a shell to list them all. Then among the result list choose the appropriate package and install it: For example if you want to install English Quran Translations run the following command:
 sudo apt-get install zekr-quran-translations-en

*For more info see [http://www.siahe.com/zekr/wiki/index.php?title=Installation#Ubuntu.2FDebian Zekr wiki].

==== How to install applications for Education ====
===== How to install Mnemosyne =====

[http://mnemosyne-proj.sourceforge.net/ Mnemosyne] is a sophisticated free flash-card tool which optimizes your learning process. To install the latest version in the repositories run the following command
 sudo apt-get install mnemosyne
or use Synaptic Package Manager under System => Administration menu, to locate and install the mnemosyne package.

To install the latest version (the one in the repository is somewhat out of date) first install the dependencies:
 sudo apt-get install python python-pygame python-qt3 python-support python-xml
then download the latest source package from [http://mnemosyne-proj.sourceforge.net/ here]:
 wget http://superb-east.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mnemosyne-proj/mnemosyne-0.9.10.tgz
 (correct as of 11 Nov 2007)
Decompress it:
 tar -xzf mnemosyne-0.9.10.tgz
go to the directory
 cd mnemosyne-0.9.10/
run this command to install it:
 sudo python setup.py install
To create a launcher for it in your Applications Menu:
 System => Preferences => Main Menu => Education (or wherever) => New Item:
 Name: Mnemosyne
 Command: mnemosyne

== ''''' Security ''''' ==

=== How to recover user passwords ===
 sudo apt-get install john
 sudo john /etc/shadow

=== How to reset root password ===
Restart Ubuntu in safe mode and type:
 passwd
to change root password.

=== How to create or change GRUB menu password ===
Visit [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Feisty#How_to_change_GRUB_menu_password_if_forgotten here].

=== How to change root password if grub password is forgotten ===
Visit [http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Feisty#How_to_use_Ubuntu_Installation_CD.2C_to_gain_root_user_access here].
To prevent this, you have to set a bios password and set hard disk as the first boot device.


== ''''' Servers ''''' ==


=== Samba Server ===

==== How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

 sudo apt-get install samba smbfs

==== How to add/edit/delete network users ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]
*To add network user
**Read [[#How to add/edit/delete system users]]

 sudo smbpasswd -a system_username
 gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers

**Insert the following line into the new file

 system_username = "network username"

**Save the edited file 
*To edit network user

 sudo smbpasswd -a system_username

*To delete network user

 sudo smbpasswd -x system_username

==== How to share home folders with read only or read/write permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

 ...
 ;  security = user
 ...

*Replace with the following lines

   security = user
   username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Remove the ; in front of the following lines (there will text in between explaining what they do):
 ;[homes]
 ;comment = Home Directories
 ;browseable = no
 ;valid users = %S
 ;writable = yes

** If you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder then change

  # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next
  # parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.
  ;   writable = no

**Replace with the following lines

   writable = yes

*Save the edited file 
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share group folders with read only permission (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

 sudo mkdir /home/group
 sudo chmod 777 /home/group/
 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

 ...
 ;  security = user
 ...

*Replace with the following lines

  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

*Append the following lines at the end of file

 [Group]
   comment = Group Folder
   path = /home/group
   public = yes
   writable = no
   valid users = system_username1 system_username2
   create mask = 0700
   directory mask = 0700
   force user = nobody
   force group = nogroup

*Or if you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder change

   writable = yes

*Save the edited file 
*Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to share public folders with read only or read/write permissions (Authentication=Yes) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

 sudo mkdir /home/public
 sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

 ...
 ;  security = user
 ...

*Replace with the following lines

   security = user
   username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

Then follow either 1. or 2.

* 1. Save the edited file.

 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

* 1. Right click the folder and select 'Share folder'.  Then change 'Do not share' to share with the network you would like.  
* 1. In Share Properties note the read box.  If you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder un-tick this.

'''OR'''

* 2. Append the following lines at the end of file

 [public]
   comment = Public Folder
   path = /home/public
   public = yes
   writable = yes
   create mask = 0777
   directory mask = 0777
   force user = nobody 
   force group = nogroup

* 2. Or if you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder

   writable = yes

* 2. Save the edited file 
* 2. Read [[#How to add/edit/delete network users]]

 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart


==== How to share public folders with read only or read/write permissions (Authentication=No) ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install Samba Server for files/folders sharing service]]

 sudo mkdir /home/public
 sudo chmod 777 /home/public/
 sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
 gksudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

*Find this line

 ...
 ;  security = user
 ...

*Replace with the following line

   security = share

Then follow either 1. or 2.

* 1. Save the edited file.

 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

* 1. Right click the folder and select 'Share folder'.  Then change 'Do not share' to share with the network you would like.  
* 1. In Share Properties note the read box.  If you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder un-tick this.

'''OR'''

* 2. Append the following lines at the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf (for a read-only folder)

 [public]
   comment = Public Folder
   path = /home/public
   public = yes
   writable = no
   create mask = 0777
   directory mask = 0777
   force user = nobody
   force group = nogroup

* 2. Or if you want other network users to be able to edit to the folder

   writable = yes

 
* 2. Save the edited file 
 
 sudo testparm
 sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

==== How to print on remote Ubuntu machine via samba ====
*Read [[#Print Server (cupsd)]]
*Make sure your Ubuntu printers are configured properly.

  sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.backup
  gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf

:''Find the following lines''

  ...
  # printing = cups
  # printcap name = cups
  ...

:'' and uncomment them.''
  printing = cups
  printcap name = cups

:''Restart cups server''
  sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

:'' Now printers working on your Ubuntu machine should be acessible via samba.''


=== iTunes-compatible Media server ===

If you want iTunes-compatible Media server in Ubuntu try this

* [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-setup-itunes-compatible-media-server-in-ubuntu.html  iTunes-compatible Media server Step By Step Guide]
=== GLPI - IT and asset Managemet Software ===

If you want IT and asset Managemet Software in Ubuntu try this

* [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/glpi-it-and-asset-managemet-software.html  IT and asset Managemet Software Setup Guide]

=== PostgreSQL ===
Postgresql is a well supported and open source database server. There is a long debate regarding whether MySQL is better or PostgreSQL. Actually, there are similar debates like it: Gnome vs KDE, Perl vs Python, PHP vs JSP, Java vs .Net (or Mono). But from installation point of view, it has been seen that PostgreSQL is lighter and requires less dependency than MySQL.

