个人工具
登录
查看“UbuntuHelp:Rsync”的源代码 - Ubuntu中文
UbuntuHelp
讨论
查看源代码
历史
搜索
导航
首页
最近更改
随机页面
页面分类
帮助
编辑
编辑指南
沙盒
新闻动态
字词处理
工具
链入页面
相关更改
特殊页面
页面信息
查看“UbuntuHelp:Rsync”的源代码
来自Ubuntu中文
←
UbuntuHelp:Rsync
跳转至:
导航
,
搜索
因为以下原因,你没有权限编辑本页:
您所请求的操作仅限于该用户组的用户使用:
用户
您可以查看与复制此页面的源代码。
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:rsync}} == Introduction == This article is a part of the [[UbuntuHelp:BackupYourSystem|BackupYourSystem]] series. Please consult it for more introductory information. '''rsync''' is the primary means of folder synchronization for linux machines. Folder synchronization, is a process whereby folders at two different locations are synchronized to have the same data. This synchronization is modified by rules, instructing rsync how to copy the data, for instance to delete files not located in original folder being synchronized. The two folders can be local attached to the same machine, or performed over the local network with [[UbuntuHelp:SSH|ssh]]. It is most useful for backing up large amounts of data that won't compress well, such as multimedia files. == rsync == === Installation === The program rsync is usually installed on Ubuntu, be sure to check all the listed packages are installed before starting. In the rare case when it is not on your system, [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware#installing-a-package|install the following packages]]: '''''[[UbuntuHelp:apt:rsync,xinetd,ssh|rsync xinetd ssh]]'''''. === Using rsync with SSH for a Simple Backup === For backup over a network, it is strongly recommended to use SSH. It is much easier to configure than the rsync daemon. Local backup only requires rsync and read/write access to the folders being synchronized. Below you will find examples of commands that can be used to backup in either case. It should be noted, that a network sync can be performed locally so long as the folder is shared (say by [[UbuntuHelp:SettingUpSamba|Samba]]) and then mounted to the machine with folder1. This process gets around having to use ssh but is less secure and should only be used in secure private networks, like at your home. '''Local Backup''' <pre><nowiki> sudo rsync -azvv /home/path/folder1/ /home/path/folder2 </nowiki></pre> '''Backup Over Network''' <pre><nowiki> sudo rsync --delete -azvv -e ssh /home/path/folder1/ remoteuser@remotehost.remotedomain:/home/path/folder2 </nowiki></pre> An explanation of above options to commands: *<code><nowiki>--delete</nowiki></code> deletes files that don't exist on the system being backed up.(Optional) *<code><nowiki>-a</nowiki></code> preserves the date and times, and permissions of the files (same as <code><nowiki>-rlptgoD</nowiki></code>). . With this option rsync will: . Descend recursively into all directories (<code><nowiki>-r</nowiki></code>), . copy symlinks as symlinks (<code><nowiki>-l</nowiki></code>), . preserve file permissions (<code><nowiki>-p</nowiki></code>), . preserve modification times (<code><nowiki>-t</nowiki></code>), . preserve groups (<code><nowiki>-g</nowiki></code>), . preserve file ownership (<code><nowiki>-o</nowiki></code>), and . preserve devices as devices (<code><nowiki>-D</nowiki></code>). *<code><nowiki>-z</nowiki></code> compresses the data *<code><nowiki>-vv</nowiki></code> increases the verbosity of the reporting process *<code><nowiki>-e</nowiki></code> specifies remote shell to use *<code><nowiki>/folder1 and folder2</nowiki></code> In the examples above, folder1 and 2 are placeholders for the directories to be synchronized. Folder1 is the original folder, and 2 is the new folder, or existing one to be brought in sync with the first. Replace them with the folders you'd like. A / was added after folder1 so that only the contents, rather than whole folder, would be moved into the second. A complete synopsis of all the options with the rsync command can be found in the man pages under "Options Summary". The man page for rsync can also be found on [http://linux.die.net/man/1/rsync linux.die.net] Rsync has a graphical UI that simplifies configuration for new users, please consult the [[UbuntuHelp:rsync#grsync|grsync]] section below. [[UbuntuHelp:rsync#Alternatives|Alternatives]] are listed at the end. === Configuration of the rsync Daemon === It is strongly recommended to use ssh, this method is retained for those who for whatever reason cannot manage the above. It is more complicated and involves more steps, please pay attention. 1. Edit the file <code><nowiki>/etc/default/rsync</nowiki></code> to start rsync as daemon using xinetd. The entry listed below, should be changed from false to inetd. <pre><nowiki> RSYNC_ENABLE=inetd </nowiki></pre> 2. Create the file <code><nowiki>/etc/xinetd.d/rsync</nowiki></code> to launch rsync via xinetd. It should contain the following lines of text. <pre><nowiki> service rsync { disable = no socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/bin/rsync server_args = --daemon log_on_failure += USERID } </nowiki></pre> 3. Create the file <code><nowiki>/etc/rsyncd.conf</nowiki></code> configuration for rsync in daemon mode. The file should contain the following. In the file, '''user''' should be replaced with the name of user on the remote machine being logged into. <pre><nowiki> max connections = 2 log file = /var/log/rsync.log timeout = 300 [share] comment = Public Share path = /home/share read only = no list = yes uid = nobody gid = nogroup auth users = user secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets </nowiki></pre> 4. Create ''/etc/rsyncd.secrets'' for user's password. User should be the same as above, with password the one used to log into the remote machine as the indicated user. <pre><nowiki> $ sudo vim /etc/rsyncd.secrets user:password </nowiki></pre> 5. This step sets the file permissions for rsyncd.secrets. <pre><nowiki> $ sudo chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets </nowiki></pre> 6. Start/Restart xinetd <pre><nowiki> $ sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart </nowiki></pre> === Testing === Run the following command to check if everything is ok. The output listed is just a sample, should be what is on your shared remote machine. Hostname can be replaced by the IP address of the machine. <pre><nowiki> $ sudo rsync user@hostname::share Password: drwxr-xr-x 4096 2006/12/13 09:41:59 . drwxr-xr-x 4096 2006/11/23 18:00:03 folders </nowiki></pre> == grsync == The program grsync is a GUI front for rsync. The simple interface of the GUI exposes many of the basic options usable with rsync and is useful for those not wishing to use the command line. === Installation === The program grsync does not come installed by default on Ubuntu or any other distrubtion but it is easily available from the main [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories]]. To get grsync ensure '''Universe''' section of the Ubuntu repositories is enabled in your [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu|Software Sources|Repositories/Ubuntu|Software Sources]]. Then to install this software in Ubuntu, [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware#installing-a-package|install the following package]]: '''''[[UbuntuHelp:apt:grsync|grsync]]'''''. === Configuration === To start up grsync go through the following menus: Applications --> System Tools --> grsync. Upon start up you'll be presented with the main window, where all the configuration takes place. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=grsyn1.png On this window are all of the options most users will ever need. To explain, the options will be listed and their effects mentioned. * '''Sessions''' - This function is the same as profiles in others. Each session will store a different set of source and destination directories, as well as the configuration options associated with the folder pair. This allows for the synchronization of different sets of folders according to different options. * Management of sessions is simple, simply push the '''Add''' button to add a new one. To delete, select the session you no longer want from the drop down and push '''Delete'''. * '''Source and Destination''' - These two boxes list the two folders (technically referred to as directories) that will be synchronized. The top one is the '''Source''' and the bottom the '''Destination'''. So when you '''Execute''' the synchronization, the files from Source will be copied over to the Destination according to the options a user selects. * To specify the directories either '''Browse''' for them from the GUI or type them in according to the standard path conventions. * '''Switch''' - The universal reload sign located to the right of the '''Browse''' buttons is a handy button. It will instantly switch the '''Source''' with the '''Destination'''. * '''Import''' and '''Export''' - After having configured sessions, a user may want to back them up for storage. To do so, simply go to the Sessions Menu at the top and select either '''Import''' or '''Export'''. The former will restore a session from a backup previously made, the latter will make a backup of the current session. * Note: This backup function works on a <u>per session</u> basis. This means, each session you want to back up must be selected from the drop down and then backed up. If you have 3 different sessions, select each in turn and '''Export''' them. Same when importing sessions. * '''Basic Options''' - Most users will find most of the options they will ever need here. The first four will preserve the properties of the files transferred. The others will modify how the files are copied. For more information on what each does specifically, hover your stationary cursor over the option and it will display a small explanation. The options checked are of course the ones that will be applied during the session. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=grsyn2.png * '''Advanced Options''' - This tab holds more options, many are useful and self-explanitory. For those not understood, tooltips will be displayed when the mouse remains over an option long enough. * '''Additional Options''' - This entry box allows the input of additional options not presented in the GUI but known to the user. Use is suggested only for experienced users, inputting malformed options may have unexpected consequences. === Simulation and Execution === The last two buttons on the window are '''Simulation''' and '''Execute'''. The button for simulation is very useful when uncertain what will happen based on the options selected. The normal transfer dialog screen will pop up and in the main pane, a list of files that would have been copied over is listed. The user can then verify if this is as desired or make changes. Once the session is initiated with the '''Execute''' button, the dialog will appear again but this time it will actually process the folders accordingly. Ensure before pushing '''Execute''' that you are happy with the simulation. === Remote Backup === Backup over a network is possible, preferably the user should mount the network share to be backed up to prior to launching the program. The share would then be listed in the Browse GUI and could easily be added. There is no separate section for network, if more advanced features are required the user is encouraged to look at alternatives, of which there are many. === Alternatives === There are many alternatives, in various stages of development. For an incomplete list, see [http://www.debianadmin.com/rsync-backup-web-interfacefrontend-or-gui-tools.html here]. ---- [[category:CategoryBackupRecovery]] [[category:CategoryCommandLine]] [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
该页面使用的模板:
模板:From
(
查看源代码
)
模板:Languages
(
查看源代码
)(受保护)
模板:Languages/Lang
(
查看源代码
)(受保护)
返回至
UbuntuHelp:Rsync
。