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动态主机配置协议 (DHCP)

动态主机配置协议 (DHCP) 是一种网络服务,它能使电脑从一个服务器上自动获取网络配置。当电脑设置为DHCP客户端时,能从DHCP服务器自动获取配置信息,这种配置对于用户来说是透明的。

安装

在终端,输入以下命令安装dhcpd:

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server

你可能需要编辑默认的配置文件/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf来适应你特定的配置。你还需要编辑/etc/default/dhcp3-server以便让dhcpd去侦听一个网络接口。默认是侦听的是 eth0.

配置

安装结束后的错误信息会有一点莫明其妙,但是以下步骤将会有助于你配置这个服务: 一般地,你需要做的是随机分配IP。下面是设置:

nano -w /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
# Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
# (add your comments here) 
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option routers 192.168.1.254;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2;
option domain-name "mydomain.example";

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;
range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;
} 

这个的效果是DHCP服务器给客户端分配的IP范围为192.168.1.10-192.168.1.100或192.168.1.150-192.168.1.200。如果客户端没有请求特定的时间帧那么将会租用IP 600秒.否则最大将租用72000秒。服务器将建议客户端使用子网掩码255.255.255.0,广播地址192.168.1.255,网关192.168.1.254,DNS服务器192.168.1.1 和 192.168.1.2。 如果你需要给你的Windows客户端指定一个WINS服务器,你需要包含netbios-name-servers选项,如:

nano -w /etc/default/dhcp3-server
option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1; 

dhcp3-server 和 多个网络接口

多个网络接口例子

网络接口

nano -w /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

mapping hotplug
        script grep
        map eth1

iface eth1 inet dhcp

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.152.187.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0

auto wlan0
  iface wlan0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    up     /sbin/iwconfig wlan0 mode TTTTTT && /sbin/iwconfig wlan0 enc
restricted && /sbin/iwconfig wlan0 key [Y] XXXXXXXX && /sbin/iwconfig
wlan0 essid SSSSSSSS

auto eth1

选择网络接口

nano -w /etc/default/dhcp3-server
INTERFACES="wlan0 eth0"

配置子网

nano -w /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style none;
log-facility local7;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        option routers                  192.168.1.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option broadcast-address        192.168.1.255;
	option domain-name-servers      194.168.4.100;
        option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;
        option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;
        option netbios-node-type 2;
        default-lease-time 86400;
        max-lease-time 86400;

        host bla1 {
                hardware ethernet DD:GH:DF:E5:F7:D7;
                fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
        }
        host bla2 {
                hardware ethernet 00:JJ:YU:38:AC:45;
                fixed-address 192.168.1.20;
        }
}

subnet  10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        option routers                  10.152.187.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option broadcast-address        10.152.187.255;
        option domain-name-servers      194.168.4.100;
        option ntp-servers              10.152.187.1;
        option netbios-name-servers     10.152.187.1;
        option netbios-node-type 2;

        default-lease-time 86400;
        max-lease-time 86400;

	host bla3 {
                hardware ethernet 00:KK:HD:66:55:9B;
                fixed-address 10.152.187.2;
        }
}

检查路由

route -n
Destination   Gateway      Genmask    Flags Metric  Ref Use  Iface
192.168.1.0   0.0.0.0   255.255.255.0   U     0      0   0   wlan0
82.16.TT.0    0.0.0.0   255.255.255.0   U     0      0   0   eth1
10.152.187.0  0.0.0.0   255.255.255.0   U     0      0   0   eth0
0.0.0.0       82.16.TT.UU  0.0.0.0      UG    0      0   0   eth1