==== Installing PostgreSQL ====
To Install PostgreSQL (both client and server):
 sudo apt-get install postgresql-8.2
To install PostgreSQL documentation:
 sudo apt-get install postgresql-doc-8.2
To install JDBC3 driver for PostgreSQL:
 sudo apt-get install libpg-java
To enable php support for PostgreSQL:
 sudo apt-get install php5-pgsql
To do administrative works graphically:
 sudo apt-get install pgadmin3
To do web-based administrative works:
 sudo apt-get install phppgadmin

==== Configuring PostgreSQL ====
To use postgresql, create a database instance and a user/role:
 sudo -u postgres createdb $USER
 sudo -u postgres createuser $USER
Making both database instance and user/role as your login ID lets you to start PostgreSQL client very easily:
 psql
To login as the administrator:
 sudo -u postgres psql
To be able to login from remote machine or from PHP or through JDBC driver, you have to set your password from PostgreSQL client (psql):
 ALTER USER user PASSWORD 'pass';
replace user and pass by your user name and password respectively. To test whether remote login works or not, run:
 psql -h host -p 5432 -d database -U user

Visit http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pgsql.php to see how php works with PostgreSQL.

==== Using pgadmin3 ====
To configure PostgreSQL using pgadmin3:
* Open psql client as administrator postgres (see above Configure PostgreSQL)
* Change the password for the administrator postgres (see above)
* Open Applications -> System Tools -> pgAdmin III from main menu.
* Open File -> Add Server...
* Set Address to localhost or 127.0.0.1 (or something you have set)
* Give a Description by which this connection will be identified.
* Accept default port (5432), SSL (_blank_), Maintenance DB (postgres) and Username (postgres)
* set the Password that you have set earlier. Click OK.

==== Using phppgadmin ====
To configure PostgreSQL using phppgadmin run:
 sudo ln -s /usr/share/phppgadmin /var/www/phpPgAdmin
Set a password for administrator: postgres (see [[#Configuring_PostgreSQL]]).

Open /etc/phppgadmin/config.inc.php and change:
 $conf['extra_login_security'] = false;
It will enable administrative login. Finally visit http://localhost/phpPgAdmin/ to login.

==== Using PostgreSQL with OpenOffice ====
* Open Applications -> Office -> OpenOffice.org Database.
* Select 'Connect to an existing database'. From the list select JDBC and click Next.
* Make Datasource URL to:
 jdbc:postgresql://localhost/database
Replace localhost by your hostname, database by the database instance you have created.
* Set JDBC driver class to:
 org.postgresql.Driver
* Click 'Test class' to make sure JDBC driver class connects Datasource URL properly. Click Next.
* Type your User name and select 'Password required' option.
* Click Test connection. A popup dialog will appear. Enter your password and click OK.
* If everything works properly, then a confirmation dialog will appear.
* Click Next. Some optional settings will appear. Click Finish to complete.

==== Using PostgreSQL JDBC driver ====
The following Java code is a simple program to illustrate how JDBC can be used with Postgresql:

 // pgVersion.java
 
 import java.sql.*;
 
 class pgVersion {
  public static void main(String arg[]) throws Exception {
   if(arg.length!=4) {
    System.out.println("usage: java pgVersion host database user password");
    return;
   }
   // Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
   Driver driver=new org.postgresql.Driver();
   DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
   String url="jdbc:postgresql://"+arg[0]+"/"+arg[1]+"?user="+arg[2]+"&password="+arg[3];
   Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
   Statement stat=conn.createStatement();
   ResultSet rs=stat.executeQuery("SELECT version()");
   rs.next();
   System.out.println(rs.getString("version"));
   rs.close();
   stat.close();
   conn.close();
   DriverManager.deregisterDriver(driver);
  }
 }

You can run the former code in two ways:
* Using CLASSPATH environment variable:
 export CLASSPATH=/usr/share/java/postgresql.jar:.
 javac pgVersion.java
 java pgVersion host database user password
Here host, database, user and password should be substituted according to your configuration. To make $CLASSPATH permanent, you have to save the command in either /etc/bash.bashrc or ~/.bashrc.
* Alternately, you can run as follows:
 javac -classpath /usr/share/java/postgresql.jar pgVersion.java
 java -classpath /usr/share/java/postgresql.jar:. pgVersion host database user password
The output is as expected:
 PostgreSQL 8.2.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC cc (GCC) 4.1.3 20070831 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.2-16ubuntu1)

=== MySQL ===
According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems this page] both MySQL and PostgreSQL are good alternatives of proprietary softwares like DB2, Sybase, Oracle, SQL Server etc.

To install both the server and client:
 sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.0

[http://db4free.net/ db4free] is a great database server for tryout different things remotely. If you want to use this site, then you do not have to install MySQL server. Just install the [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/misc/mysql-client-5.0 client], [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/misc/mysql-doc-5.0 documentation] and [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/web/php5-mysql php] or [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/libs/libmysql-java jdbc] connectivity.

=== IBM DB2 ===
Visit [http://www.ibm.com/software/ here] for software available from IBM. According to [http://www.ibm.com/software/data/db2/linux/validate/ this page], DB2 can be installed on ubuntu.
==== Download ====
To download DB2 trial [http://www.ibm.com/software/data/db2/9/download.html visit here] and select: IBM DB2 9.5 Data Server trial. Then you have to sign in (create an account if not already created) in order to download. Choose either of the following:
* DB2 9.5 data server trial for Linux(R) on AMD64 and Intel(R) EM64T systems (x64)
* DB2 9.5 data server trial for Linux(R) on System z
Then answer questions and click 'I confirm' at the bottom. Finally click 'I confirm' button to start downloading.

