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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:SynapticHowto}} {{Translator|robinjmmj}} {{Verifier|purewind}} '''Other Languages: ComoSynaptic, [http://wiki.ubuntu-ir.org/SynapticHowto Persian]''' === 新立得是什么? === '''新立得'''是Ubuntu的包管理工具 [http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto apt], 的图形化前端。它结合了图形界面的简单操作和 apt-get 命令行工具的强大功能。您可以使用新立得安装、删除、配置、升级软件包,对软件包列表进行浏览、排序、搜索以及管理软件仓库或者升级整个系统。您可以进行一些系列操作形成操作队列,并一起执行它们。新立得会提示您可能的依赖关系(您所选择的软件包所需的额外软件包)以及您所选择的软件包与系统中已经安装了的软件包的冲突。 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png 新立得在Kubuntu中的同类是 [http://web.mornfall.net/adept.html Adept]. 需要获得关于使用adept管理软件的信息,请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:AdeptHowto| Adept wiki page]]. 如果你更喜欢命令行的工具,请看考 [[UbuntuHelp:AptGetHowto| apt-get]] 的指南。 <br> === 启动 === <br> 要运行新立得,点击 '''系统''' > '''系统管理''' > '''新立得软件包管理器'''. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Synaptic-Package-Manager.png 如果想查看一个包的明细 '''在一个包上按右键 > 属性''' https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Screenshot-apt-Properties.png 新立得的主窗口分为三个部分:左边是一个包浏览器,右上方是包列表以及右下方的包详细信息。状态栏显示您的系统的总体状态。 <br> === 浏览软件包数据库 === 如果要按分类、类别、状态、自定义过滤器或者最近搜索来浏览软件包列表(巨大)。点击窗口左下角相应的按钮。您也可以自定义过滤器。关于过滤器的详细信息,请参考 [[UbuntuHelp:filters Filters]] 一节。 点击工具栏上的'''搜索'''(Search)以名称或者描述来搜索软件包: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=synaptic-find.png 您可以查看右下角面板上的一系列关于选定软件包的详细信息,例如大小、依赖关系、推荐或建议的额外软件包以及一段简短的描述。 <br> [[Anchor(filters)]] === 如何应用过滤器 === * 将要添加 <br> === Adding or Removing Software === <br> * '''To install a package''' ** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates. ** Right-click on the package and choose '''Mark for Installation''' from the context menu, or press '''Ctrl + I'''. If the package requires the installation of another package, a dialog box appears: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=synaptic-confirm-mk.png https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png Synaptic will warn you if your choices conflict with packages that are already installed on your system. If this is the case, the dialog box will show you any packages that need to be removed. If you are '''not sure''' you don't need the package(s) that will be removed, make sure you look up its function and use before you apply the changes you've made. ** Click '''Mark''' to allow the installation of the additional package(s). ** Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on '''Apply''' in the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. ** A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=synaptic-confirm-install.png ** Confirm the changes by clicking on '''Apply'''. <br> * '''To remove or 'completely remove' a package''' ** Right-click on the package and choose '''Mark for Removal''' from the context menu ** Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on '''Apply''' in the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. ** A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on '''Apply'''. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png The '''Mark for Complete Removal''' option instructs Synaptic to remove any configuration files associated with the package as well. <br> * '''To upgrade a package''' ** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates. ** Right-click on the package and choose '''Mark for Upgrade''' from the context menu, or press '''Ctrl + U'''. ** Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on '''Apply''' in the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. ** A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on '''Apply'''. <br> === Managing Repositories === You can manage the list of repositories or software channels from the Software Preferences Panel. To learn more about managing software channels in Ubuntu, see the [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu| Ubuntu Repositories wiki page]]. You can call up the software preferences panel from within Synaptic by selecting '''Repositories''' from the '''Settings''' menu. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png As a front-end to apt, Synaptic uses the system-wide list of software repositories file located at <pre><nowiki> /etc/apt/sources.list </nowiki></pre> For more on managing software channels, see the [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories| Repositories wiki page]]. <br> === Updating the Package List === Synaptic maintains a database of packages on your system in order to keep track of installed software. This list is checked against the software repositories to inform you of new packages or updates. Synaptic checks for new software packages when you launch Synaptic. It's a good idea to update the database from time to time while running Synaptic. In particular, you may want to do so if you have made changes to the list of software channels or if you have made changes to Synaptic's configuration. Just click on the '''Reload''' button or press '''Ctrl + R'''. <br> === How to keep your system up-to-date === Synaptic provides two methods for upgrading your system: * ''Smart Upgrade (Dist-Upgrade)'' -- ''recommended'' <br> The smart upgrade method tries to resolve package conflicts. This includes installing additional dependencies (required packages) if needed and preferring packages with higher priority. Smart Upgrade has the same effect as the ''apt-get dist-upgrade'' tool on the command line. * ''Default Upgrade'' <br> The default upgrade method marks upgrades of installed packages only. If the new version of a package depends on not installed packages or coflicts with an already installed package, it will not be upgraded. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png '''Dist-upgrade''' is the default upgrade method used by Synaptic. To change the upgrade method, choose '''Preferences''' from the '''Settings''' menu, then click on the '''General''' tab and adjust the '''System upgrade''' entry. * To upgrade your system with Synaptic: ** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates. ** Click '''Mark all Upgrades''' or press '''Ctrl + G'''. ** Click '''Apply''' on the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system. ** Click '''Apply''' to confirm the changes and go ahead with the upgrade. <br> https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=info.png Integration with '''Update-Manager''' Synaptic works hand-in-hand with '''Update-Manager''' to inform you about updates to the software installed on your system. If software or security updates are available, Update-Manager will display a pop-up message and an icon in the notification area on your GNOME desktop. To update your system, click on the notification icon, enter your password and click OK. