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查看“UbuntuHelp:BackupPC”的源代码
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupPC}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:BackupPC}} == 序言 == BackupPC是一个免费的备份软件与基于Web的前端。可跨平台运行于任何Linux , Solaris操作系统或Unix服务器。没有客户端不是必然的,作为服务器本身就是一个客户端的一些协议,是处理其他服务本地的客户端的操作系统。 === 备份方法 === 从客户端备份数据的三种方法如下: SMB (服务器消息块) tar (磁带存档) rsync (文件传输程序的Unix系统) {|border="1" cellspacing="0" |||WinXX||Linux/Unix/MacOSX |- |smb||*|| |- |rsync||* 1.||* |- |tar|| ||* |} <ol><li>1 rsync / cygwin软件需要安装在客户端 备份windows系统最简单的方法就是“SMB”协议。详见BackupPC手册</li></ol> === 配置 === 要配置BackupPC有3个选择: Web浏览器(最简单) 文本编辑器(超级用户) 两者结合(平衡) 注: BackupPC用户手册是最重要的“文本”的基础。 === BackupPC的配置文件 === BackupPC的配置文件中的` / etc / backuppc directory` 。最重要的两个文件是` / etc / backuppc / config.pl `和` / etc / backuppc /hosts` 。您现在应该打开它们并且熟悉所有的配置选项。这两个文件有大量注释和评论,所以当你看到他们你也就应该明白他们能坐什么了。例如,在` / etc / backuppc / config.pl 你可以自定义BackupPC如何以及何时备份,完全备份或者是增量备份,有多少日志文件等。 <pre><nowiki> nano -w /etc/backuppc/config.pl </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> nano -w /etc/backuppc/hosts </nowiki></pre> == 安装 == <pre><nowiki> sudo apt-get install backuppc </nowiki></pre> == Add Hosts == To add a client (Hoist) to BackupPC, we must add it to `/etc/backuppc/hosts`. That file has the following format: <pre><nowiki> host dhcp user moreUsers hostname1 0 user1 anotheruser,athirduser hostname2 1 user2 stillanotheruser </nowiki></pre> The first column contains the hostname/NetBIOS name of the client (e.g. `hostname1`), the second column whether the client is configured through DHCP, the third column contains a user that is allowed to log into the BackupPC web interface to manage that backup client, and the fourth (optional) column contains additional users that can do the same. === Browse Network === '''smbtree''' is a smb browser program in text mode. It is similar to the "Network Neighborhood" found on Windows computers. It prints a tree with all the known domains, the servers in those domains and the shares on the servers. <pre><nowiki> smbtree -b Password: </nowiki></pre> Don't enter a password, hit enter <pre><nowiki> WORKGROUP \\BACKUP backup server (Samba, Ubuntu) \\BACKUP\IPC$ IPC Service (backup server (Samba, Ubuntu)) \\BACKUP\print$ Printer Drivers \\AMD6000 cli_rpc_pipe_open: cli_nt_create failed on pipe \srvsvc to machine AMD6000. Error was NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED </nowiki></pre> Your network will differ, '''BACKUP''' is the name of our '''BackupPC server''', '''AMD6000''' is the name of our Windows Vista PC we want to back up. Although `AMD6000` is configured through DHCP, dhcp should only be set to 1 if the following tests fail: <pre><nowiki> nmblookup AMD6000 </nowiki></pre> If the test is successful, it should display `AMD6000` current IP address: <pre><nowiki> querying amd6000 on 192.168.0.255 192.168.0.50 amd6000<00> </nowiki></pre> Now that you know `AMD6000` current IP address, run the same test in the other direction: <pre><nowiki> nmblookup -A 192.168.0.50 </nowiki></pre> If successful, the output should look like this: <pre><nowiki> Looking up status of 192.168.0.50 AMD6000 <00> - B <ACTIVE> WORKGROUP <00> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> AMD6000 <20> - B <ACTIVE> WORKGROUP <1e> - <GROUP> B <ACTIVE> MAC Address = 00-1A-92-B0-4C-63 </nowiki></pre> Both tests were successful, so we can set `dhcp` to 0, and we put `AMD6000 0 user` into `/etc/backuppc/hosts` and comment out the `localhost` line: <pre><nowiki> nano -w /etc/backuppc/hosts </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> [...] AMD6000 0 user #localhost 0 backuppc </nowiki></pre> If the tests had not been successful, we would have put `AMD6000 1 user` into `/etc/backuppc/hosts` instead, and in addition to that we would have had to change the variable `$Conf{DHCPAddressRanges}` in `/etc/backuppc/config.pl`. We have added the user user to the hosts file. That's the system user whom BackupPC will send email reports regarding `AMD6000`, so we should create that user on the BackupPC server now: <pre><nowiki> useradd -m user passwd user </nowiki></pre> In addition to that we must create a password for ''user'' for the BackupPC web interface: <pre><nowiki> htpasswd /etc/backuppc/htpasswd user </nowiki></pre> (If you like you can now open a second browser and log in as `user` on `http://192.168.0.51/backuppc/`.) == Backup Linux Client (rsync) == Now we must edit /etc/backuppc/config.pl. The backup method for AMD6000 will be '''rsync''', so we set $Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsync';. AMD6000 has just one (big) partition (/), so we set $Conf{RsyncShareName} == '/';. If you have multiple partitions to backup, you'd specify something like $Conf{RsyncShareName} == ['/', '/var', '/data', '/boot']; instead. rsync will be tunneled through SSH (port 22). SSH needs to know the hostname or IP address of the client. Unless you have a DNS server that resolves AMD6000 to its IP address, SSH will not be able to resolve the name AMD6000. Therefore we replace $host with $hostIP in $Conf{RsyncClientCmd} and $Conf{RsyncClientRestoreCmd}. <pre><nowiki> nano -w /etc/backuppc/config.pl </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> [...] $Conf{XferMethod} = 'rsync'; $Conf{RsyncClientPath} = '/usr/bin/rsync'; $Conf{RsyncClientCmd} = '$sshPath -q -x -l root $hostIP $rsyncPath $argList+'; $Conf{RsyncClientRestoreCmd} = '$sshPath -q -x -l root $hostIP $rsyncPath $argList+'; $Conf{RsyncShareName} = '/'; #$Conf{RsyncShareName} = ['/', '/var', '/data', '/boot']; [...] </nowiki></pre> (You might wonder now how we can specify options for multiple clients because the options for notebook will be different from those for AMD6000. It works like this: the options in /etc/backuppc/config.pl are global values that are valid for all clients unless they have their onw configuration file in /etc/backuppc, named after their hostname. So for notebook we will create /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl, and it will contain only the values that are different from the ones in /etc/backuppc/config.pl. In fact, we could have created /etc/backuppc/falko-desktop.pl for falko-desktop instead of modifying /etc/backuppc/config.pl.) === Enable settings === Next restart BackupPC: <pre><nowiki> /etc/init.d/backuppc restart </nowiki></pre> == Backup Windows Client (smb) == To make backups of Windows systems using smb, we must share the folder that we want to back up. In this case I want to backup the whole C: drive, so I right-click on it in the Windows Explorer and go to Sharing. As share name I specify C. Next, on server1.example.com, I add a line for notebook to /etc/backuppc/hosts (I do this as root). In this case I use ''user'' again as the user. If you use a different username than before, make sure you create it on the system and for the BackupPC web interface, as shown in chapter 5. <pre><nowiki> vi /etc/backuppc/hosts </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> [...] AMD6000 0 user notebook 0 user #localhost 0 backuppc </nowiki></pre> Then create the file /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl and add all options that are different from the ones in /etc/backuppc/config.pl. In this case we add $Conf{XferMethod} == 'smb';. Our share name is C, so we put $Conf{SmbShareName} == 'C'; into it as well as the username and password for the Windows share: <pre><nowiki> nano -w /etc/backuppc/notebook.pl </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> $Conf{SmbShareName} = 'C'; $Conf{SmbShareUserName} = 'username'; $Conf{SmbSharePasswd} = 'password'; $Conf{XferMethod} = 'smb'; </nowiki></pre> === Enable Settings === Then restart BackupPC: <pre><nowiki> /etc/init.d/backuppc restart </nowiki></pre> Then reload the BackupPC web interface again. You should now find notebook in the list of clients: You can start the first backup of notebook manually or wait until BackupPC starts it: == Backup Linux Clients (tar) == BackupPC is a great backup program for an Ubuntu server. However, backing up Ubuntu client machines doesn’t work “out of the box” due to Ubuntu’s lack of a root account. The following describes how to make BackupPC work with Ubuntu's sudo implementation. By adding sudo to the TAR commands in /etc/backuppc/config.pl and adding backuppc to the sudoers list, you’re able to perform both backups and restores directly from the web-based interface. === Modify /etc/backuppc/config.pl === *Run “sudo gedit /etc/backuppc/config.pl” *Add sudo to the TAR <code><nowiki>Client</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>ClientRestore</nowiki></code> commands *Change <code><nowiki>$Conf{TarClientCmd} </nowiki></code>and <code><nowiki>$Conf{TarClientRestoreCmd} </nowiki></code>to read <pre><nowiki> $Conf{TarClientCmd} = ‘sudo $tarPath -c -v -f - -C $shareName’ . ‘ –totals’; </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> $Conf{TarClientRestoreCmd} = ‘sudo $tarPath -x -p –numeric-owner –same-owner’ . ‘ -v -f - -C $shareName’; </nowiki></pre> * Also remove plus (+) from $incrDate in <code><nowiki>$Conf{TarIncrArgs} </nowiki></code> so it won't be double escaped (need to escape only once when running sudo): <pre><nowiki> $Conf{TarIncrArgs} = '--newer=$incrDate $fileList+'; </nowiki></pre> *Change <code><nowiki>$Conf{BackupFilesExclude} </nowiki></code>(these seem to all be temp files that you don’t really need to backup) to read <pre><nowiki> $Conf{BackupFilesExclude} = [’/proc’, ‘/dev’, ‘/tmp’, ‘/mnt’, ‘/media’, ‘/sys’, ‘/lost+found’, ‘/usr/src’, ‘/var/lib’, ‘/var/tmp’, ‘/var/cache’, ‘/var/spool’, ‘/var/run’, ‘/var/lock’, ‘/var/games’, ‘/home/*/.Trash’, ‘/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/Cache’, ‘/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/Cache.Trash’]; </nowiki></pre> === Add backuppc to the sudoers list === *Run “sudo visudo” *At the bottom of the file add <pre><nowiki> # Allow backuppc to run tar without a password backuppc ALL=NOPASSWD: /bin/tar </nowiki></pre> *If you are unfamiliar with vi editor: Scroll to the end of last line of the file, press a to start adding text, write magic lines mentioned above, hit esc, type ":w"+enter to save file, ":q" to quit (":q!" to quit without saving changes). == alternatives == For other ways of backing up some or all of your system, see [[UbuntuHelp:BackupYourSystem|BackupYourSystem]] . == References == * http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_backuppc * BackupPC: http://backuppc.sourceforge.net * BackupPC Documentation: http://backuppc.sourceforge.net/faq/BackupPC.html == Authors == * falko ---- [[category:CategoryBackupRecovery]] [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
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