Alternately, [http://www.ibm.com/software/data/db2/9/download.html visit here] and select: IBM DB2 9.5 Express-C. Then choose DB2 Express-C 9.5 for Linux and click continue. Then answer questions and click 'I confirm' at the bottom. Finally select either of the following:
* DB2 Express-C for Linux operating system, 32-bit architecture
* DB2 Express-C for Linux operating system, 64-bit architecture
click 'I confirm' button to start downloading.
==== Installing DB2 ====
I choose 'DB2 Express-C for Linux operating system, 32-bit architecture' to demonstrate how to install. If you have chosen a different version, make necessary changes accordingly. Let's assume the downloaded file is on your home directory. Then do the following:
 tar -xf db2exc_950_LNX_x86.tar.gz
 cd ~/exp
 sudo apt-get install libaio1
 sudo ./db2setup
Select 'Install a Product' from the left side of the generated window and click 'Install New'. Another window will be opened. Then following the instructions to complete the installation. You are encouraged to create new user and groups (dasusr1/dasadm1, db2inst1/db2iadm1, db2fenc1/db2fadm1) during installation.

==== Uninstalling DB2 ====
If you have installed with all default settings (as mentioned above) then just running the following commands would remove the db2 completely. In case you have changed something during installation, then make appropriate changes accordingly.
 cd /opt/ibm/db2/V9.5
 ./instance/db2ilist
 sudo instance/db2idrop db2inst1
 sudo install/db2_deinstall -a
 cd && sudo rm -r /opt/ibm/
 sudo userdel -r dasusr1
 sudo userdel -r db2fenc1
 sudo userdel -r db2inst1
 sudo groupdel dasadm1
 sudo groupdel db2fadm1
 sudo groupdel db2iadm1
Before running those commands, please make sure:
* Make sure, db2 is not running.
* Identify DB2 installation directory (E.g /opt/ibm/db2/V9.5)
* Identify DB2 instances (using db2ilist command, see the second command)
* Drop each and every instances (using db2idrop command, third command)
* If you have other IBM softwares in /opt/ibm then remove only /opt/ibm/db2 directory.
* Delete user and group accounts that you have created for db2.

=== Oracle database ===
* Download [http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html Oracle database] XE from [http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/htdocs/102xelinsoft.html here]. Then follow the [http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/files/install.102/b25144/toc.htm instructions] to complete the installation.
* Alternately, visit [http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/install/index.html this page] to see some installation guides provided by some users. [http://www.davidpashley.com/articles/oracle-install.html This page] is particularly seems very useful. (--[[User:Tamal|Tamal]] 07:51, 14 November 2007 (EET))

A problem might occur if your swap space is less than 1 GB. In that case you have to do the following:
* Turn off the swap space. (run 'man swapoff' for help)
* Resize the swap partition. (run 'man fdisk' and 'man cfdisk' for help)
* Restart the system. (not mandatory, but recommended)
* Edit the /etc/fstab file to update the UUID of the swap partition. ([[#How_to_find_the_UUID_of_a_device]])
* Turn on the swap space. (run 'man swapon' for help)

=== SSH ===
==== How to install SSH Server for remote administration service ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to add extra repositories]]

 sudo apt-get install ssh

==== How to SSH into remote Ubuntu host ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]

The Ubuntu host must be running the SSH Server. Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]. 

In this example: 

Remote Ubuntu machine: 192.168.0.2 
username is a valid user on the remote host 

 ssh username@192.168.0.2

You can tunnel to a URL as well: 

 ssh username@foobar.dyndns.org

If your LAN uses a dynamic IP to connect to the Internet, you can use a Dynamic IP service (such as DynDNS) to assign a static URL to your LAN (foobar.dyndns.org, for example). An SSH request over the Internet to your URL (e.g. foobar.dyndns.org) would then be routed by the DynDNS service to your modem/router. Your router must then be set to forward the port used for the SSH tunnel to your host machine on the LAN. (SSH tunnels generally occur by default over port 22, but it can be changed (see below)).

For some humor: Read Etymology of foobar. 
You can explicitly select the port number (instead of port 22) for the SSH tunnel: 

 ssh username@foobar.dyndns.org:11022

However, if you do this, the host SSH server must be listening on the same port (port 11022 in the example). The port to listen to can be set in the ssdh_config file of the OpenSSH server (provided in Ubuntu) on your host. Also, your router must be configured to forward port 11022 to your OpenSSH host.

==== How to change SSH Server Port Number ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]]

Open /etc/ssh/sshd_config for editing

 gksu gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Look for the line

 # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
 Port 22

Change 22 to the value you want, then save and restart the SSH server

 sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

==== Using SSH to Port Forward ====

*Read [[#General Notes]]
*The Ubuntu host must be running the SSH Server. Read [[#How to install SSH Server for remote administration service]].
*The format of the client command to create an SSH tunnel to an OpenSSH host listening on the default port 22 is:

 ssh -L <local port>:<remote computer>:<remote port> <user>@<remote ip>

An example is:

 ssh -L 6669:94.92.10.15:6667 foowho

In this example, local port 6669 on the local client computer is tunneled by encrypted SSH over the default port 22 to the router at 94.92.10.15. The router must be set up to forward port 22 to whatever the internal LAN IP (such as 192.168.0.56) of the SSH host is. The host is running OpenSSH (ssdh service) and is set to listen to port 22. It then routes the incoming data to the host port 6667, where presumably some other program is waiting for data. foowho has an account on the host running the OpenSSH server.

SSH tunnels can also be established using URLs and even alternate ports. An example is:

 ssh -L 5900:foobar.dyndns.org:5900 foowho -p 11022

In this example, local port 5900 on the client is forwarded through an SSH tunnel on port 11022 to foobar.dyndns.org. The DNS service translates foobar.dyndns.org into the appropriate WAN (Internet) IP address, where the router is listening. The router is set up to forward port 11022 to the LAN machine hosting the OpenSSH server, which is listening on port 11022. It then sends the data to whatever program is running on port 5900 on the host.

*You can forward a local port to a different port on the remote host.

