老旧文章/StartingTheJourney

StartingTheJourney

原文出处：https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StartingTheJourney

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翻译人员：PoemCode hy48 MillenniumDark

校对人员：hy48 MillenniumDark

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= The Ubuntu Linux Background Guide: what do you need to know before you start?

Ubuntu Linux 背景指南：在开始之前需要知道哪些东西？

Abstract

摘要

Ubuntu is a new GNU/Linux derived operating system targetting the more user oriented, desktop application domain. As a such Ubuntu is aiming at being no hassle to install, heavily relying on autoconfiguration and detection of hardware as well as supporting many software and hardware out of the box, assuming the least allowed from its users. Although such a system greatly reduces the amount of knowledge and specific know how by a user, there is still a need to elaborate on its background and makeup, as well as discussing general linux terms and terminologies that apply directly to such a system. This guide aims at satisfying this need.

Ubuntu是一个新的GNU/Linux衍生操作系统，其目标是更多地以用户为本以及桌面应用。因此，ubuntu的目的是消除安装的困难，在很大程度上靠自动配置和自动探测硬件解决问题，无须用户了解底层的细节就能支持大量软硬件，尽可能使用户无需手动操作。尽管这样一个系统大大减少了用户需要掌握的知识和专门技能的数量，但是仍旧需要详细说明它的背景和组成，讨论直接应用于这个系统的一般linux术语。这个指南就是为了满足这一需要。

Preface

Welcome. I know you might be a seasoned Windows user by now, but you've heard about GNU/Linux wide spread , and I'm sure you are curious to explore what Ubuntu can give you as a such. If you've reached this page I assume you either heard the news about it and want to install and get it up and running although being not sure how to go about it. This guide aims to give you the very basics in theory you need to know, for later understand the hands on guides and some of the technical mumbo jumbo.

序言

欢迎。我知道到目前为止你可能是一个老练的windows用户，但是你已经听说过广泛流传的GNU/Linux,并且，我同样确信你好奇地想探索这样的ubuntu会带给你什么。既然你已经来到这个页面，那我假定你也听说了关于它的消息，并且想要安装、改进、运行它，但是又拿不准如何实施。这个指南就是为了告诉你需要知道的基础理论，理解指南的用法和一些谈论技术的胡言乱语。

If you're coming from Windows based operating systems, you would need to understand several concepts, philosophies and terminology which are quite different compared to where you just came from. However there is also quite a deal that these days is similar, so you've already got yourself a head start...

如果你是从windows系统而来，你需要了解一些概念、理念和术语，它们和你原来的系统有很大区别。然而，现在很多东西也是相似的了，所以你已经开了个好头了。

Plus, bear in mind that these days the same standards that drive linux are also the same ones upon which windows is currently based, so you already probably know more then you'd expect.

此外，记住，今时今日，那些驱动linux的不变的标准，Windows也普遍以其为基础，所以，你知道的很可能已经比你预计的多了。

Let me know if you'd like more things explained or have any suggestion how to improve this. Please let me know through the wiki, or mail the list at [email protected] with [doc] prefixing the subject line. You can also add those and to LinuxIntroWishes. for more urgent reponse, you might want to email me at [email protected] .

如果你希望更多东西得到解释，或者，你有任何改善这篇文章的建议，请告诉我。请通过维基（wiki）告知，或者发邮件到 [[email protected]] ——在主题里加上[doc]前缀。你也可以把这些加到LinuxIntroWishes。如果你急着得到回应，你或许想把邮件发到 [[email protected]]。（译者注：关于中文翻译的建议也可通过维基（wiki）告知，或者发邮件给MillenniumDark MailTo(weakish AT gmail DOT com)）

This is not going to be a "hands-on" guide. I will try my best discussing important ideas I think are neccesary for one to understand before starting up with Ubuntu. Even the installation process assumes you are already familiar with some terms. This tutorial aims at introducing you to them.

这不会成为一个手把手教你如何操作的指南。我尽力来讨论一些要领，我认为，这些要领在开始使用ubuntu之前很有必要了解。即使安装程序也假定你已经熟悉一些术语了。这份指南就是为了介绍它们。

Thinking in Linux

用linux的方式思考问题

It figures that before showing you how things are going to change for you in working with Ubuntu, you might benefit from learning where things are similar. Things like groups, users, ports and devices might sound familiar if you've used Windows NT through XP to some extent. If you havn't - don't worry, these would be explained more than just relying on you knowing them in advance.

有理由认为，在向你展示使用Ubuntu会如何改变状况之前，你也许能从了解相似之处中获益。如果你通过Wnidows XP在某种程度上用过Windows NT,那么像群组、用户、端口、设备之类的东西，你也许会觉得很耳熟。如果你没用过，也不用担心，对这些将作出的解释会比在只是假定你已经预先了解它们的基础上作出的解释详细。

Linux and Windows are multi-user operating systems

Linix和Windows是多用户操作系统

Having a multi-user operating system means that an arbitrary number (given enough memory and disk space) of users can log onto it, work and interact on a given system concurrently. Think of a timeshare unit you might have leased in the Alps, every week different person or group of people use the flat. Your computer system acts as the timeshare unit in our analogy, however the time periods are so much smaller, that none of the users are aware that other users are using the system. This is also an advantage over the timeshare unit, as you cannot (theoratically) share the same flat with another leaser of it. (they wouldn't agree to it, in most cases).

拥有一个多用户操作系统意味着任意数量（假定有足够的内存和磁盘空间）的用户可以同时在一个给定的系统上登录、使用以及交互。想象一下，你在阿尔卑斯山脉地区租赁一套分时单元房（timeshare unit），每个礼拜，不同的人使用这套单元房。类似的，你的电脑系统起着和分时单元房同样的作用，然而时间周期是如此短暂，以至于没有一个用户会意识到还有其他的用户正在使用这个系统。这是比分时单元房优越的地方，因为你不可能（理论上）和另一个承租人分享同一套单元房。（在大多数情况下，他们可不会同意的。）