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"Ripping" is the process of taking a CD and copying tracks from it onto your computer or portable music player. CD ripping is sometimes called 'CD extraction'.

CD Ripping 简介

本节简述了CD Ripping 是如何工作的，以及您翻录CD时的可选项。

工作机理

音乐在CD中被储存为一种非压缩的格式。这意味着，虽然一CD音质非常高，但大量的存储空间只储存了几条音轨。一张700MB的光盘只能存储80分钟的未压缩音乐，而且未压缩的音乐复制到电脑的硬盘驱动器将占用很大的存储容量。 但如果是压缩音乐，其占用空间将少得多，使之更合适在计算机或便携式音乐播放器中存储。压缩的方法影响音质以及在计算机上所产生的文件的大小。一般来说，您的文件越小，音质越差。 无损压缩是一种在不损失音质的前提先压缩音乐文件的方法。然而，由此产生的文件仍往往是相当大。 有损压缩降低了音质，但可以得到更小的文件。有损压缩是非常常用，且只要选择一个足够高的质量设置，多数人无法分辨压缩和非压缩的声音。 编码解码器(codec)（ coder:co是编码器coder的前两个字母 / decoder:dec是解码器decoder的前三个字母）是一种软件，该软件将声音从一种格式转换到另一种格式。编码解码器还可以播放您的计算机上该格式的音乐。有些编码解码器可自由使用，但对于专有专利编码解码器，必须购买或获取许可。默认情况下，Ubuntu只使用自由/开放的编码解码器，如Ogg编解码器，当然你也可以选择安装非自由编解码器。参见 FreeFormats和 RestrictedFormats获取更多信息。 当您rip一张CD，CD上的每个轨道转换为您选择的格式，并保存为对您计算机中文件。由于一张CD意味着大量必须转换的数据，抓取过程可能需要您的计算机花一段时间才能完成。一旦音轨被抓取到您的计算机，您可以使用音乐播放程序欣赏他们。

音乐文件格式

有许多不同的文件格式可供存储您的音乐，各有其优缺点。以下列出了可以在Ubuntu下使用的常见格式：

  • Ogg Vorbis -一种开放的，在Ubuntu下得到良好支持的有损压缩音频格式。见http://vorbis.com/以获取更多信息。
  • FLAC -一个流行的开放的无损音频格式。见http://flac.sourceforge.net/以获取更多信息。
  • MP3 -最常用的音乐格式，得到大多数便携式音乐播放器的支持。MP3是一种专利格式。
  • AAC格式 -流行的苹果iPod音乐播放器所使用的格式。AAC是专利格式。

参见 FreeFormats和 RestrictedFormats以获取更多信息。 您对格式的选择可能会取决于你的个人喜好，您是否已拥有一些特定格式的音乐，且为您所拥有的音乐播放器支持。

歌曲名称和元数据

当您翻录音乐到计算机上时，附加信息（称为元数据 或跟踪数据 ）可被存储在里面。许多压缩音频格式的支持'tags'，通过这个简单的标签你可以表示歌曲来的流派，哪个艺术家演出的曲目等。许多CD撷取应用程序能够从互联网自动检索曲目和专辑名称的信息并自动适用于这些歌曲。

Ubuntu Default CD Ripping Software

To rip a CD, you will require a suitable CD-ripping application. One is installed by default on Ubuntu, and there are others available through Ubuntu's software channels.

Sound Juicer

Sound Juicer is Ubuntu's default CD-ripping application, and also has the ability to play your CDs and download track data from the Internet. CDRipping?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=sound-juicer.png To rip a CD using Sound Juicer, simply insert an audio CD; Sound Juicer should start automatically. Alternatively, you can select Sound Juicer from Applications --> Sound & Video --> Sound Juicer CD Extractor. By default, the CD will be encoded into the Ogg``Vorbis format, a Free Format. If you wish to rip a CD to a non-free format such as MP3 or AAC, you will need to install some additional software.

Installing Additional Audio Formats

This section provides instructions on how to enable support for audio formats not installed by default in Ubuntu.

MP3 Encoding
CDRipping?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=mp3-profile.png

If you live in a country where it is legal to use this format, to encode MP3s, you can use Sound Juicer which uses gstreamer and the LAME mp3 encoder. The following should also work with other programs that use gstreamer:

  1. Enable the universe and multiverse repositories. Then, install the gstreamer0.8-lame package to encode mp3s, and the gstreamer0.8-mad package to play them back (in Ubuntu 5.10). For Ubuntu 6.06, you will need to install the package gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
  2. Open Sound Juicer, click "Preferences" from the "Edit Menu", click "Edit Profiles" and choose "New". Call your new profile "MP3 Encoding", or whatever else you feel like.
  3. Edit this profile and set Gstreamerpipeline to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc bitrate=160 ! id3v2mux (The last number specifies the quality of the file, a larger number means better quality, but larger file size. Optionally, you can change 160 to something else (e.g. 192, 256) if you want a specific (constant) bitrate other than the default of 160).
  4. If you are using Ubuntu 6.06 and above, you should use the "--preset standard", which will give you very high quality files. The Gstreamer pipline should be set to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc preset=1001 ! xingmux ! id3v2mux
  5. Finally, set File Extension to mp3, click the Active checkbox and then OK.
  6. Restart Sound Juicer for the changes to take effect.
AAC Encoding

If you live in a country where it is legal to use this format, to encode AAC files, you can use Sound Juicer which uses gstreamer and the FAAC encoder. The following should also work with other programs that use gstreamer:

  1. Enable the universe and multiverse repositories. Then, install the gstreamer0.8-faac and gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg packages to encode AAC files, and the gstreamer0.8-mad package to play them back.
  2. Open Sound Juicer, click "Preferences" from the "Edit Menu", click "Edit Profiles" and choose "New". Call your new profile "AAC Encoding", or whatever else you feel like.
  3. Edit this profile and set Gstreamerpipeline to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! faac ! ffmux_mp4.
  4. Finally, set File Extension to m4a, click the Active checkbox and then OK.
  5. Restart Sound Juicer for the changes to take effect.