:Example: Make port 80 (web server/browser) on the remote host at 10.0.2.10 available locally as port 81

 ssh -L 81:10.0.2.10:80 user@office.net

*You can create secure SSH tunnels to multiple hosts using multiple ports.

 ssh -L 81:10.0.2.10:80 -L 82:10.0.2.20:80 -L 83:10.0.2.30:80 user@office.net

Now, local port 81 locally forwards to port 80 on the host at 10.0.2.10, local port 82 forwards to port 80 on the host at 10.0.2.20 and local port 83 forwards to port 80 on the host at 10.0.2.30. In this example, user has an account on all three host machines at 10.0.2.10, 10.0.2.20, and 10.0.2.30.

*Once port forwarding is set up by ssh, an application is directed to the SSH tunnel for port usage by using the loopback as the destination.

:Example 1:

 ssh -L 81:10.0.2.10:80 user@office.net

 <nowiki>http://localhost:81</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://127.0.0.1/:81</nowiki>

will direct a web browser to use port 81 locally, which is being redirected by SSH to port 80 on the remote host at 10.0.2.10. 

:Example 2:

 ssh -L 5900:foobar.dyndns.org:5900 foowho
 vncviewer 127.0.0.1 or vncviewer localhost

will direct vncviewer (which uses port 5900 by default) to direct its traffic through the ssh tunnel to the host at foobar.dyndns.org, where, presumably, a VNC server is listening on port 5900.

==== SSH Filesystem ====

install package: sshfs, see http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html
 sudo aptitude update
 sudo aptitude install sshfs

Optionally, add user to group fuse to manage mount-point permissions.
 sudo adduser <local user> fuse
(propogate new group membership: restart or open new shell, e.g., Ctrl+Alt+F1)

Create writable mount point, e.g, <mount point> = /media/remote
 sudo mkdir <mount point>
 sudo chgrp fuse <mount point>
 sudo chmod 775 <mount point>

Mount command
 sshfs [<user>@]<host>:[<path>] <mount point>

Unmount command
 fusermount -u <mount point>

=== Ubuntu 7.10 LAMP Server ===

If you are looking for simple LAMP Server setup in 15min including webmin installation this is for you

*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon-lamp-server-setup.html Ubuntu 7.10 LAMP Server Step By Step Guide]

(This requires the server version of Gutsy Gibbon, not the standard desktop edition)

=== How to Install Webmin ===

Webmin is an browser-based administration tool for Apache, PHP, MySQL, and Much More.
 
 wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.370_all.deb
 
sudo apt-get install libnet-ssleay-perl libauthen-pam-perl libio-pty-perl libmd5-perl

sudo passwd root
(Enter new root password, retype)

sudo dpkg -i webmin_1.370_all.deb

To use webmin, type the following in a browser: (Make sure to use HTTPS not HTTP)

*[https://localhost:10000 https://localhost:10000]

=== Sun Java Application Server (Java EE) ===
[http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/coll/1343.4 Official documentation]
==== Installing Application Server ====
Sun Java Application Server is the heart of Java EE. [http://java.sun.com/javaee/downloads/index.jsp Download] either of the following versions:
* Java EE 5 SDK Update 3
* Java Application Platform SDK Update 3 Beta
* Sun Java System Application Server 9.1 (under individual download section)
Alternately you can download GlassFish application server (community maintained):
* With [http://dlc.sun.com.edgesuite.net/netbeans/6.0/beta2/ Netbeans] Web & Java EE pack
* Download [https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/downloadsindex.html GlassFish] directly
Make the download file executable and run as root by:
 chmod +x Desktop/filename
 sudo ./Desktop/filename
Lets assume $JAVAEE_HOME indicates the installation directory. The default installation directory for Sun Java System Application Server 9.1 is /opt/SUNWappserver/.
Now, either add $JAVAEE_HOME/bin in your PATH or make a link of asadmin and asant in your path by
 sudo ln -s $JAVAEE_HOME/bin/asadmin /usr/local/bin/asadmin
 sudo ln -s $JAVAEE_HOME/bin/asant /usr/local/bin/ant
The command 'asadmin' is the main and most important command for Java Application server. [http://ant.apache.org/ Ant] is also useful to automate building process.

==== Application Server configuration ====
When Java EE installs, a domain 'domain1' is automatically installed with it in $JAVAEE_HOME/domains/ which is the default directory for all domains. Generally this directory ($JAVAEE_HOME/domains/) is not writable. So, as a unprivileged user you can create your own domain in your home directory.

===== Application Server domain settings =====
To create, start, stop and delete a domain in your home directory:
 asadmin create-domain --adminport 4848 --domaindir ~ mydomain
 asadmin start-domain --domaindir ~ mydomain
 asadmin stop-domain --domaindir ~ mydomain
 asadmin delete-domain --domaindir ~ mydomain

Alternately you can make $JAVAEE_HOME/domains/ writable to do domain-related works from default domain directory. E.g.
 sudo chmod a+w $JAVAEE_HOME/domains/
 asadmin create-domain --adminport 4848 mydomain
 asadmin start-domain mydomain
 asadmin stop-domain mydomain
 asadmin delete-domain mydomain

If you have only one domain in the default domains directory ($JAVAEE_HOME/domains/) then you do not have to give the domain name to start or stop a domain. E.g.
 asadmin start-domain
 asadmin stop-domain

You can save the login information to ~/.asadminpass file in order to administer an application server domain from command line. If you do not login, you have to provide username and password for each administrative work (analogous to su and sudo commands). To login:
 asadmin login --host localhost --port 4848

Deploying and un-deploying a web or ejb module is very easy. Just do the following:
 asadmin deploy test1.war
 asadmin deploy test2.ear
 
 asadmin undeploy test1.war
 asadmin undeploy test2.ear

===== Application Server data Source settings =====
DataSource configuration can be done easily from web based administration console. Here command line method is given:
 sudo ln -s /usr/share/java/postgresql.jar /opt/SUNWappserver/domains/domain1/lib/postgresql.jar
 asadmin create-jdbc-connection-pool --datasourceclassname org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource --property
     serverName=localhost:portNumber=5432:databaseName=database:user=user:password=pass jdbc/postgresql
 asadmin create-jdbc-resource --connectionpoolid jdbc/postgresql database

First, we have made this driver accessible from the domain. In the second command, we have created a data source connection pool which has been assigned a JNDI name in the third command. Here all the colon (:) separated values are database related. Change them according to your database settings. Now you can create a Connection by, e.g.:
 Context ic = new InitialContext();
 DataSource ds = (DataSource)ic.lookup("database");
 Connection conn = ds.getConnection();

To see available data sources and their corresponding JNDI names:
 asadmin list-jdbc-connection-pools
 asadmin list-jdbc-resources

To delete both connection pool, you have to delete JNDI name first. E.g.
 asadmin delete-jdbc-resource database
 asadmin delete-jdbc-connection-pool jdbc/postgresql

=== Tomcat 6 ===
==== Installing tomcat ====

Tomcat can be found in [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/web/tomcat5.5 universe] repository but it has some drawbacks (e.g. lots of dependencies, unavailability of version 6.x, do not use Sun Java). Thus manual installation is recommended.

