UbuntuHelp:RecoveringUbuntuAfterInstallingWindows/zh
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目录
Using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD
Please choose one of the following options:
Using the Desktop/LiveCD while preserving Windows Bootloader
Don't forget that this method, as described, puts GRUB back on the MBR (master boot record) of the hard drive instead of in the root parititon. This is fine for most people, but not if you already have an alternative boot manager.
In other words, if you use something like Boot Magic or System Commander, the commands you've just read will overwrite what you've got.
If you've installed GRUB into the Root Partition instead of the MBR, the commands are a little different. Here's are the instructions that I have for my system:
How to Restore the Grub Menu after a Re-Ghosting:
1. Boot from a Live CD, like Ubuntu Live, Knoppix, Mepis, or similar.
2. Open a Terminal. Open a root terminal (that is, type "su" in a non-Ubuntu distro, or "sudo -i" in Ubuntu). Enter root passwords as necessary.
3. Type "grub" which makes a GRUB prompt appear.
4. Type "find /boot/grub/stage1". You'll get a response like "(hd0)" or in my case "(hd0,3)". Use whatever your computer spits out for the following lines.
5. Type "root (hd0,3)".
6. Type "setup (hd0,3)". This is key. Other instructions say to use "(hd0)", and that's fine if you want to write GRUB to the MBR. If you want to write it to your linux root partition, then you want the number after the comma, such as "(hd0,3)".
7. Type "quit".
8. Restart the system. Remove the bootable CD.
From: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=121355&postcount=5
Using the Desktop/LiveCD and Overwriting the Windows bootloader
Boot from a Live CD and open a terminal. You'll need to run a few commands as root so you can use sudo -i to get a root shell and run them normally instead of using sudo on each of them. Be extra careful when running a root shell, especially for typos !
We'll need to find which partition your Ubuntu system is installed on. Type the command fdisk -l. It will output a list of all your partitions, for example :
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders Units == cylinders of 16065 * 512 == 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 8 64228+ 83 Linux /dev/hda2 9 1224 9767520 83 Linux /dev/hda3 * 1225 2440 9767520 a5 FreeBSD /dev/hda4 2441 14593 97618972+ 5 Extended /dev/hda5 14532 14593 498015 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/hda6 2441 14530 97112862 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order
Here I have three Linux partitions. /dev/hda2 is my root partition, /dev/hda1 is my /boot partition and /dev/hda6 is my /home partitoins. If you only have one, obviously this is the one your Ubuntu system is installed on. If you have more than one and you don't know which one your Ubuntu is installed on, we'll look for it later. First, create a mountpoint for your partition, for example :
mkdir /mnt/root
Then mount your partition in it. If you don't know which one it is, then mount any of them, we'll se if it's the correct one.
mount -t ext3 /dev/hda2 /mnt/root
Of course, replace /dev/hda2 with the correct name of your partition. You can check if it's the correct one by running ls /mnt/root, which should output something like this :
bin dev home lib mnt root srv usr boot etc initrd lib64 opt sbin sys var cdrom initrd.img media proc selinux tmp vmlinuz
If what you have looks not at all like this, you didn't mount the correct partition. Do umount /mnt/root to unmount it and try another one. You also need to mount your /boot partition if you made one, like this :
mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/root/boot
To make sure it was the correct one, run ls /mnt/root/boot, which sould output something like this :
config-2.6.18-3-686 initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686.bak System.map-2.6.18-3-686 grub lost+found vmlinuz-2.6.18-3-686 initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686 memtest86+.bin
Once again, if what you have doesn't fit, unmount it and try another partition.
Now that everything is mounted, we just need to reinstall GRUB :
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/root /dev/hda
If you got BIOS warnings try:
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/root /dev/hda -recheck
Of course, replace /dev/hda with the location you want to install GRUB on. If all went well, you should see something like this :
Installation finished. No error reported. This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map. Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'. (hd0) /dev/hda
Now you can reboot and the GRUB menu should appear. If you see a warning message regarding XFS filesystem, you can ignore it.
Not using the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD
You could have to run "grub" not from the Ubuntu Desktop/Live CD, but from your disk installation to make it work. To do this mount your root partition (following examples assume a root partition on hda1):
sudo mkdir /mnt/linux sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/linux
then change directory to your installation sbin and run grub from there
cd /mnt/linux/sbin sudo ./grub