For a full explanation of all of the options that faac takes, run gst-inspect faac|less in the Terminal and look at the end under "Element Properties".

Kubuntu Default CD Ripping Software

There are two methods of ripping an Audio CD in a default installation of Kubuntu. One is using Konqueror's audiocd:/ KIO-slave and the other is KaudioCreator (KMenu->Multimedia->KaudioCreator). On inserting the Audio CD, you should be presented with the KDE Audio CD Daemon asking you what you wish to do. To use the KIO-slave method (which is relatively easier), select the 'Open in a new Window' option. Or, if you prefer using KAudioCreator, select the Extract and Encode Audio tracks option.

Using audiocd:/ to rip a CD

In Konqueror's location bar, type audiocd:/ and press enter. You should now see the tracks in the CD along with folders named Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, MP3 etc. Click on the folder which corresponds to the format in which you wish to encode, eg. Ogg Vorbis. CDRipping?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=audiocd1.png Now, copy the tracks that you need from that folder and paste it in the desired location (/home/kubuntu in the example). The tracks are automagically ripped, encoded and copied to the location you specified! CDRipping?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=copying.png Note: Copying speeds might not be as fast as those achieved when copying a file directly from the CD as the files are also being ripped and encoded. If you wish to modify some of the settings (like editing the tagging sytax or modifying the encoding settings), you can access it either through System Settings (KMenu->System Settings->Sound and Multimedia->Audio CD) or through KDE Control Center (kcontrol). CDRipping?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=settings1-1.png

Using KAudioCreator

Launch KaudioCreator (Kmenu->Multimedia->KaudioCreator). It should automatically display the tracks in the disc. You can modify the settings to suit your needs (Settings->Configure KaudioCreator), and also choose an encoder. Click on the Rip Selection icon to start the Ripping and encoding process.

Installing Additional Audio Formats

MP3 Encoding

MP3 support is not included in Kubuntu by default (see RestrictedFormats for more information). However, if you wish to encode tracks in this format, you will need to install the lame package which can be found in the multiverse repository (see Adding/Enabling Repositories for more information).

Other CD Ripping Software

In alphabetical order.

ABCDE

Those who want a no-nosense, fast, customizable ripping solution should try ABCDE. And example conversion from CD to AAC/MP4: 

abcde -a cddb,read,encode,tag,move,playlist,clean -d /dev/cdrom -o m4a -V -x

Grip

I have been using Grip untill Edgy. It's very easy to use but still very configurable.

RubyRipper

RubyRipper has been recommended in many forum threads and seems to be one of Linux's best ripping solutions. Also, many feel the closest to EAC in quality of rips. RubyRipper is not included in the default Ubuntu install and is not included in any of the repositories. Therefore some hoops are required for a successful install. To install:

  • First follow the steps for RestrictedFormats. Not much point in ripping mp3s if your installation can't even play them.
  • Install dependant packages.
  • "cd-discid"
  • "cdparanoia"
  • "libglade2-ruby"? and all it's dependancies. RubyRipper's instructions ask for "ruby-libglade2" same thing?
  • "ruby1.8-dev" package (or whatever version of ruby you are using)? May not be necessary but it may have worked better when I tried it? Needs further testing.
  • "build-essential" package? May not be necessary but it may have worked better when I tried it? Needs further testing.
  • Install optional packages. (Depending on the codec you wish to use.)
  • FLAC
  • Lame
  • Vorbis
  • Then download Rubyripper: http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=1284&release_id=8282
  • See the README file for installation instructions or just type: make install
  • If Rubyripper doesn't start make sure the dependencies are ok. When launched from a terminal Rubyripper should now tell which dependency it's missing.

I'm currently working through these steps to install RubyRipper my self. Please consider this section a stub over the next few days while I work on it. (12/27/2006 aarons) Night, 12:18am back tomorrow night. (hopefully, def in next few days) to test and cleanup stub (12/27/2006 aarons) 12/29/2006 aarons update - I ran into a known problem when following these instructions. Some buttons wouldn't work and the terminal would give error messages. From the RubyRipper readme FAQ:

  • Q : My buttons don't react and give the following error in a terminal: warning: GRClosure invoking callback: already destroyed Callback error
  • A : Downgrade the ruby gtk bindings to a 0.14.* version. The bug is known by the ruby gtk bindings team and will be fixed in the >0.15.0 versions of the bindings.

I've asked for help on the Ubuntu forums: Problem with RubyRippper install. Can't find libglade2-ruby 0.14.*, gtk bindings?

Additional Resources

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:CDRipping/zh&oldid=135516”