Download latest stable version of tomcat from [http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi here] and extract it in /usr/local as root. Add "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/" to /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.x.x/bin/setclasspath.sh after the first occurrence of "CLASSPATH=". Make sure that sun-java6-jre is installed. Make a soft-link of /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.x.x/bin/catalina.sh as /usr/local/bin/tomcat to access easily. Optionally you can remove .exe and .bat files and edit .sh files to remove cygwin, os400 and darwin related codes.

Although not necessary, but the [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/devel/ant ant] program would be useful here. You can also install its [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/devel/ant-doc documentation].

==== OpenEJB Server ====
[http://openejb.apache.org/ OpenEJB] is an open source, modular, configurable, and extendable EJB Container System and EJB Server. [http://openejb.apache.org/tomcat.html Visit here] to see the installation instructions for OpenEJB under Tomcat 6.

==== Using tomcat with NetBeans ====
You have to make the configuration files readable because Netbeans generally do not run with administrative privilege. To use Tomcat with with NetBeans, you have to set a user with manager role. A typcal $CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml file would look like:
 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
 <tomcat-users>
   <role rolename="admin"/>
   <role rolename="manager"/>
   <role rolename="tomcat"/>
   <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin"/>
   <user username="manager" password="manager" roles="manager"/>
   <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
 </tomcat-users>
Edit this file after you have started tomcat once. Any data placed in the <tomcat-users> element is erased during the first start of tomcat.
You can also use tomcat that comes with NetBeans web & Java EE pack.

==== Configure Database Connection Pool (DBCP) of Tomcat ====
A database connection pool creates and manages a pool of connections to a database. Recycling and reusing already existing connections to a dB is more efficient than opening a new connection. It is still possible and valid to open and close connection for each servlet/jsp (visit [[#Using_JDBC_driver]] for details).

Before proceeding, let's assume that $CATALINA_HOME denotes tomcat installation directory (typically: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.14).
 echo $CATALINA_HOME
 sudo ln -s /usr/share/java/postgresql.jar $CATALINA_HOME/lib/postgresql.jar
 sudo mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/dataSourceTest
 sudo chown $USER:$USER $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/dataSourceTest
 cd $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/dataSourceTest
 mkdir META-INF WEB-INF WEB-INF/classes
Create WEB-INF/web.xml and set its content:
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
  version="2.5">
 
  <resource-ref>
    <description>PostgreSQL connectivity</description>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/postgresql</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
  </resource-ref>
 
  <description>
    Page for testing
  </description>
  <display-name>Testing page</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>pgsqlVersion</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>pgsqlVersion</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>pgsqlVersion</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/pgsqlVersion</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 </web-app>

Create META-INF/context.xml and set its content (replace hostname, database instance name, user id and password):
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Context>
  <Resource
    name="jdbc/postgresql"
    auth="Container"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource"
    driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
    url="jdbc:postgresql://host/database"
    username="user"
    password="password"
    maxActive="20"
    maxIdle="10"
    maxWait="-1"/>
  <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
  <WatchedResource>META-INF/context.xml</WatchedResource>
 </Context>

Create pgsqlVersion.java and set its content:
 import java.io.*;
 import java.sql.*;
 import javax.sql.*;
 import javax.naming.*;
 import javax.servlet.*;
 public class pgsqlVersion extends GenericServlet {
  public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
   try {
   response.setContentType("text/html");
   PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
   Context initContext = new InitialContext();
   Context envContext  = (Context)initContext.lookup("java:/comp/env");
   DataSource ds = (DataSource)envContext.lookup("jdbc/postgresql");
   Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
   Statement stat=conn.createStatement();
   ResultSet rs=stat.executeQuery("SELECT version()");
   rs.next();
   pw.println(rs.getString("version"));
   rs.close();
   stat.close();
   } catch(Exception e) { }
  }
 }

Create index.html and set its content:
 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
 <title>PostgreSQL datasource</title>
 </head>
 <frameset rows="80%, 20%">
   <frame src="pgsqlVersion.java">
   <frame src="pgsqlVersion">
 </frameset>
 </html>
Then compile the servlet:
 export CLASSPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/lib/postgresql.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/lib/servlet-api.jar:.
 javac -d WEB-INF/classes/ pgsqlVersion.java
Finally, visit http: //host:8080/dataSourceTest. Thats all!



=== Nagios Network Monitoring Server ===

*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/nagios-network-monitoring-system-setup-in-ubuntu.html Nagios Monitoring Server Setup Guide]
It should be noted that this howto instructs you to build nagios from its sources, while it exists on the official repositories.

=== NFS Server ===

* Read [http://nfs.sourceforge.net Linux NFS FAQ]
* Run this command for each computer to determine the IP Addresses for each one:
 ifconfig

==== Installing NFS Server ====

 sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap

Reconfigure Portmap to not bind to loopback interface:

 sudo dpkg-reconfigure portmap 
 sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart

Define which folders to share (export):

 sudo nano /etc/exports

Add share (export) definitions:

This will export path to all IP addresses between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.254 with Read/Write access:

 /path/to/shared/files 192.168.1.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,async)

This will export path to all IP addresses between 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.254 with Read Only access:

 /path/to/shared/files 192.168.1.0/24(ro,async)

''192.168.1.0/24 above would be the clients IP Address''

When finished, save changes and restart the NFS Server:

 sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

Export your new configuration:

 sudo exportfs -a

==== Installing NFS Client ====

 sudo apt-get install portmap nfs-common

==== Mounting Manually ====

 cd ~
 mkdir temp
 sudo mount 192.168.1.1:/path/to/shared/files temp

''192.168.1.1 above would be the Servers IP Address''

You may need to restart NFS services:

 sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
 sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-common restart

==== Mounting Automatically ====

Create mountpoint:

 sudo mkdir /mnt/files

Edit configuration:

 gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Add something similar to below:

 192.168.1.1:/path/to/shared/files /mnt/files nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr 0 0

Test new configuration:

 sudo mount -a

Reboot to test automatic mounting.