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=update-notification.png https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=info.png You can change the frequency of update checks in the '''Software Preferences''' panel. Choose '''Repositories''' from the '''Settings''' menu, then click on the '''Internet Updates''' tab and adjust the ''Check for updates'' entry. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=synaptic-check4updates.png <br> === Locating software on your system === Synaptic can tell you about every file that belongs to a software package it knows about and show you where it is located on your system. Search the database for the software package you are interested in and select it in Synaptic's main window. Next, click on the ''Installed Files'' tab to see a list of all files and where they are. <br> === View the Changelog of a Package === https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png Applies to native Debian ('''.deb''') packages only You can view the changelog of a package with Synaptic. Select a package, then choose '''Download Changelog''' from the '''Package''' menu. <br> === View History === You can easily keep track of all changes made to your system's software configuration. To view the history log file, choose ''History'' from the ''File'' menu. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png The history log only shows changes made with Synaptic. <br> === How to force the installation of a package version === https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=eyes.png ''To be added: Why you would (and would not) want to force a specific version'' * To force the installation of a package different from the one chosen by Synaptic, do the following: *** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates. *** Select the package. Choose '''Force Version''' from the '''Package''' menu. *** Select the version you would like to use. To confirm your decision, click '''Force'''. *** Click '''Apply''' on the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system. To confirm, press '''Apply'''. <br> === How to fix broken packages === https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=warning.png 'Broken packages' are packages that have unsatisfied dependencies. If broken packages are detected, Synaptic will not allow any further changes to the system until all broken packages have been fixed. * '''To fix broken packages''' ** Choose '''Edit''' > '''Fix Broken Packages''' from the menu. ** Choose '''Apply Marked Changes''' from the '''Edit''' menu or press '''Ctrl + P'''. ** Confirm the summary of changes and click '''Apply'''. <br> [[Anchor(statusicons)]] === Status Icons === The following icons are used to indicate the status of a package in the package list: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=synaptic-icon-legend.png <br> === Keyboard shortcuts for Synaptic === <br> {|border="1" cellspacing="0" |<tablestyle="font-size: 0.9em; background:#f1f1ed; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.5em;" rowbgcolor="#dde3e7" tablewidth="80%"> '''Command''' ||<:> '''Key Combination''' |- | Update the list of available packages ||<:> '''Ctrl + R''' |- | Open the package search dialog ||<:> '''Ctrl + F''' |- | Show the Properties window for the selected package ||<:> '''Ctrl + O''' |- | Mark the selected package(s) for installation ||<:> '''Ctrl + I''' |- | Mark the selected package(s) for upgrade ||<:> '''Ctrl + U''' |- | Mark the selected package(s) for removal ||<:> '''Delete''' |- | Mark the selected package(s) for complete removal ||<:> '''Shift + Delete''' |- | Unmark any changes to packages ||<:> '''Ctrl + N''' |- | Mark all possible upgrades ||<:> '''Ctrl + G''' |- | Force the installation of a specific version of the package ||<:> '''Ctrl + E''' |- | Undo the last change ||<:> '''Ctrl + Z''' |- | Redo the last change ||<:> '''Ctrl + Shift + Z''' |- | Apply all marked changes ||<:> '''Ctrl + P''' |- | Quit Synaptic ||<:> '''Ctrl + Q''' |} <br> === How to free disk space === Settings | Preferences | FIles | Delete downloaded packages after installation then click Delete Cached Package Files I just increased my disk space from 33M to 1G ! === Troubleshooting === * What to do if an installation process fails and you find it is no longer possible to install or remove packages: ** Open a Terminal and type the following at the command line: <pre><nowiki> apt-get install -f </nowiki></pre> Then press '''Return'''. * Browser works, Synaptic will not ''(note: probably inaccurate or outdated)'' ** If the router is set to auto discover DNS then Synaptic will fail. Resolve this by setting up a static ip address and manually set DNS ip in router. Now Ubuntu (system-administration-networking) config static ip and enter your ISP dns ip and delete router DNS ip which will look something like 192.168.1.1 <br> === See also === * [http://www.debianadmin.com/simple-package-management-with-synaptic-package-manager-in-ubuntu.html Complete Detailed Step By Step Guide how to Use Synaptic Package Manager with Screenshots] * [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkg_basics Basics of the Debian Package Management System] * [http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto Debian Apt User Manual] * [http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/ Synaptic home page] * [http://dabar.selfip.org/synaptic.html A Synaptic tutorial] based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) * [http://www.debianuniverse.com/readonline/chapter/06 Point-n-Click Software Management with Synaptic] (Debian Universe) * [[UbuntuHelp:AptGetHowto| The apt-get wiki page]] * [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu| Managing Repositories in Ubuntu]] * [http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt An introduction to SecureApt] on the Debian Wiki * [[UbuntuHelp:SoftwareManagement| Software Management wiki page]] <br> ---- [[category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
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