== ''''' Hardware ''''' ==

=== NVidia Driver ===

First, determine what kernel you have running:

 user@localhost:~$ uname -a
 Linux localhost 2.6.22-14-generic #1 SMP Sun Oct 14 23:05:12 GMT 2007 i686 GNU/Linux

I have the '''generic''' kernel, so I need to install the following:

 sudo apt-get install linux-restricted-modules-generic


After that's done, go to '''''System > Administration > Restricted Drivers Manager''''' and turn on the driver.

Some users may receive an error screen: "The software source for the packsge nvidia-glx-new is not enabled." This can be overcome by going to '''''System > Administration > Software Sources''''' and ticking all the boxes under the heading "Downloadable from the Internet", click close and then allow Ubuntu to reload the package lists. The NVidia drivers can then be enabled using the method above.

You can optionally prevent showing NVidia logo on startup by:
 sudo nvidia-xconfig --no-logo

=== Wacom tablet ===

By default, options for the Wacom tablet are commented out. Type the following command to edit the '''xorg.conf''' file.

 gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Uncomment the following by removing the "#" or just replace the tree lines:

 InputDevice     "stylus"	"SendCoreEvents"
 InputDevice     "cursor"	"SendCoreEvents"
 InputDevice     "eraser"	"SendCoreEvents"

Save and restart your X-session by typing '''CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE'''.

=== Microsoft Intellimouse ===

To get the scroll wheel and side buttons to be recognized, change your '''/etc/X11/xorg.conf''' mouse section to look like the following:

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier     "Configured Mouse"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "CorePointer"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/input/mice" 
    Option         "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
    Option         "Buttons" "7" 
    Option         "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
EndSection

If you want the wheel scroll button to scroll in firefox rather than the side buttons make "ZAxisMapping" "6 7" and "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 4 5".

At this point you can reboot your computer or restart X (Ctrl-Alt-BackSpace) to see if your forward/back buttons work in FireFox. You can test in a terminal with '''xev'''.

===Logitech Marble Mouse===
To get the scrollwheel effect on Logitech trackball (Marble Mouse), change your '''/etc/X11/xorg.conf''' mouse section to look like the following:

Section "InputDevice"
    Identifier "MarbleMouse"
    Driver     "mouse"
    Option     "Protocol" "auto"
    Option     "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
    Option     "Buttons" "5"
    Option     "ButtonMapping" "1 8 3 6 7"
    Option     "EmulateWheel"  "true"
    Option     "EmulateWheelTimeout" "300"  # msec
    Option     "EmulateWheelButton"  "6"
    Option     "YAxisMapping"        "4 5"
EndSection

Make sure that you have "MarbleMouse" under the server layout section as well.

The big left and right buttons work normally (click, right click) and pressing them at the same time acts as a middle click. Holding the small left button will let you scroll up and down with the trackball. Clicking small left and right buttons will let you go back/forward in firefox.

Thanks to imjustabill and Buffalo Soldier from the Ubuntu Forum. This works well on my computer.

=== Logitech MX510 ===
To have the extra buttons on your MX510 working with X, you'll have to install and configure the evdev-drivers. Open up a terminal and enter:
  sudo apt-get install [http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/x11/xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-evdev]
Now, all you have to do is configure Xorg to work with the new driver. Always remember to back up original files before altering:
  sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
  gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Locate and replace the '''InputDevice''' section which holds the information for your mouse, for example with the identifier '''Configured Mouse''', and replace it with:
  <nowiki>Section "InputDevice"
        Identifier      "Configured Mouse"
        Driver          "evdev"
        Option          "CorePointer"
        Option          "Name"  "Logitech MX510"
 EndSection</nowiki>

Logout or kill the X session using '''<CTRL><ALT><BACKSPACE>''' and login again. This should get all of your buttons and scrollwheel up and running, and even let you navigate the webbrowser history using the thumb buttons on the side.

=== Disable CAPS LOCK ===
I like to remap mine to '''<Ctrl>'''.  Just run gnome-keyboard-properties with
"System > Preferences > Keyboard", click on the "Layout Options" tab and then on the arrow
next to "Ctrl key position". Selecting "Make CapsLock an additional Ctrl" does the trick.

=== Enabling NUM LOCK at boot ===
The Default behavior is for the NUM LOCK key to be off; if you are on a desktop and have a keypad though, entering digits from it can be much quicker and you may wish to have it enabled for entering login password, etc.  Here's how:
*From Synaptic, download and install "numlockx," or, from the command line;
   sudo apt-get install numlockx
*To get it working, you now have to edit the appropriate startup file.  First, make sure you have a working backup of the file:
   sudo cp /etc/gdm/Init/Default /etc/gdm/Init/Default.bak
*Next, modify the gdm/Init file.  In terminal:
   gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default
*Scroll down to the end of the file, and above the line that says "exit 0" add the following:
   if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
   /usr/bin/numlockx on 
   fi
*Next time you reboot, your NUM LOCK should default to "on."

=== BSNL Broadband (dataone) speedup ===
BSNL Broadband or Dataone provides high speed (2Mbps) Internet connectivity in India. The DNS servers provided by the BSNL (61.1.96.69 and 61.1.96.71) are very slow. Instead use Either of these:

208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220 or

4.2.2.1 and 4.2.2.2 or

search Google for free DNS service providers.

=== Citrix ICA client ===

The Citrix client no longer suffers from any of the previous Ubuntu version's problems of UTF8 font issues, OpenMotif depends, or flaky/broken browser integration. It just works!

* Download the latest en.linuxx86.tar.gz (currently v10.6) from [http://www.citrix.com/ Citrix.com] and save to your desktop
* Right-click tar.gz file, and '''Extract Here'''
* Open a Terminal
  Programs > Accessories > Terminal
* Change to the directory where we extracted the client
  cd Desktop/en.linuxx86
* Run the setup program
  ./setupwfc
* Select the defaults
Now, web files from Metaframe Presentation Server, Citrix Access Gateway, etc webpages will work fine in Firefox.

Someone may wish to add an entry on how to use the client to connect to a local Citrix farm.

=== WINE ===

Latest install instructions are always at: [http://www.winehq.org/site/download-deb WineHQ.org]

Add repository key:
  wget -q http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/387EE263.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
Add repository to apt sources:
  sudo wget http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq.list
Update apt sources:
  sudo apt-get update
Install WINE:
  sudo apt-get install wine
The program menu then appears in Programs under Wine, or double-click a Windows/DOS .exe file.

==== Install Internet Explorer 6 for Wine ====

IE 6 is not recommended for general usage, but some Windows packages (installed under Wine) require IE6 to complete installation. Furthermore, IE 6 is useful for checking code for developers who want to see how their web pages appear under IE 6.

Install the required package cabextract from Synaptic Package Manager (or from apt-get install cabextract). 

Download and run the IEs4Linux installation script from the IEs4Linux website: 

      wget http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads/ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
      tar zxvf ies4linux-latest.tar.gz
      cd ies4linux-*
      ./ies4linux


There is a beta version of the install at http://www.tatanka.com.br/ies4linux/downloads 

'''If you hit advance you have the option to install IE7. I have not gotten it to work as of yet, but IE6 installs with no issues on amd64 and i386'''

Accept all the defaults for installation.

==== Wine-Doors ====

Wine-Doors http://www.wine-doors.org/ packages Windows applications for Wine. The current package list includes Internet Explorer 6.

Debian/Ubuntu package (single click) available for [http://www.wine-doors.org/wordpress/?page_id=3 download].

=== VMWare Server ===

Until the Commercial Ubuntu repository includes the VMWare Server, you can use the following 'How To' to compile from source.

*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-vmware-server-in-ubuntu-710-gutsy-gibbon.html Step By Step Vmware server setup guide including Screenshots]

==== VMWare Tools  ====

If you want to install VMware tools on ubuntu gutsy follow this steps

*[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howto-install-vmware-tools-in-ubuntu.html VMWare Tools Setup Guide Incliding Screenshots]

To be able to use usb devices look at following bug comment at 
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kvm/+bug/156085/comments/5

=== How to install Broadcom wireless driver ===

*This worked for me Kubuntu 7.10 32 bit but there are several ways

*First, make sure you have the appropriate hardware
 lspci | grep Broadcom

*Output should match this

 02:03.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4306 802.11b/g Wireless LAN Controller (rev 02)

*Then you have to add a repository 
 gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

*Add
 deb  http://ubuntu.cafuego.net gutsy-cafuego bcm43xx

*Then do this to add the signature
 wget http://ubuntu.cafuego.net/AF425CB5.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -

*Back in the console
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install bcm43xx-firmware 

*Just press yes, let it install, and reboot! Thanks to Pete and the 7.04 guide for this.

== Requests ==
If you have requests that you would like to be part of this guide, write them in [[Ubuntu_talk:Gutsy]].

== ''''' Troubleshooting ''''' ==

Place solutions to problems you have encountered with Gutsy here.
They may be workarounds to bugs or other solutions to other problems.

=== OpenOffice spell checking problem ===
This problem is not a bug at all. Some Languages do not have spell checking support, while others do. For example, "English (India)" does not support spell checking but "English (USA)" does. Just go to
 Tools -> Options -> Language Settings -> Languages
and select a Western language that has a check mark beside the language name. That's it.

If you want to add languages that support spell checking, install the package myspell-<language> where <language> is the desired language, e.g.:
 sudo apt-get install myspell-fr 
to install the French dictionary.

=== Alternative of SCIM to switch keyboard layout ===
SCIM might not work properly under Gutsy Gibbon, although works fine under Feisty Fawn. Until the problem is fixed, you can use the alternative method to switch keyboard layout.

*Go to System -> Administration -> Language Support and install the languages you want to use.
*Open System -> Preferences -> Keyboard and add the layout that you want to use from Layouts tab.
*Right click on the free space of upper panel and select "Add to panel...". Add Keyboard Indicator.

===Fix Slow boot/faulty splash screen===

if your system is booting slowly or your ubuntu splash screen is not being displayed it could be that Usplash has created the splash screen incorrectly

1) edit /boot/grub/menu.lst
  sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

At the very end of the kernel line after "splash" , add 
  "vga=***" 
replace *** with the code from the table below that corresponds with the resolution 
and colour setting you are using

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
! Screen
! 640x480
! 800x600
! 1024x768
! 1280x1024
! 1600x1200 
|- 
| Colors
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 256
| 769
| 771
| 773
| 775
| 796
|-
| 32,768
| 784
| 787
| 790
| 793
| 797
|-
| 65,536
| 785
| 788
| 791
| 794
| 798
|-
| 16.8M
| 786
| 789
| 792
| 795
| 799
|}

the line should look something like this

  kernel		/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-14-generic root=UUID=20fd9912-6383-4860-9cd8-88a11909d715 ro quiet splash vga=791

Save that file, close it, 

2) edit /etc/usplash.conf
     sudo gedit /etc/usplash.conf

change the resolution to the one you set in the previous step save and close

3) rebuild the bootsplash screen

    sudo update-initramfs -u -k `uname -r`

This rebuilds the image that Grub uses to start the system.

4) reboot

=== Logout problem ===	
Some users have have faced a hangout problem when whey press the quit button. Currently the following symptom and work-around have been noticed:	
* Press Ctrl-Alt-Backspace to kill X-Window and show the GDM screen.	
* gnome-power-manager service should be on. You can enable it from System->Preferences->Sessions.
* Wait for 1 minute. The quit window will appear. (the logout problem will vanish for some times).
* For some users, removing .config/autostart/ directory worked.
== Tips And Tricks ==
It is pointless to add the tricks that is already added in [[Ubuntu:Feisty#Tips_And_Tricks]]. So, only new tricks are added.

=== What to do when Ubuntu freezes ===
There are different reasons for a computer to crash - there can be a programming bug, a memory issue, or other. When your computer seems to be dead, don't panic! And don't reach for that power button!
There are '''five''' simple things you can try before killing the power:

# Is the computer frozen? Try going into one of the VTs by pressing '''<Ctrl><Alt>''' and '''F1'''. This way you may still have control of the computer and manage to kill the application which caused the problem. '''''More on killing applications later.'''''
# If you can't change into a VT, try to kill the X session. This can be done by pressing '''<Ctrl><Alt><Backspace>'''. All applications that were opened during the session will automatically be killed, so you should gain control over the computer after you've been sent back to the login screen.
# OK, so you can't kill X or go into VT. Let's do a reboot, which can safely be done by pressing '''<Ctrl><Alt><Delete>'''. The machine will beep and start running the shutdown scripts.
# If for some reason one or more of the shutdown scripts should die, and the computer stops the rebooting process, press the key combination again to ''force a reboot''. This not safe if the scripts haven't gotten around to unmount the local filesystems.
# Final way out: Your computer doesn't obey and none of above methods seem to give any response. Here's a little trick that might help, not known to many Linux users! The kernel has a small userspace communication line opened, so even if the computer has crashed badly (I haven't tried this during kernel-panic, though, can anyone confirm?) you can make it reboot safely. This method ''is'' safe, but should be used '''''only if everything else fails'''''! Hold down '''<Ctrl>''', '''<Alt>''' and '''<PrtScrn/SysRq>'''. While holding down these, type the following letters - in order - '''R E I S U B'''. The computer will unmount any filesystems that are locally mounted, and safely bring down the system. If you have trouble remembering the letter combination; think '''''busier''''', only ''backwards''.

=== How to find the UUID of a device ===
* This is useful if changes are made to the partition table or a new hard drive is added to the computer.
* When the UUID(s) change an error will be caused during boot.
* Pressing <Ctrl>-D will allow the boot to continue but to fix the problem:
-> Open fstab file:
 sudo gedit /etc/fstab
-> In another terminal run this commmand: 
 ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/  
-> Or you can type this to list all of your devices:
 blkid

* Compare the UUID's and any that are different in fstab from the list must be changed.  The easiest way is copy and paste.
* Some other things may have to be edited as well like the mount point, type (ext2, ext3, ntfs, etc) , options, dump, pass, etc.
''For more help editing fstab look [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=283131 Here:]''

* To list the UUID of a specific device:
 sudo vol_id -u device

* Where device might be /dev/sdxy.
'' Example: sudo vol_id -u /dev/sda1 ''

=== Enable vim syntax highlighting ===
The source of vi/vim command is vim-tiny package which does not support syntax highlighting. Install vim:
 sudo apt-get install vim
Then open /etc/vim/vimrc and uncomment '''syntax on'''

Replace
 "syntax on

With
 syntax on

=== HAL ===
If you have problem failed to initialize HAL, and devices such as card reader,or shutdown problem, power meter doesn´t appear..please find this line in /etc/init.d/rc

sudo vim /etc/init.d/rc
find this line :
CONCURRENCY=shell

To fix this:

 sudo nautilus
 
Navigate to /etc/
look for the folder '''rc2.d'''
rename '''s12hal''' to '''s13hal
'''

the problem was HAL loading before DBUS and causing such error.
this should fiz the problem, if not

 sudo gedit /etc/init.d/rc

and turn
CONCURRENCY=shell to CONCURRENCY=none

=== Enable Sirius Internet Radio for Firefox ===
*Install [[#How to install VLC media player| VLC]]
*Install the [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/446 firefox media player connectivity plugin]

Launch the player from [http://www.sirius.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Sirius/Page&c=FlexContent&cid=1191942072317&flash=noflash| www.sirius.com].  After authenticating, you will now be able to select which stream to play.  Selecting the stream will launch vlc.

=== Remove unwanted language/locale files ===
 sudo apt-get install localepurge
 sudo localepurge

=== Auto starting pidgin at login ===
Goto System -> Preferences -> Sessions. Click Add. A popup window will appear. Set Name to "Pidgin" and Command to "/usr/bin/pidgin". Click OK. Make sure that it is enabled.

=== sudo/gksu without password ===
 EDITOR=gedit gksu visudo
Find "Defaults !lecture,tty_tickets,!fqdn" and replace by "Defaults timestamp_timeout=-1".

=== Speed-up Ubuntu ===
Open System -> Preferences -> Sessions and remove the startup programs that you do not need (e.g. Bluetooth Manager, Evolution Alarm Notifier, Restricted Driver Manager, Tracker, User folders update, Visual).

Open System -> Preferences -> Appearance and make Visual Effects to None.

Open System -> Administration -> Services and disable the services that you do not need (e.g. alsa-utils, bluetooth, brltty, hdparm, acpid, apmd, screen).

=== How to change the USplash Screen on startup/shutdown ===

When you add another Desktop Environment, the USplash screen may change (saying Kubuntu instead of Ubuntu). If you want to change it, do the following:
 
 sudo update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so

This will bring up a list of installed USplash screens.  Type the number that corresponds to the one you want and press Enter. Then type:

 sudo dpkg-reconfigure usplash

Then reboot.

== ''''' Guide Development ''''' ==

'' Note: This section was taken from the Feisty Guide and edited appropriately.''

Place ideas here to increase the look and performance of this guide.

* Add a new section for Gnome Themes from http://art.gnome.org and KDE Themes from http://www.kde-look.org/.
* Have entries under their headings in alphabetical order.
* Try to keep the guide neat and clutter free.
* Possible "Short Version" Table of contents without each "How to".
* Add a [top] link to the end of each article.
* If possible, include a 'find/search' function to easily access queries.
** This can be done in Firefox with <Ctrl>-F.
* instead of 'apt-get install', there could be the new Gutsy [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/apturl-protocol-handler-in-ubuntu-gutsy-gibbon.html apturl] feature for easier installation of software